Sign In  |  Register  |  About Burlingame  |  Contact Us

Burlingame, CA
September 01, 2020 10:18am
7-Day Forecast | Traffic
  • Search Hotels in Burlingame

  • CHECK-IN:
  • CHECK-OUT:
  • ROOMS:

Trex Company Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Results

Strong Fourth Quarter Sales Cap a Year of Resilient Consumer Demand for Trex Decking & Railing

Full Year Gross Margin Expanded By 480 Basis Points

2024 Guidance Anticipates Double-Digit Sales Growth and Further Margin Expansion

Trex Company, Inc. (NYSE:TREX) (Trex or Company), the world’s #1 brand of high-performance, low-maintenance and eco-friendly decking and railing and a leader in outdoor living products, today announced financial results for its fourth quarter and full year 2023.

Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Highlights

  • Quarterly net sales of $196 million; Full year net sales of $1.1 billion.
  • Fourth quarter gross margin of 36.1%; Full year gross margin of 41.3%.
  • Quarterly net income of $22 million and diluted earnings per share of $0.20; Full year net income of $205 million and diluted earnings per share of $1.89.
  • Fourth quarter EBITDA of $41 million and EBITDA margin of 21.0%; Full year EBITDA of $326 million and EBITDA margin of 29.8%.

CEO Comments

“Fourth quarter results represented a strong finish to the year. Sales were above the high end of our guidance range, reflecting strong demand for Trex products heading into 2024. Channel sell-through remained at mid-single-digit levels in the fourth quarter and channel inventories ended the year at historically low levels,” said Bryan Fairbanks, President and CEO. “Also, our recently launched products are continuing to gain traction in the marketplace. Notably, our Trex Transcend® Lineage decking line, which offers consumers the look and feel of wood together with heat mitigation technology has garnered considerable consumer interest, along with Trex Select® T-Rail, our high-performance, value-priced composite rail system, and the premium Trex Signature® decking line, which replicates the graining and color richness of tropical hardwoods. All launched within the last 18 months, these additions to our portfolio have extended the appeal of Trex products to a broader consumer base, expanding our addressable market opportunity. Product launches in 2024 include Trex’s new color matched fastener system and innovative cable and glass railing systems that add two new specialty options to our premium railing line,” continued Mr. Fairbanks.

“Our full year performance demonstrates the resilience of Trex-branded products during periods of economic uncertainty and the positive impact of the Trex continuous improvement program, which were key to the margin improvement achieved in 2023. Throughout the year, we worked closely with our channel partners to optimize inventory levels and lead times to address the dynamic market environment. Additionally, we increased our investment in sales, marketing, and branding programs, along with new product development to drive our future growth. These expenditures are aligned with our strategy to take full advantage of the strong long-term secular trends that have made the Outdoor Living category one of the fastest-growing segments of the Repair & Remodel sector,” said Mr. Fairbanks.

Fourth Quarter 2023 Results

Fourth quarter 2023 consolidated net sales were $196 million, compared to $192 million reported in the prior-year quarter and 8.4% above Trex Residential net sales of $181 million in the year ago quarter. The growth in net sales was due primarily to increased volume and the absence of the residual channel inventory drawdown that occurred in the 2022 fourth quarter.

Gross margin was 36.1% in the fourth quarter of 2023 compared, to reported consolidated gross margin of 34.1% and Trex Residential gross margin of 36.1% in the same quarter last year.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $43 million, or 21.7% of net sales. This compares to $35 million, or 18.5% of net sales, in the 2022 fourth quarter. In the 2023 fourth quarter, the Company elevated spending on branding and merchandising related to new products launching in 2024, increased R&D to drive growth and returned to normalized personnel and incentive costs.

Net income for the 2023 fourth quarter was $22 million, or $0.20 per diluted share, compared to $10 million, or $0.09 per diluted share, reported in the 2022 fourth quarter. EBITDA was $41 million, compared to $26 million and EBITDA margin was 21.0%, compared to 13.4%.

Full Year 2023 Results

Full year consolidated net sales were $1.1 billion, comparable to 2022 consolidated levels and $35 million higher than Trex Residential net sales in 2022. Gross margin was 41.3%, compared to consolidated gross margin of 36.5% and Trex Residential gross margin of 37.7% in 2022. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $176 million, or 16.1% of net sales, compared to $142 million, or 12.8% of net sales, in 2022.

Full year 2023 net income was $205 million, or $1.89 per diluted share, compared to $185 million, or $1.65 per diluted share, in 2022. EBITDA was $326 million, resulting in an EBITDA margin of 29.8%, compared to EBITDA of $291 million and an EBITDA margin of 26.3% in 2022.

During the 2023 fiscal year, the Company recognized a $3.8 million benefit from a reduction in the Trex Residential warranty reserve related to the surface flaking issue that affected a portion of the products manufactured at the Nevada plant prior to 2007. Excluding the warranty benefit, 2023 adjusted gross margin was 41.0%, adjusted net income was $203 million, or $1.86 per diluted share, adjusted EBITDA was $323 million, and adjusted EBITDA margin was 29.5%.

During 2023, Trex authorized the repurchase of up to 10.8 million shares, or approximately 10% of its existing share float, under a new stock repurchase program. During the year the Company returned $15.6 million to shareholders through the repurchase of 264,896 shares of its outstanding common stock.

Recent Developments & Recognitions

  • Lowe’s honored Trex with its 2023 Sustainability Award for the Company’s commitment to manufacturing sustainably made, wood-alternative decking.
  • Investor’s Business Daily named Trex Company one of the 100 Best ESG Companies for 2023, selected from more than 6,000 global companies, and one of only three in its industry to make the list.
  • Trex Company was ranked by Newsweek magazine as one of America’s Most Responsible Companies 2024, reinforcing Trex’s position as a sustainability leader.

Summary and Outlook

“The Trex team effectively managed through an uncertain business environment in 2023 delivering solid sales performance and improved profitability, while investing in future growth. In 2024, we expect to achieve double-digit sales growth, benefitting from mid-single-digit demand growth and the shift of our Early Buy program to the first quarter of this year from the fourth quarter of 2023.

“For full year 2024, net sales are anticipated to range from $1.215 billion to $1.235 billion, representing year-on-year revenue growth of 12% at the midpoint and EBITDA margin is expected to be in the range of 30.0% to 30.5%, representing margin expansion of approximately 75 basis points. Approximately 60% of full year revenues are expected to occur in the first half of the year. Capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $220 million primarily tied to the development of our new Arkansas campus, including the addition of a warehouse facility,” continued Mr. Fairbanks.

“First quarter 2024 sales are expected to be in the $360 million to $370 million range, inclusive of $60 million to $80 million from our Early Buy program.

“In 2024, we plan to continue to invest in areas that have yielded substantial returns for our Company, notably branding and sales and marketing programs, which have been very effective in driving sales growth, and cost-out programs, which have enabled us to expand gross margin on less-than-full capacity. New product development will remain a priority in 2024, as will the build-out of our world class Arkansas facility. These investments are aligned with our strategy to capture an increasing share of decking, railing, and adjacent products, which together represent a $14 billion addressable market for Trex,” Mr. Fairbanks concluded.

Fourth Quarter 2023 Conference Call and Webcast Information

Trex will hold a conference call to discuss its fourth quarter and full year 2023 results on Monday, February 26, 2024, at 5:00 p.m. ET. To participate on the day of the call, dial 1-844-792-3734, or internationally 1-412-317-5126, approximately ten minutes before the call and tell the operator you wish to join the Trex Company Conference Call.

A live webcast of the conference call will be available in the Investor Relations section of the Trex Company website at 4Q23 Earnings Webcast. For those who cannot listen to the live broadcast, an audio replay of the conference call will be available within 24 hours after the call on the Trex website. The audio replay will be available for 30 days.

Use of Non-GAAP Measures

The Company reports its financial results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP). To supplement our consolidated financial statements reported on a GAAP basis, we provide the following non-GAAP financial measures of adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share, earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) and EBITDA as a percentage of net sales, EBITDA margin, and adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide investors with additional meaningful financial information that should be considered when assessing our underlying business performance and trends. Further, management believes these non-GAAP financial measures also enhance investors’ ability to compare period-to-period financial results. Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for, the Company’s reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP and are not meant to be considered superior to or a substitute for our GAAP results. Our non-GAAP financial measures do not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Therefore, our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP information are included below. Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in making financial, operating, compensation and planning decisions and in evaluating the company’s performance. Disclosing these non-GAAP financial measures allows investors and management to view our operating results excluding the impact of items that are not reflective of the underlying operating performance.

Reconciliation of net income (GAAP) to adjusted net income (non-GAAP) is as follows:

Three Months Ended Year Ended
December 31, December 31,
Trex Company, Inc.

 

2023

Consolidated 2022

Trex Residential 2022

 

2023

 

Consolidated 2022

Trex Residential 2022

(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net Income

$

21,951

$

10,076

 

$

23,937

 

$

205,384

 

$

184,626

 

$

200,876

 

Warranty adjustment

 

-

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

(3,800

)

 

-

 

 

-

 

Severance charges

 

-

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

1,222

 

 

1,026

 

Loss on sale and other related expenses

 

-

 

17,159

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

17,159

 

 

-

 

Non-executive retention compensation

 

-

 

3,406

 

 

3,406

 

 

-

 

 

3,406

 

 

3,406

 

Income tax effect *

 

-

 

(5,182

)

 

(858

)

 

973

 

 

(5,490

)

 

(1,117

)

Adjusted Net Income

$

21,951

$

25,459

 

$

26,485

 

$

202,557

 

$

200,923

 

$

204,191

 

 
Diluted earnings per share

$

0.20

$

0.09

 

$

0.22

 

$

1.89

 

$

1.65

 

$

1.80

 

Adjusted diluted earnings per share

$

0.20

$

0.23

 

$

0.24

 

$

1.86

 

$

1.80

 

$

1.83

 

 
*Income tax effect calculated using the effective tax rate for the applicable period of 25.6% and 25.2%.

Reconciliation of net income (GAAP) to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) is as follows:

Three Months Ended Year Ended
December 31, December 31,
Trex Company, Inc.

 

2023

 

Consolidated 2022

Trex Residential 2022

 

2023

 

Consolidated 2022

Trex Residential 2022

($ in thousands)
Net Income

$

21,951

 

$

10,076

 

$

23,937

 

$

205,384

 

$

184,626

 

$

200,876

 

Interest expense (income), net

 

(2,550

)

 

(1

)

 

(1

)

 

5

 

 

(103

)

 

(103

)

Income tax expense

 

8,727

 

 

4,548

 

 

8,859

 

 

70,815

 

 

62,212

 

 

67,313

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

12,995

 

 

11,029

 

 

10,739

 

 

50,189

 

 

44,298

 

 

43,173

 

EBITDA

$

41,123

 

$

25,652

 

$

43,534

 

$

326,393

 

$

291,033

 

$

311,259

 

Warranty adjustment

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

(3,800

)

 

-

 

 

-

 

Severance charges

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

1,222

 

 

1,026

 

Loss on sale and other related expenses

 

-

 

 

17,159

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

17,159

 

 

-

 

Non-executive retention compensation

 

-

 

 

3,406

 

 

3,406

 

 

-

 

 

3,406

 

 

3,406

 

Adjusted EBITDA

$

41,123

 

$

46,217

 

$

46,940

 

$

322,593

 

$

312,820

 

$

315,691

 

Net income as a percentage of net sales

 

11.2

%

 

5.2

%

 

13.3

%

 

18.8

%

 

16.7

%

 

19.0

%

EBITDA as a percentage of net sales (EBITDA margin)

 

21.0

%

 

13.4

%

 

24.1

%

 

29.8

%

 

26.3

%

 

29.4

%

Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales (Adjusted EBITDA margin)

 

21.0

%

 

24.1

%

 

26.0

%

 

29.5

%

 

28.3

%

 

29.8

%

About Trex Company

For more than 30 years, Trex Company [NYSE: TREX] has invented, reinvented and defined the composite decking category. Today, the Company is the world’s #1 brand of sustainably made, wood-alternative decking and deck railing – all proudly manufactured in the U.S.A. – and a leader in high performance, low-maintenance outdoor living products. Trex boasts the industry’s strongest distribution network with products sold through more than 6,700 retail outlets across six continents. Through strategic licensing agreements, the Company offers a comprehensive outdoor living portfolio that includes deck drainage, flashing tapes, LED lighting, outdoor kitchen components, pergolas, spiral stairs, fencing, lattice, cornhole and outdoor furniture – all marketed under the Trex® brand. Based in Winchester, Va., Trex is proud to have been honored with Lowe’s 2023 Sustainability Award, recognized as one of the 100 Best ESG Companies for 2023 by Investor’s Business Daily, and ranked by Newsweek magazine as one of America’s Most Responsible Companies. For more information, visit Trex.com. You may also follow Trex on Facebook (trexcompany), Instagram (trexcompany), X (Trex_Company), LinkedIn (trex-company), TikTok (trexcompany), Pinterest (trexcompany) and Houzz (trex-company-inc), or view product and demonstration videos on the brand’s YouTube channel (TheTrexCo).

Forward-Looking Statements

The statements in this press release regarding the Company’s expected future performance and condition constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company’s actual operating results to differ materially. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: the extent of market acceptance of the Company’s current and newly developed products; the costs associated with the development and launch of new products and the market acceptance of such new products; the sensitivity of the Company’s business to general economic conditions; the impact of seasonal and weather-related demand fluctuations on inventory levels in the distribution channel and sales of the Company’s products; the availability and cost of third-party transportation services for the Company’s products; the Company’s ability to obtain raw materials at acceptable prices; increasing inflation in the macro-economic environment; the Company’s ability to maintain product quality and product performance at an acceptable cost; the Company’s ability to increase throughput and capacity to adequately match supply with demand; the level of expenses associated with warranty claims, product replacement and consumer relations expenses related to product quality; the highly competitive markets in which the Company operates; cyber-attacks, security breaches or other security vulnerabilities; the impact of current and upcoming data privacy laws and the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the related actual or potential costs and consequences; material adverse impacts from global public health pandemics and geopolitical conflicts; and material adverse impacts related to labor shortages or increases in labor costs. Documents filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission by the Company, including in particular its latest annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, discuss some of the important factors that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements. The Company expressly disclaims any obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

TREX COMPANY, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended

December 31,
Year Ended

December 31,

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

 

2023

 

2022

 

(Unaudited)
 
Net sales

$

195,745

 

$

192,094

 

$

1,094,837

$

1,106,043

 

Cost of sales

 

125,108

 

 

126,602

 

 

642,430

 

702,054

 

Gross profit

 

70,637

 

 

65,492

 

 

452,407

 

403,989

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

 

42,509

 

 

35,446

 

 

176,203

 

141,831

 

Loss on Sale

 

-

 

 

15,423

 

 

-

 

15,423

 

Income from operations

 

28,128

 

 

14,623

 

 

276,204

 

246,735

 

Interest (income) expense, net

 

(2,550

)

 

(1

)

 

5

 

(103

)

Income before income taxes

 

30,678

 

 

14,624

 

 

276,199

 

246,838

 

Provision for income taxes

 

8,727

 

 

4,548

 

 

70,815

 

62,212

 

Net income

$

21,951

 

$

10,076

 

$

205,384

$

184,626

 

Basic earnings per common share

$

0.20

 

$

0.09

 

$

1.89

$

1.65

 

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding

 

108,599,628

 

 

109,042,968

 

 

108,680,459

 

111,710,676

 

Diluted earnings per common share

$

0.20

 

$

0.09

 

$

1.89

$

1.65

 

Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding

 

108,750,379

 

 

109,187,280

 

 

108,809,403

 

111,880,488

 

Comprehensive income

$

21,951

 

$

10,076

 

$

205,384

$

184,626

 

TREX COMPANY, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
 
December 31, December 31,

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

 
 
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents

$

1,959

 

$

12,325

 

Accounts receivable, net

 

41,136

 

 

98,057

 

Inventories

 

107,089

 

 

141,355

 

Prepaid expenses and other assets

 

22,070

 

 

35,105

 

Total current assets

 

172,254

 

 

286,842

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

709,402

 

 

589,892

 

Operating lease assets

 

26,233

 

 

30,991

 

Goodwill and other intangible assets, net

 

18,163

 

 

18,582

 

Other assets

 

6,833

 

 

7,398

 

Total assets

$

932,885

 

$

933,705

 

 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
 
Accounts payable

$

23,963

 

$

19,935

 

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

 

56,734

 

 

44,064

 

Accrued warranty

 

4,865

 

 

4,600

 

Line of credit

 

5,500

 

 

222,000

 

Total current liabilities

 

91,062

 

 

290,599

 

Deferred income taxes

 

72,439

 

 

68,224

 

Operating lease liabilities

 

18,840

 

 

23,974

 

Non-current accrued warranty

 

17,313

 

 

20,999

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

16,560

 

 

11,560

 

Total liabilities

 

216,214

 

 

415,356

 

 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 3,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding

 

 

 

 

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 360,000,000 shares authorized; 140,974,843 and 140,841,833 shares issued and 108,611,537 and 108,743,423 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively

 

1,410

 

 

1,408

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

140,157

 

 

131,539

 

Retained earnings

 

1,336,058

 

 

1,130,674

 

Treasury stock, at cost, 32,363,306 and 32,098,410 shares at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively

 

(760,954

)

 

(745,272

)

Total stockholders’ equity

 

716,671

 

 

518,349

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

932,885

 

$

933,705

 

TREX COMPANY, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
 
Year Ended

December 31,

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

(unaudited)
Operating Activities
Net income

$

205,384

 

$

184,626

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization

 

50,189

 

 

44,298

 

Deferred Income Taxes

 

4,215

 

 

24,256

 

Loss on Sale

 

-

 

 

15,423

 

Stock-based compensation

 

10,164

 

 

5,329

 

Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment

 

3,140

 

 

(27

)

Other non-cash adjustments

 

(48

)

 

(117

)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable

 

56,921

 

 

42,513

 

Inventories

 

34,266

 

 

(64,454

)

Prepaid expenses and other assets

 

(750

)

 

7,925

 

Accounts payable

 

2,697

 

 

(5,595

)

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

 

8,875

 

 

(14,385

)

Income taxes receivable/payable

 

14,367

 

 

(23,572

)

 
Net cash provided by operating activities

 

389,420

 

 

216,220

 

 
Investing Activities
Expenditures for property, plant and equipment

 

(166,089

)

 

(176,228

)

Proceeds from sale of assets

 

-

 

 

7,290

 

Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment

 

-

 

 

54

 

 
Net cash used in investing activities

 

(166,089

)

 

(168,884

)

 
Financing Activities
Borrowings under line of credit

 

593,500

 

 

425,000

 

Principal payments under line of credit

 

(810,000

)

 

(203,000

)

Repurchases of common stock

 

(18,450

)

 

(398,382

)

Proceeds from employee stock purchase and option plans

 

1,223

 

 

1,742

 

Financing costs

 

30

 

 

(1,424

)

 
Net cash used in financing activities

 

(233,697

)

 

(176,064

)

 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

 

(10,366

)

 

(128,728

)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

 

12,325

 

 

141,053

 

 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$

1,959

 

$

12,325

 

TREX COMPANY, INC.
 
Segment Data
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended

December 31, 2022
Trex

Consolidated
Trex

Commercial
Trex

Residential
Net sales

$

192,094

 

$

11,450

 

$

180,644

 

Cost of sales

 

126,602

 

 

11,199

 

 

115,403

 

Gross profit

 

65,492

 

 

252

 

 

65,240

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

 

35,446

 

 

3,000

 

 

32,446

 

Loss on Sale

 

15,423

 

 

15,423

 

 

-

 

Income (loss) from operations

 

14,623

 

 

(18,172

)

 

32,795

 

Interest income, net

 

(1

)

 

-

 

 

(1

)

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

14,624

 

 

(18,172

)

 

32,796

 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 

4,548

 

 

(4,311

)

 

8,859

 

Net income (loss)

$

10,076

 

$

(13,861

)

$

23,937

 

EBITDA

$

25,652

 

$

(17,882

)

$

43,534

 

Depreciation and amortization

$

11,029

 

$

290

 

$

10,739

 

Capital expenditures

$

68,065

 

$

98

 

$

67,967

 

Total assets

$

933,705

 

$

-

 

$

933,705

 

TREX COMPANY, INC.
 
Segment Data
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
Year Ended

December 31, 2022
Trex

Consolidated
Trex

Commercial
Trex

Residential
Net sales

$

1,106,043

 

$

46,507

 

$

1,059,536

 

Cost of sales

 

702,054

 

 

42,365

 

 

659,689

 

Gross profit

 

403,989

 

 

4,142

 

 

399,847

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

 

141,831

 

 

10,070

 

 

131,761

 

Loss on Sale

 

15,423

 

 

15,423

 

 

-

 

Income (loss) from operations

 

246,735

 

 

(21,351

)

 

268,086

 

Interest income, net

 

(103

)

 

-

 

 

(103

)

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

246,838

 

 

(21,351

)

 

268,189

 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 

62,212

 

 

(5,101

)

 

67,313

 

Net income (loss)

$

184,626

 

$

(16,250

)

$

200,876

 

EBITDA

$

291,033

 

$

(20,226

)

$

311,259

 

Depreciation and amortization

$

44,298

 

$

1,125

 

$

43,173

 

Capital expenditures

$

176,228

 

$

324

 

$

175,904

 

Total assets

$

933,705

 

$

-

 

$

933,705

 

 

Contacts

Data & News supplied by www.cloudquote.io
Stock quotes supplied by Barchart
Quotes delayed at least 20 minutes.
By accessing this page, you agree to the following
Privacy Policy and Terms and Conditions.
 
 
Copyright © 2010-2020 Burlingame.com & California Media Partners, LLC. All rights reserved.