The Federal Reserve signaled at the conclusion of its two-day meeting on Wednesday that interest rates will remain elevated for some time, forcing Americans to adapt to a reality where borrowing money is far more expensive than it used to be.
In this new era of high interest rates, savers stand to benefit with nice returns from low-risk investments like Treasurys, but borrowers face steeper debt payments on everything from credit cards to mortgages to student loans.
Policymakers voted during the meeting to leave interest rates unchanged at a range of 5.25% to 5.5%, the highest level since 2001. But officials also indicated that rates are unlikely to come down substantially in the near term as high inflation lingers, meaning that borrowing money will remain far more expensive than it was just four years ago.
For Americans who carry a balance from one month to the next, the new era of persistently high interest rates could be costing them hundreds – even thousands – of dollars.
While the federal funds rate is not what consumers pay directly, it affects borrowing costs for home equity lines of credit, auto loans and credit cards. Higher rates have helped push the average rate on 30-year mortgages above 7% for the first time in years.
In fact, housing affordability is as bad today as it was during the peak of the 2008 housing bubble thanks to the astronomical rise in mortgage rates.
The Atlanta Fed's Housing Affordability Monitor, which compares median home prices and other housing costs to median household income, indicates the median U.S. household would have to spend about 41.7% of their income to afford the median-priced house as of March. While that marks an improvement from the end of 2023, when affordability hit a nearly two-decade low, it is still far worse than the typical pre-pandemic level.
Americans with credit card debt are also feeling the pinch from higher rates. Average interest rates on credit cards have already surged from 16% in February 2022, before the Fed began hiking rates, to 20.67% as of Wednesday, near a record high, according to a Bankrate database.
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Even just a minor change in credit card rates can affect how much Americans owe.
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For instance, if you owe $5,000 – which the average American does – current APR levels would mean it would take about 277 months and $7,723 in interest to pay off the debt making the minimum payments. By comparison, that same amount of debt would have taken 269 months and $6,126 to pay off when interest rates were lower.
Those rates are unlikely to fall substantially anytime soon, thanks to the Fed's higher-for-longer policy stance.
"Interest rates aren’t likely to come down soon enough, or fast enough, to provide meaningful relief to borrowers," said Greg McBride, chief financial analyst at Bankrate. "Utilize zero-percent credit card balance transfer offers, shop around for lower fixed-rate personal loans and home equity loans, and channel as much income as possible toward paying down this debt as quickly as possible."
But there is also a silver lining to higher rates for many consumers.
Most banks and credit unions will raise their savings rates during periods of higher interest rates, making it a good chance for some Americans, particularly retirees living off of their savings, to earn more.
The national average banking savings rate hit 0.58% as of June 3, according to Bankrate, although rates are as measly as 0.01% at some of the biggest banks in the U.S.
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There's another far more lucrative option: high-yield savings accounts, many of which are now paying between 4.2% and 5.3%, providing an option for consumers who are seeking a lower-risk return. Savers can open an online high-yield savings account, but they should make sure the bank is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
There are now more than two dozen nationally available savings and money market deposit accounts from FDIC-insured banks paying a rate of 3.75% or higher, according to Bankrate.
