The function of the steering gear is to properly transform the steering torque and steering angle from the steering wheel (mainly deceleration and torque increase), and then output it to the steering rod mechanism to turn the car, so the steering gear is essentially a reduction gear.
There are many types of steering gear, such as rack and pinion type, circulating ball type, worm crank finger type, power steering gear, etc. There have been many forms of steering gear throughout history, but many have since been obsolete. According to the classification of power assistance, the steering gear can be divided into mechanical type (without power assistance) and power type (with power assistance).Mechanical steering gear can be divided into rack and pinion type, circulating ball type, worm crank finger type, circulating ball crank finger type, worm roller type, etc. Commonly used are rack and pinion type, circulating ball type, worm crank finger type.
The rack and pinion steering gear is one of the simplest steering gears. It has the advantages of simple and compact structure, high rigidity, low cost, sensitive steering, high forward and reverse attack rates, easy to arrange, and is especially suitable for use with candle suspension and MacPherson suspension, and can also be directly Drive the tie rod to simplify the steering transmission mechanism. Therefore, it is widely used in cars and micro and light trucks.
The recirculating ball steering gear has high forward and reverse attack rates, so it is easy to operate, has a long life, and works stably and reliably; however, due to the high reverse attack rate, it is easy to transmit the impact force of the road surface to the steering wheel.
The power steering gear is actually a combination of a mechanical steering gear and a steering booster device. According to the different energy transfer medium, there are two types of power steering gear: pneumatic type and hydraulic type. Among them, the hydraulic power steering gear can be divided into integral type (mechanical steering gear, steering power cylinder and The three steering control valves are designed as one), semi-integrated (the mechanical steering gear and the steering control valve are designed together, and the steering power cylinder is independent) and the separate type (the mechanical steering gear is independent, the steering control valve and the steering power cylinder are designed separately) Design as one) three structural types.
It is worth noting that it is not suitable to use pneumatic power steering gear for trucks with large loading mass, because the working pressure of the pneumatic system is low (generally not higher than 0.7MPa), and the size of its components will be too large when used on heavy vehicles. The working pressure of the hydraulic power steering gear can be as high as 10MPa or more, so the size of its components is very small. The hydraulic system works without noise, has a short working lag time, and can absorb the impact from uneven roads. Therefore, hydraulic power steering has been widely used in various types of automobiles.
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