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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2001

Registration No. 333-52426



SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549


Post-Effective
Amendment No. 1
to
FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933


FINISAR CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware 3674 94-3038428
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code number)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

1308 Moffett Park Drive
Sunnyvale, California 94089
(408) 548-1000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of Registrant's principal executive offices)


JERRY S. RAWLS
Chief Executive Officer
FINISAR CORPORATION
1308 Moffett Park Drive
Sunnyvale, California 94089
(408) 548-1000
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)


Please send copies of all communications to:

STEPHEN K. WORKMAN
Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer
and Secretary
Finisar Corporation
1308 Moffett Park Drive
Sunnyvale, California 94089
(408) 548-1000
  DENNIS C. SULLIVAN, ESQ.
JOE C. SORENSON, ESQ.
Gary Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP
400 Hamilton Avenue
Palo Alto, California 94301-1825
(650) 833-2000

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

   If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. / /

   If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. /x/

   If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. / /

   If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. / /

   If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. / /


The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8 of the Securities Act or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8, may determine.




5,418,019 Shares

Finisar Corporation

Common Stock


    This Prospectus relates to the public offering, which is not being underwritten, of shares of the common stock of Finisar Corporation. The shares of our common stock may be offered by any of the selling stockholders named in this prospectus, each of whom received their shares when we acquired Demeter Technologies, Inc., as well as donees and pledgees who receive shares from a named selling stockholder after the date of this prospectus. We will receive no part of the proceeds of the sale of any shares offered in this prospectus. All expenses of registration incurred in connection with this offering are being borne by us, but all selling and other expenses incurred by the selling stockholders will be borne by such selling stockholders. None of the shares offered pursuant to this prospectus have been registered prior to the filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

    The common stock offered in this prospectus may be offered and sold by the selling stockholders directly or through broker-dealers acting solely as agents. In addition, the broker-dealers may acquire the common stock as principals. The distribution of the common stock may be effected in one or more of the following transactions:

These transactions may be made at market prices and on terms prevailing at the time of sale, prices related to such prevailing market prices or negotiated prices. Usual and customary or specially negotiated brokerage fees or commissions may be paid by the selling stockholders in connection with these sales.

    Finisar Corporation's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "FNSR". On March 22, 2001 the last reported sales price for the common stock was $13.00 per share.

    INVESTING IN THE COMMON STOCK OFFERED IN THIS PROSPECTUS INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE "RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON PAGE 6.


    Each selling stockholder and any broker executing selling orders on behalf of the selling stockholders may be deemed to be an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933. Commissions received by any broker executing selling orders may be deemed to be underwriting commissions under the Securities Act.


    NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

The date of this Prospectus is March 23, 2001.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
  Page
Prospectus Summary   1
Risk Factors   6
Forward-Looking Statements   18
Use of Proceeds   18
Dividend Policy   18
Price Range of Our Common Stock   18
Capitalization   19
Selected Financial Data   20
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   22
Business   36
Management   53
Related Party Transactions   62
Principal Stockholders   64
Selling Stockholders   66
Description of Capital Stock   67
Shares Eligible for Future Sale   70
Plan of Distribution   71
Legal Matters   72
Experts   72
Where You Can Find More Information   72
Index to Financial Statements   F-1

    In March 2000, our Board of Directors approved a three-for-one stock split that was effected in the form of a 200% stock dividend that was paid to stockholders of record on March 27, 2000. The information in this prospectus reflects the payment of the stock dividend.

    Beginning in fiscal 2000, our financial records have been maintained on the basis of a fiscal year ending on April 30, with fiscal quarters ending on the Sunday closest to the end of the period (thirteen-week periods). For ease of comparison, all references to period end dates in this prospectus have been presented as though the period ended on the last day of the calendar month. The first three quarters of fiscal 2001 ended on July 30, 2000, October 29, 2000 and January 28, 2001 and the first three fiscal quarters of fiscal 2000 ended on August 1, 1999, October 31, 1999 and January 30, 2000.

    You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized any person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus only. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

    Finisar is a registered trademark of Finisar Corporation. This prospectus contains product names, trade names and trademarks of Finisar and other organizations.



PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

    This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including "Risk Factors" and the financial data and related notes, before making an investment decision.


Finisar Corporation

    We are a leading provider of fiber optic subsystems and network performance test systems which enable high-speed data communications over Gigabit Ethernet-based local area networks, or LANs, Fibre Channel-based storage area networks, or SANs, and wide-area and metropolitan data networking applications, or WANs and MANs. Our optical subsystems convert electrical signals into optical signals for reliable, high-speed data transmission over varying distances, speeds and transmission mediums. We sell our optical subsystems to manufacturers of networking and storage equipment that develop and market systems based on Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel, which are advanced transmission protocols used in high-speed LAN and SAN applications. LANs interconnect computer users within an organization and allow users to share common computer resources. SANs allow storage to be networked among users and provide high-speed interconnections between storage systems and servers. We also provide unique network performance test systems which assist networking and storage equipment manufacturers in the efficient design of reliable, high-speed networking systems and the testing and monitoring of the performance of these systems.

    The growing number of users accessing networks, the increasing need to accommodate data traffic which requires greater transmission capacity, or bandwidth, and the increasingly important role that data communication networks play within corporations and other organizations has created the need for a new generation of high-speed, high-performance networking and storage systems that rely on fiber optic transmission technology. Many of these systems operate over Gigabit Ethernet-based LANs, Fibre Channel-based SANs or extended versions of these networks. These systems utilize fiber optic subsystems which enable them to transmit data at very high speeds with high accuracy, often over long distances. In addition to creating a need for optical subsystems, complex transmission protocols such as Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel have resulted in a demand for advanced network performance test systems. As these protocols have emerged, system testing has become more difficult, requiring increasingly sophisticated and specialized test systems capable of capturing data at high speeds, filtering the data and identifying various types of intermittent errors and other network problems.

    The development and manufacture of high quality, cost-effective fiber optic subsystems for LANs and SANs present a number of significant technical challenges. Data integrity, reliability and standards compliance become increasingly difficult at high transmission speeds. Additionally, manufacturers require optical subsystems which support a broad range of network applications. To date, we believe that only a limited number of companies have developed the specialized expertise required to engineer fiber optic subsystems and network performance test systems which meet the requirements of manufacturers of high-speed data networking and storage systems. Our optical subsystems and network performance test systems are designed to provide the following key benefits to systems manufacturers:

    Value-Added Functions and Intelligence.  Our high-speed fiber optic subsystems are engineered to provide our customers with value-added functionality beyond the basic capability of enabling high-speed data transmission. Many of our optical subsystems include:

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Our test systems also contain value-added software functions that permit users to simulate and track errors.

    High Level of Data Integrity.  Through the use of advanced packaging and circuit design, our optical subsystems deliver data at very high speeds over varying distances with very low error rates. This high level of data integrity allows our subsystems to operate reliably over a wide range of temperatures and other field conditions which we believe enables our customers to design and deliver more robust systems.

    High Reliability.  We design all of our optical subsystems to provide the high reliability required for data networking and storage applications that are critical to an enterprise. Our products have very low failure rates. Using standard statistical methodology and testing, we have been able to predict that some of our products can be expected to operate reliably for up to 40 million hours. In addition, because our subsystems are designed to emit lower levels of electromagnetic interference, or EMI, than the standards set by the Federal Communications Commission, we offer manufacturers greater flexibility in the design of their systems and integration of other components and subsystems.

    Broad Optical Subsystem Product Line.  We offer a broad line of optical subsystems which operate at varying protocols, speeds, fiber types, voltages, wavelengths and distances and are available in a variety of industry standard packaging configurations, or form factors. The breadth of our optical subsystems product line is important to many of our customers who manufacture a wide range of networking products for diverse applications.

    Broad Test System Product Line.  We offer a broad line of test systems to assist our customers in efficiently designing reliable, high-speed networking systems and testing and monitoring the performance of these systems. We believe our test systems enable our customers to focus their attention on the development of new products, reduce overall development costs and speed time to market.

    Our goal is to be the optical subsystem and network performance test system provider of choice for multiple protocols and network applications. We intend to maintain our technological leadership through continual enhancement of our existing products and the development of new products as evolving technology permits higher speed transmission of data, with greater capacity, over longer distances. We plan to leverage our relationships with our existing customers as they enter new, high-speed data communications markets and to expand our sales and marketing organization in order to establish new relationships with other key data and storage networking manufacturers. We intend to capitalize on our customers' satisfaction and our service-oriented approach to take advantage of cross-selling opportunities. We also plan to expand our international sales efforts.

    We sell our products to leading networking and storage equipment manufacturers such as 3Com, EMC, Emulex, IBM, Alcatel Networks (formerly Newbridge Networks) and Sun Microsystems, as well as emerging manufacturers such as Brocade Communications and Extreme Networks. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2000, we had revenues of $67.1 million and net income of $2.9 million. For the nine months ended January 31, 2001, we had revenues of $136.6 million and a net loss of $43.2 million, with the loss primarily due to charges related to the acquisitions of Sensors Unlimited, Inc. in October 2000 and Demeter Technologies, Inc. in November 2000.

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Recent Developments

    On October 17, 2000, we completed the acquisition of Sensors Unlimited, Inc. Sensors is a leading supplier of optical components that monitor the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexing, or DWDM, systems. Sensors operates as a subsidiary of Finisar at its facility in Princeton, New Jersey.

    On November 21, 2000, we completed the acquisition of Demeter Technologies, Inc. Demeter was founded in June 2000 and is focused on the development of long wavelength Fabry Perot and distributed feedback lasers for data communications and telecommunications applications. Demeter operates as a subsidiary of Finisar at its facility in El Monte, California.

    On March 2, 2001, we completed the acquisition of Medusa Technologies, Inc. Medusa provides training and testing services focusing on Fibre Channel and other networking technologies. Medusa operates as a subsidiary of Finisar at its facility near Austin, Texas.

    On November 20, 2000, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Transwave Fiber, Inc. Transwave is headquartered in Fremont, California with operations in Shanghai, China and has developed a line of passive optical components for data communications and telecommunications applications. We expect to close the transaction during the fiscal quarter ending April 30, 2001, subject to approval by Transwave's stockholders and other customary conditions.

    On November 21, 2000, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Shomiti Systems, Inc. Shomiti, headquartered in San Jose, California, has developed a broad line of products which measure the performance of Ethernet networks in order to enhance their quality of service. We expect to close the transaction during the fiscal quarter ending April 30, 2001, subject to approval by Shomiti's stockholders and other customary conditions.

    On February 20, 2001, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Marlow Industries, Inc. Marlow is located in Dallas, Texas and manufactures thermoelectric coolers that provide customized thermal-management solutions by stabilizing the temperature of high-tech equipment for the aerospace, military, medical, telecommunications, industrial and consumer products industries. We expect to close the transaction during the fiscal quarter ending July 31, 2001, subject to approval by Marlow's stockholders and other customary conditions.

    On February 27, 2001, we completed the sale of technology and other assets associated with our Opticity product line to ONI Systems, Inc. At the same time, we entered into a supply agreement for certain optical components for ONI's new ONLINE2500™ product incorporating the technology to be purchased from us. Under the terms of the agreement, upon closing, ONI paid us $5 million in cash and 488,624 shares of ONI common stock having a value of approximately $16.3 million based on a closing price of $33.438 per share. Up to an additional $25 million in cash is payable to us upon the achievement of specific post-closing development milestones.


Corporate Information

    Finisar was incorporated in California in April 1987 and reincorporated in Delaware in November 1999. Our principal executive offices are located at 1308 Moffett Park Drive, Sunnyvale, California 94089, our telephone number is (408) 548-1000 and our website is located at www.finisar.com. Information on our website is not a part of this prospectus.

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The Offering

Common stock offered by the selling stockholders   5,418,019 shares
Common stock outstanding   185,592,498 shares
Use of proceeds   We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.
Nasdaq National Market symbol   FNSR

    The number of shares that will be outstanding after the offering is based on the number of shares outstanding as of January 31, 2001 and excludes:

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Summary Financial Data
(in thousands, except per share data)

    The following summary financial data should be read together with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The statement of operations data for the fiscal years ended April 30, 1998, 1999 and 2000 are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The statement of operations data for the fiscal years ended April 30, 1996 and 1997 are derived from unaudited consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. The statement of operations data for the nine month periods ended January 31, 2000 and 2001 and the balance sheet data as of January 31, 2001 are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
  Fiscal Year Ended April 30,
  Nine Months Ended January 31,
 
 
  1996
  1997
  1998
  1999
  2000
  2000
  2001
 
Statement of Operations Data:                                            
Revenues   $ 5,660   $ 8,457   $ 22,067   $ 35,471   $ 67,147   $ 46,466   $ 136,566  
Gross profit     2,538     5,019     13,362     19,957     32,957     24,214     51,963  
Income (loss) from operations     700     1,374     7,094     5,221     2,983     2,695     (49,407) (2)
Net income (loss)     463     947     4,359     3,045     2,881     1,209     (43,191) (2)
Net income (loss) per share(1):                                            
  Basic   $ 0.00   $ 0.01   $ 0.03   $ 0.03   $ 0.03   $ 0.01   $ (0.27 )
  Diluted   $ 0.00   $ 0.01   $ 0.03   $ 0.02   $ 0.02   $ 0.01   $ (0.27 )
Shares used in per share calculations(1):                                            
  Basic     132,000     132,000     131,259     110,580     113,930     103,884     157,205  
  Diluted     132,000     132,000     131,259     134,814     144,102     138,087     157,205  
 
  April 30, 2000
  January 31, 2001
Balance Sheet Data:            
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments   $ 320,735   $ 199,999
Working capital     342,711     315,450
Total assets     365,042     930,732
Notes payable, long-term portion, deferred income taxes and other
long-term liabilities
    524     44,894
Total stockholders' equity     352,422     852,254

(1)
See Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements for a description of the computation of the number of shares and net income per share.

(2)
Includes an in-process research and development charge of $28.8 million, amortization of developed technology of $5.2 million and amortization of intangible assets of $27.5 million related to the acquisitions of Sensors Unlimited, Inc. and Demeter Technologies, Inc.

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RISK FACTORS

    You should carefully consider the risks described below before making a decision to buy our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business could be harmed, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment. You should also refer to the other information contained in this prospectus, including our financial statements and the related notes.

Our future revenues are unpredictable, our operating results are likely to fluctuate from quarter to quarter, and if we fail to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price could decline significantly.

    Our quarterly and annual operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate significantly in the future due to a variety of factors, some of which are outside of our control. Accordingly, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of future performance. Some of the factors that could cause our quarterly or annual operating results to fluctuate include market acceptance of our products and the Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel standards, market demand for the products manufactured by our customers, product development and production, competitive pressures and customer retention.

    We may experience a delay in generating or recognizing revenues for a number of reasons. Orders at the beginning of each quarter typically do not equal expected revenues for that quarter and are generally cancelable at any time. Accordingly, we depend on obtaining orders during a quarter for shipment in that quarter to achieve our revenue objectives. Failure to ship these products by the end of a quarter may adversely affect our operating results. Furthermore, our customer agreements typically provide that the customer may delay scheduled delivery dates and cancel orders within specified time frames without significant penalty. Because we base our operating expenses on anticipated revenue trends and a high percentage of our expenses are fixed in the short term, any delay in generating or recognizing forecasted revenues could significantly harm our business.

    It is likely that in some future quarters our operating results may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. In this event, the trading price of our common stock would significantly decline.

Our success is dependent on the continued development of the emerging high-speed LAN, SAN, CATV network and extended network markets.

    Our optical subsystem and network performance test system products are used exclusively in high-speed local area networks, or LANs, storage area networks, or SANs, cable television, or CATV, networks and extended networks. Accordingly, widespread adoption of high-speed LANs, SANs and extended networks and the adoption of digital return path technology for CATV network applications is critical to our future success. The markets for high-speed LANs, SANs, CATV networks and extended networks have only recently begun to develop and are rapidly evolving. Because these markets are new and evolving, it is difficult to predict their potential size or future growth rate. Potential end-user customers who have invested substantial resources in their existing data storage and management systems may be reluctant or slow to adopt a new approach, like high-speed LANs, SANs, CATV networks or extended networks particularly during periods of economic slowness. Our success in generating revenue in these emerging markets will depend, among other things, on the growth of these markets. There is significant uncertainty as to whether these markets ultimately will develop or, if they do develop, that they will develop rapidly. If the markets for high-speed LANs, SANs, CATV networks or extended networks fail to develop or develop more slowly than expected, or if our products do not achieve widespread market acceptance in these markets, our business would be significantly harmed.

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We will face challenges to our business if our target markets adopt alternate standards to fibre channel and gigabit ethernet technology or if our products fail to comply with evolving industry standards and government regulations.

    We have based our product offerings principally on Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet standards and our future success is substantially dependent on the continued market acceptance of these standards. If an alternative technology is adopted as an industry standard within our target markets, we would have to dedicate significant time and resources to redesign our products to meet this new industry standard. Our products comprise only a part of an entire networking system, and we depend on the companies that provide other components to support industry standards as they evolve. The failure of these companies, many of which are significantly larger than we are, to support these industry standards could negatively impact market acceptance of our products. Moreover, if we introduce a product before an industry standard has become widely accepted, we may incur significant expenses and losses due to lack of customer demand, unusable purchased components for these products and the diversion of our engineers from future product development efforts. In addition, because we may develop some products prior to the adoption of industry standards, we may develop products that do not comply with the eventual industry standard. Our failure to develop products that comply with industry standards would limit our ability to sell our products. Finally, if new standards evolve, we may not be able to successfully design and manufacture new products in a timely fashion, if at all, that meet these new standards.

    In the United States, our products must comply with various regulations and standards defined by the Federal Communications Commission and Underwriters Laboratories. Internationally, products that we develop also will be required to comply with standards established by local authorities in various countries. Failure to comply with existing or evolving standards established by regulatory authorities or to obtain timely domestic or foreign regulatory approvals or certificates could significantly harm our business.

We depend on large purchases from a few significant customers, and any loss, cancellation, reduction or delay in purchases by these customers could harm our business.

    A small number of customers have accounted for a significant portion of our revenues. Our success will depend on our continued ability to develop and manage relationships with significant customers. Sales to Alcatel Networks Corporation (formerly Newbridge Networks Corporation), Brocade Communications Systems, EMC Corporation and Emulex and represented 7.2%, 21.6%, 19.7% and 10.0%, respectively, of our revenues during the nine months ended January 31, 2001. Sales to Newbridge Networks Corporation and EMC Corporation represented 24.5% and 24.0% of our revenues during fiscal 2000 and 25.1% and 24.1% of our revenues during fiscal 1999. Although we are attempting to expand our customer base, we expect that significant customer concentration will continue for the foreseeable future.

    The markets in which we sell our products are dominated by a relatively small number of systems manufacturers, thereby limiting the number of our potential customers. Our dependence on large orders from a relatively small number of customers makes our relationship with each customer critically important to our business. We cannot assure you that we will be able to retain our largest customers, that we will be able to attract additional customers or that our customers will be successful in selling their products that incorporate our products. We have in the past experienced delays and reductions in orders from some of our major customers. Several of our major customers have recently announced that orders for their products are slowing or that they are less certain about the demand for their products in the near future. In addition, our customers have in the past sought price concessions from us and will continue to do so in the future. Further, some of our customers may in the future shift their purchases of products from us to our competitors or to joint ventures between these customers and our competitors. The loss of one or more of our largest customers, any reduction or delay in sales to these

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customers, our inability to successfully develop relationships with additional customers or future price concessions that we may make could significantly harm our business.

Because we do not have long-term contracts with our customers, our customers may cease purchasing our products at any time if we fail to meet our customers' needs.

    We do not have long-term contracts with our customers. As a result, our agreements with our customers do not provide any assurance of future sales. Accordingly:

    Sales are typically made pursuant to individual purchase orders, often with extremely short lead times. If we are unable to fulfill these orders in a timely manner, we will lose sales and customers.

Our market is subject to rapid technological change, and to compete effectively, we must continually introduce new products that achieve market acceptance.

    The markets for our products are characterized by rapid technological change, frequent new product introductions, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. We expect that new technologies will emerge as competition and the need for higher and more cost effective bandwidth increases. Our future performance will depend on the successful development, introduction and market acceptance of new and enhanced products that address these changes as well as current and potential customer requirements. The introduction of new and enhanced products may cause our customers to defer or cancel orders for existing products. We have in the past experienced delays in product development and such delays may occur in the future. Therefore, to the extent customers defer or cancel orders in the expectation of a new product release or there is any delay in development or introduction of our new products or enhancements of our products, our operating results would suffer. We also may not be able to develop the underlying core technologies necessary to create new products and enhancements, or to license these technologies from third parties. Product development delays may result from numerous factors, including:

    The development of new, technologically advanced products is a complex and uncertain process requiring high levels of innovation and highly skilled engineering and development personnel, as well as the accurate anticipation of technological and market trends. We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify, develop, manufacture, market or support new or enhanced products successfully, if at all, or on a timely basis. Further, we cannot assure you that our new products will gain market acceptance or that we will be able to respond effectively to product announcements by competitors, technological changes or emerging industry standards. Any failure to respond to technological change would significantly harm our business.

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Continued competition in our markets may lead to a reduction in our prices, revenues and market share.

    The markets for optical subsystems and network performance test systems for use in LANs, SANs, CATV networks and extended networks are highly competitive. Our current competitors include a number of domestic and international companies, many of which have substantially greater financial, technical, marketing and distribution resources and brand name recognition than we have. We expect that more companies, including some of our customers, will enter the market for optical subsystems and network performance test systems. We may not be able to compete successfully against either current or future competitors. Increased competition could result in significant price erosion, reduced revenue, lower margins or loss of market share, any of which would significantly harm our business. For optical subsystems, we compete primarily with Agilent Technologies, Inc., Infineon Technologies, International Business Machines Corporation, Stratos Lightwave (formerly Methode Electronics), Molex Premise Networks and Vixel Corporation. For network performance test systems, we compete primarily with Ancot Corporation, I-Tech Corporation and Xyratex International. Our competitors continue to introduce improved products with lower prices, and we will have to do the same to remain competitive. In addition, some of our current and potential customers may attempt to integrate their operations by producing their own optical subsystems and network performance test systems or acquiring one of our competitors, thereby eliminating the need to purchase our products. Furthermore, larger companies in other related industries, such as the telecommunications industry, may develop or acquire technologies and apply their significant resources, including their distribution channels and brand name recognition, to capture significant market share.

Decreases in average selling prices of our products may reduce gross margins.

    The market for optical subsystems is characterized by declining average selling prices resulting from factors such as increased competition, the introduction of new products and increased unit volumes as manufacturers continue to deploy network and storage systems. We have in the past experienced, and in the future may experience, substantial period-to-period fluctuations in operating results due to declining average selling prices. We anticipate that average selling prices will decrease in the future in response to product introductions by competitors or us, or by other factors, including price pressures from significant customers. Therefore, we must continue to develop and introduce on a timely basis new products that incorporate features that can be sold at higher average selling prices. Failure to do so could cause our revenues and gross margins to decline, which would significantly harm our business.

    We may be unable to reduce the cost of our products sufficiently to enable us to compete with others. Our cost reduction efforts may not allow us to keep pace with competitive pricing pressures or lead to improved gross margins. In order to remain competitive, we must continually reduce the cost of manufacturing our products through design and engineering changes. We may not be successful in redesigning our products or delivering our products to market in a timely manner. We cannot assure you that any redesign will result in sufficient cost reductions to allow us to reduce the price of our products to remain competitive or improve our gross margin.

Shifts in our product mix may result in declines in gross margins.

    Our gross profit margins vary among our product families, and our gross margins are generally higher on our network performance test systems than on our optical subsystems. Our gross margins are generally lower for newly introduced products and improve as unit volumes increase. Our overall gross margins have fluctuated from period to period as a result of shifts in product mix, the introduction of new products, decreases in average selling prices for older products and our ability to reduce product costs. As a result of a significant growth in sales of optical subsystem products over the past several quarters, including sales of new products to a number of new customers, we have experienced a

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sustained product shift toward a greater percentage of optical subsystem products resulting in a decline in overall gross margins.

We are subject to pending legal proceedings.

    In April 1999, Methode Electronics, a manufacturer of electronic component devices, filed a lawsuit against us and another manufacturer, Hewlett-Packard Co., alleging that our optoelectronic products infringe four patents held by Methode. The original complaint sought monetary damages and injunctive relief. Methode has amended its complaint to add another manufacturer as an additional defendant, to allege infringement of a fifth Methode patent and to allege that we breached our obligations under a license and supply agreement with Methode by failing to provide Methode with unspecified information regarding new technology related to the products licensed under the agreement. The amended complaint seeks additional compensatory damages of at least $224.3 million plus interest for the alleged breach of contract. On June 5, 2000, Methode transferred the patents at issue in the litigation, as well as a number of other patents, to Stratos Lightwave LLC, and on June 21, 2000, Stratos Lightwave LLC transferred the same patents to Stratos Lightwave, Inc. Methode has made a motion to add Stratos Lightwave, Inc. to the lawsuit as an additional plaintiff. In September 2000, Methode and Stratos Lightwave filed an additional lawsuit against us, alleging infringement of a sixth patent, which issued in August, 2000. This patent is a reissue of a previous patent that is the parent of four of the five patents that are the subject of the original lawsuit filed by Methode against Finisar. In January 2001, Methode and Stratos Lightwave filed a third lawsuit against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that our optoelectronic products infringe a seventh patent, which issued in July 1998. This patent is not directly related to the patents at issue in the first two lawsuits, but instead is directed to a different aspect of the same optoelectronic products that are in dispute in the other lawsuits.

    We believe that we have strong defenses against Methode's lawsuits, and we have filed counterclaims against Methode and Stratos Lightwave. Portions of our counterclaims in the first lawsuit, based on principles of state law, were dismissed in May 2000 on grounds of federal preemption; however, our basic claims of ownership of the patents remain subject to our pending counterclaim.

    We intend to defend Methode's lawsuits and pursue our counterclaims vigorously. However, the litigation is in the preliminary stage, and we cannot predict its outcome with certainty. The litigation process is inherently uncertain and we may not prevail. Patent litigation is particularly complex and can extend for a protracted time, which can substantially increase the cost of such litigation. In connection with the Methode litigation, we have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, substantial legal fees and expenses. The Methode litigation has also diverted, and is expected to continue to divert, the efforts and attention of some of our key management and technical personnel. As a result, our defense of this litigation, regardless of its eventual outcome, has been, and will likely continue to be, costly and time consuming. Should the outcome of the litigation be adverse to us, we could be required to pay significant monetary damages to Methode and could be enjoined from selling those of our products found to infringe Methode's patents unless and until we are able to negotiate a license from Methode. In the event that we obtain a license from Methode, we would likely be required to make royalty payments with respect to sales of our products covered by the license. Any such royalty payments would increase our cost of revenues and reduce our gross profit. If we are required to pay significant monetary damages, are enjoined from selling any of our products or are required to make substantial royalty payments pursuant to any such license agreement, our business would be significantly harmed.

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Our customers often evaluate our products for long and variable periods, which causes the timing of our revenues and results of operations to be unpredictable.

    The period of time between our initial contact with a customer and the receipt of an actual purchase order may span a year or more. During this time, customers may perform, or require us to perform, extensive and lengthy evaluation and testing of our products before purchasing and using them in their equipment. Our customers do not typically share information on the duration or magnitude of these qualification procedures. The length of these qualification processes also may vary substantially by product and customer, and, thus, cause our results of operations to be unpredictable. While our potential customers are qualifying our products and before they place an order with us, we may incur substantial sales and marketing expenses and expend significant management effort. Even after incurring such costs we ultimately may not sell any products to such potential customers. In addition, these qualification processes often make it difficult to obtain new customers, as customers are reluctant to expend the resources necessary to qualify a new supplier if they have one or more existing qualified sources. Once our products have been qualified, our agreements with our customers have no minimum purchase commitments. Failure of our customers to incorporate our products into their systems would significantly harm our business.

We depend on contract manufacturers for substantially all of our assembly requirements, and if these manufacturers fail to provide us with adequate supplies of high-quality products, our competitive position, reputation and business could be harmed.

    We currently rely on four contract manufacturers for substantially all of our assembly requirements. We do not have long term contracts with any of these manufacturers. We have experienced delays in product shipments from contract manufacturers in the past, which in turn delayed product shipments to our customers. We may in the future experience similar delays or other problems, such as inferior quality and insufficient quantity of product, any of which could significantly harm our business. We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively manage our contract manufacturers or that these manufacturers will meet our future requirements for timely delivery of products of sufficient quality and quantity. We intend to regularly introduce new products and product enhancements, which will require that we rapidly achieve volume production by coordinating our efforts with those of our suppliers and contract manufacturers. The inability of our contract manufacturers to provide us with adequate supplies of high-quality products or the loss of any of our contract manufacturers would cause a delay in our ability to fulfill orders while we obtain a replacement manufacturer and would significantly harm our business.

    If the demand for our products grows, we will need to increase our material purchases, contract manufacturing capacity and internal test and quality assurance functions. Any disruptions in product flow could limit our revenue, adversely affect our competitive position and reputation and result in additional costs or cancellation of orders under agreements with our customers.

    In addition, we have recently begun outsourcing a portion of our contract manufacturing internationally, and we intend to increase the use of international contract manufacturers over time. Additional risks associated with international contract manufacturing include:

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    Any of these factors could significantly impair our ability to source our contract manufacturing requirements internationally.

We may lose sales if our suppliers fail to meet our needs.

    We currently purchase several key components used in the manufacture of our products from single or limited sources. We depend on these sources to meet our needs. Moreover, we depend on the quality of the products supplied to us over which we have limited control. We have encountered shortages and delays in obtaining components in the past and expect to encounter shortages and delays in the future. If we cannot supply products due to a lack of components, or are unable to redesign products with other components in a timely manner, our business will be significantly harmed. We have no long-term or short-term contracts for any of our components. As a result, a supplier can discontinue supplying components to us without penalty. If a supplier discontinued supplying a component, our business may be harmed by the resulting product manufacturing and delivery delays.

    We use rolling forecasts based on anticipated product orders to determine our component requirements. Lead times for materials and components that we order vary significantly and depend on factors such as specific supplier requirements, contract terms and current market demand for particular components. If we overestimate our component requirements, we may have excess inventory, which would increase our costs. If we underestimate our component requirements, we may have inadequate inventory, which could interrupt our manufacturing and delay delivery of our products to our customers. Any of these occurrences would significantly harm our business.

We are dependent on widespread market acceptance of two product families, and our revenues will decline if the market does not continue to accept either of these product families.

    We currently derive substantially all of our revenue from sales of our optical subsystems and network performance test systems. We expect that revenue from these products will continue to account for substantially all of our revenue for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, widespread acceptance of these products is critical to our future success. If the market does not continue to accept either our optical subsystems or our network performance test systems, our revenues will decline significantly. Factors that may affect the market acceptance of our products include the continued growth of the markets for LANs, SANs, CATV networks and extended versions of these networks and, in particular, Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel-based technologies as well as the performance, price and total cost of ownership of our products and the availability, functionality and price of competing products and technologies. Many of these factors are beyond our control. In addition, in order to achieve widespread market acceptance, we must differentiate ourselves from the competition through product offerings and brand name recognition. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in making this differentiation or achieving widespread acceptance of our products. Failure of our existing or future products to maintain and achieve widespread levels of market acceptance will significantly impair our revenue growth.

Because of intense competition for technical personnel, we may not be able to recruit or retain necessary personnel.

    We believe our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, technical, sales and marketing, finance and manufacturing personnel. In particular, we will need to increase the number of technical staff members with experience in high-speed networking applications as we further develop our product lines. Competition for these highly skilled employees in our industry is intense. Our failure to attract and retain these qualified employees could

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significantly harm our business. The loss of the services of any of our qualified employees, the inability to attract or retain qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring required personnel could hinder the development and introduction of and negatively impact our ability to sell our products. In addition, employees may leave our company and subsequently compete against us. Moreover, companies in our industry whose employees accept positions with competitors frequently claim that their competitors have engaged in unfair hiring practices. We have been subject to claims of this type and may be subject to such claims in the future as we seek to hire qualified personnel. Some of these claims may result in material litigation. We could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves against these claims, regardless of their merits.

Continued rapid growth will strain our operations and require us to incur costs to upgrade our infrastructure.

    We have experienced a period of rapid growth, which has placed a significant strain on our resources. Unless we manage our growth effectively, we may make mistakes in operating our business, such as inaccurate sales forecasting, material planning and financial reporting, which may result in fluctuations in our operating results and cause the price of our stock to decline. We plan to continue to expand our operations significantly. This anticipated growth will continue to place a significant strain on our management and operational resources. In order to manage our growth effectively, we must implement and improve our operational systems, procedures and controls on a timely basis. If we cannot manage growth effectively, our business could be significantly harmed.

Our products may contain defects that may cause us to incur significant costs, divert our attention from product development efforts and result in a loss of customers.

    Networking products frequently contain undetected software or hardware defects when first introduced or as new versions are released. Our products are complex and defects may be found from time to time. In addition, our products are often embedded in or deployed in conjunction with our customers' products which incorporate a variety of components produced by third parties. As a result, when problems occur, it may be difficult to identify the source of the problem. These problems may cause us to incur significant damages or warranty and repair costs, divert the attention of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts and cause significant customer relation problems or loss of customers, all of which would harm our business.

Our failure to protect our intellectual property may significantly harm our business.

    Our success and ability to compete is dependent in part on our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality agreements and licensing arrangements, to establish and protect our proprietary rights. To date, we have relied primarily on proprietary processes and know-how to protect our intellectual property. Although we have filed for several patents, some of which have issued, we cannot assure you that any patents will issue as a result of pending patent applications or that our issued patents will be upheld. Any infringement of our proprietary rights could result in significant litigation costs, and any failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights could result in our competitors offering similar products, potentially resulting in loss of a competitive advantage and decreased revenues. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, existing patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws afford only limited protection. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Attempts may be made to copy or reverse engineer aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Accordingly, we may not be able to prevent misappropriation of our technology or deter others from developing similar technology. Furthermore, policing the unauthorized use of our products is difficult. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the

13


validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could significantly harm our business.

Claims that we infringe third-party intellectual property rights could result in significant expenses or restrictions on our ability to sell our products.

    The networking industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent litigation based on allegations of patent infringement. We are currently involved in a series of related patent infringement lawsuits. For a more detailed discussion of these lawsuits, please refer to "—We are subject to pending legal proceedings." In addition, from time to time, other parties may assert patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights to technologies and in various jurisdictions that are important to our business. Any claims asserting that our products infringe or may infringe proprietary rights of third parties, if determined adversely to us, could significantly harm our business. Any claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel, cause product shipment delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any of which could significantly harm our business. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In addition, our agreements with our customers typically require us to indemnify our customers from any expense or liability resulting from claimed infringement of third party intellectual property rights. In the event a claim against us was successful and we could not obtain a license to the relevant technology on acceptable terms or license a substitute technology or redesign our products to avoid infringement, our business would be significantly harmed.

If we are unable to expand our direct sales operation and reseller distribution channels or successfully manage our expanded sales organization, our ability to increase our revenues will be harmed.

    Historically, we have relied primarily on a limited direct sales organization, supported by third party manufacturers' representatives, to sell our products domestically and on indirect distribution channels to sell our products internationally. Our distribution strategy focuses primarily on developing and expanding our direct sales organization in North America and our indirect distribution channels internationally. We may not be able to successfully expand our direct sales organization and the cost of any expansion may exceed the revenue generated. To the extent that we are successful in expanding our direct sales organization, we cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against the significantly larger and well-funded sales and marketing operations of many of our current or potential competitors. In addition, if we fail to develop relationships with significant international resellers or domestic manufacturers' representatives, or if these resellers or representatives are not successful in their sales or marketing efforts, sales of our products may decrease and our business would be significantly harmed. We have granted exclusive rights to substantially all of our resellers to sell our product and to our representatives to market our products in their specified territories. Our resellers and representatives may not market our products effectively or continue to devote the resources necessary to provide us with effective sales, marketing and technical support. Our inability to effectively manage the expansion of our domestic sales and support staff or maintain existing or establish new relationships with domestic manufacturer representatives and international resellers would harm our business.

Recent, pending and future acquisitions could be difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and harm our operating results.

    In October 2000, we completed the acquisition of Sensors Unlimited, Inc. In November 2000, we completed the acquisition of Demeter Technologies, Inc. In March 2001, we completed the acquisition of Medusa Technologies, Inc. In November 2000, we entered into separate agreements to acquire Transwave Fiber, Inc. and Shomiti Systems, Inc. In February 2001, we entered into an agreement to

14


acquire Marlow Industries, Inc. We currently anticipate that the acquisitions of Transwave and Shomiti will close in the quarter ending April 30, 2001 and that the acquisition of Marlow will close during the quarter ending July 31, 2001. We expect to continue to review opportunities to buy other businesses, products or technologies that would complement our current products, expand the breadth of our markets or enhance our technical capabilities, or that may otherwise offer growth opportunities. We have issued stock to acquire Sensors and Demeter and expect to issue stock to complete the acquisitions of Shomiti, Transwave and Marlow. The issuance of stock in these transactions dilutes existing stockholders' percentage ownership. If we make any future acquisitions, we could issue stock that would dilute existing stockholders' percentage ownership, incur substantial debt or assume contingent liabilities.

    Our experience in acquiring other business and technologies is limited. These recent, pending and potential acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:

    We cannot assure you that we would be successful in overcoming problems encountered in connection with such acquisitions, and our inability to do so could significantly harm our business.

Our executive officers and directors and entities affiliated with them own a large percentage of our voting stock, which could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in our control.

    As of January 31, 2001, our executive officers, directors and entities affiliated with them beneficially owned approximately 63.3 million shares or 34% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. These stockholders, acting together, may be able to effectively control matters requiring approval by stockholders, including the election or removal of directors and the approval of mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in our control or otherwise discouraging a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of us, which in turn could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock or prevent our stockholders from realizing a premium over the market price for their shares of common stock.

If we are unable to expand our international operations or manage them effectively, our business would be significantly harmed.

    Historically, substantially all of our sales have been made to customers in North America. To address expanding international markets, we have recently established relationships with distributors in Japan, the United Kingdom, Israel, Germany and Korea. The growth of our distribution channels outside of North America will be subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including:

15


    Any of these factors could significantly harm our existing international operations and business or significantly impair our ability to expand into international markets.

    We have recently entered into an agreement to acquire and operate our own facility in Malaysia for the purpose of manufacturing a portion of our products in order to reduce costs and better protect our intellectual property. Our ability to effectively operate and manage this facility is highly dependent on the risks and uncertainties summarized above.

    Our international sales currently are U.S. dollar-denominated. As a result, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products less competitive in international markets. In the future, we may elect to invoice some of our international customers in local currency. Doing so will subject us to fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the particular local currency.

Delaware law and our charter documents contain provisions that could discourage or prevent a potential takeover, even if such a transaction would be beneficial to our stockholders.

    Some provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that a stockholder may consider favorable. These provisions include:

    You should read the section entitled "Description of Capital Stock" for a more detailed discussion of these anti-takeover provisions.

Our headquarters and most of our contract manufacturers are located in Northern California where natural disasters may occur.

    Currently, our corporate headquarters and most of our contract manufacturers are located in Northern California. Northern California historically has been vulnerable to natural disasters and other risks, such as earthquakes, fires and floods, which at times have disrupted the local economy and posed physical risks to our and our manufacturers' property. We presently do not have redundant, multiple site capacity in the event of a natural disaster. In the event of such disaster, our business would suffer.

Our stock price is volatile and you may be unable to resell your shares at or above your purchase price.

    The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated substantially since our initial public offering in November 1999. The stock market in general, and the Nasdaq National Market and stocks of

16


technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. This volatility is often unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and industry factors may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company's securities, securities class-action litigation has often been initiated against these companies. This litigation, if initiated, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management's attention and resources, which would significantly harm our business.

17



FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

    This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. We use words like "anticipates," "believes," "plans," "expects," "future," "intends" and similar expressions to identify these forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, including:

    In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this prospectus might not occur. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information or future events.


USE OF PROCEEDS

    We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.


DIVIDEND POLICY

    We have never paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain future earnings to finance the growth and development of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, the terms of our bank credit agreement currently prohibit the payment of dividends on our capital stock.


PRICE RANGE OF OUR COMMON STOCK

    Since our initial public offering on November 11, 1999, our common stock has traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "FNSR." The following table sets forth the range of high and low closing sales prices of our common stock for the periods indicated:

 
  High
  Low
Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2000            
  Third Quarter (from November 11, 1999)   $ 42.33   $ 20.75
  Fourth Quarter   $ 61.73   $ 19.17
Fiscal Year Ending April 30, 2001            
  First Quarter   $ 48.50   $ 23.13
  Second Quarter   $ 48.38   $ 24.25
  Third Quarter   $ 39.98   $ 22.13
  Fourth Quarter (through March 22, 2001)   $ 38.19   $ 10.44

    On March 22, 2001, the last reported sale price for our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market was $13.00 per share.

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CAPITALIZATION

    The following table sets forth our short-term debt and capitalization as of January 31, 2001:

 
January 31, 2001
 
 
(in thousands,
except share data)

 
Short-term debt and current portion of capital lease obligations $ 825  
 
 
Notes payable, long-term portion, deferred income taxes and other long-term liabilities $ 44,894  
Stockholders' equity:      
  Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding    
  Common stock, $0.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized, 176,111,466 shares issued and outstanding(1)   176  
  Additional paid-in capital   942,174  
  Notes receivable from stockholders   (2,269 )
  Deferred stock compensation   (26,106 )
  Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)   900  
  Accumulated deficit   (62,621 )
 
 
  Total stockholders' equity   852,254  
 
 
Total capitalization $ 897,148  
 
 

(1)
Excludes:

9,481,032 shares of common stock deposited into escrow pursuant to the reorganization agreement with Sensors, which may be released from escrow subject to the achievement of specific development milestones.

11,070,606 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options outstanding at January 31, 2001 under our 1989 and 1999 stock option plans, with a weighted average exercise price of $14.34 per share, and an additional 8,316,975 shares reserved for issuance under our 1999 stock option plan as of January 31, 2001;

947,990 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options assumed in connection with our acquisitions of Sensors and Demeter, with a combined weighted average exercise price of $0.77 per share; and

270,175 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 1999 employee stock purchase plan as of January 31, 2001.

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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

    You should read the following selected financial data in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The statement of operations data set forth below for the years ended April 30, 1998, 1999 and 2000 and the balance sheet data as of April 30, 1999 and 2000 are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The statement of operations data for the year ended April 30, 1997 and the balance sheet data as of April 30, 1997 and 1998 are derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. The statement of operations data set forth below for the year ended April 30, 1996 and the balance sheet data as of April 30, 1996 are derived from unaudited consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. The statement of operations data set forth below for the nine month periods ended January 31, 2000 and 2001 and the balance sheet data as of January 31, 2001 are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include all normal recurring adjustments that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of our consolidated financial position and results of operations. The results of operations for the nine months ended January 31, 2001 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full fiscal year ending April 30, 2001, or any other future period.

 
  Fiscal Year Ended April 30,
  Nine Months Ended January 31,
 
 
  1996
  1997
  1998
  1999
  2000
  2000
  2001
 
 
  (in thousands, except per share data)

 
Statement of Operations Data:                                            
  Revenues   $ 5,660   $ 8,457   $ 22,067   $ 35,471   $ 67,147   $ 46,466   $ 136,566  
  Cost of revenues     3,122     3,438     8,705     15,514     34,190     22,252     79,436  
  Amortization of acquired developed technology                             5,167  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Gross profit     2,538     5,019     13,362     19,957     32,957     24,214     51,963  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Operating expenses:                                            
    Research and development     1,442     2,536     3,806     7,864     13,806     10,051     20,890  
    Sales and marketing     116     645     1,629     4,145     7,122     5,080     11,304  
    General and administrative     280     464     833     2,299     3,516     2,597     6,427  
    Amortization of deferred stock compensation                 428     5,530     3,791     5,343  
    Acquisition of in-process research and development                             28,797  
    Amortization of acquired intangible assets                             27,482  
    Other acquisition costs                             1,127  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total operating expenses     1,838     3,645     6,268     14,736     29,974     21,519     101,370  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Income (loss) from operations     700     1,374     7,094     5,221     2,983     2,695     (49,407 )
  Interest income (expense), net     10     13     5     (275 )   3,252     1,169     11,659  
  Other income (expense), net             (25 )   (28 )   (99 )   (72 )   454  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Income (loss) before income taxes     710     1,387     7,074     4,918     6,136     3,792     (37,294 )
  Provision for income taxes     247     440     2,715     1,873     3,255     2,583     5,897  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net income (loss)   $ 463   $ 947   $ 4,359   $ 3,045   $ 2,881   $ 1,209   $ (43,191 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net income (loss) per share:                                            
  Basic   $ 0.00   $ 0.01   $ 0.03   $ 0.03   $ 0.03   $ 0.01   $ (0.27 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Diluted   $ 0.00   $ 0.01   $ 0.03   $ 0.02   $ 0.02   $ 0.01   $ (0.27 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Shares used in per share calculations:                                            
  Basic     132,000     132,000     131,259     110,580     113,930     103,884     157,205  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Diluted     132,000     132,000     132,259     134,814     144,102     138,087     157,205  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  April 30,
   
 
  January 31, 2001
 
  1996
  1997
  1998
  1999
  2000
 
  (in thousands)

Balance Sheet Data:                                    
  Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments   $ 772   $ 422   $ 722   $ 5,044   $ 320,735   $ 199,999
  Working capital     856     1,685     5,730     13,011     342,711     315,450
  Total assets     1,948     2,987     7,761     20,955     365,042     930,732
  Long-term portion of note payable and capital lease obligations,
deferred income taxes and other long-term liabilities
            416     11,032     524     44,894
  Convertible redeemable preferred stock                 26,260        
  Total stockholders' equity (deficit)     1,141     2,088     6,447     (21,503 )   352,422     852,254

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

    The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ substantially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus. The following discussion should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Overview

    We are a leading provider of fiber optic subsystems and network performance test systems which enable high-speed data communications over Gigabit Ethernet local area networks, or LANs, Fibre Channel storage area networks, or SANs, and wide-area and metropolitan data networking applications, or WANs and MANs. We are focused on the application of digital fiber optics to provide a broad line of high-performance, reliable, value-added optical subsystems for networking and storage equipment manufacturers. Our line of optical subsystems supports a wide range of network applications, transmission speeds, distances and mediums. We also provide unique network performance test systems which assist networking and storage equipment manufacturers in the design of reliable, high-speed networking systems and the testing and monitoring of the performance of these systems.

    We were incorporated in 1987 and funded our initial product development efforts largely through revenues derived under research and development contracts. After shipping our first products in 1991, we continued to finance our operations principally through internal cash flow and periodic bank borrowings until November 1998. At that time we raised $5.6 million of net proceeds from the sale of equity securities and bank borrowings to fund the continued growth and development of our business. In November 1999, we received net proceeds of $151 million from the initial public offering of shares of our common stock, and in April 2000 we received $191 million from an additional public offering of shares of our common stock.

    We have acquired three companies and entered into agreements to acquire three other companies during fiscal 2001 in order to gain access to new technologies which can be used in conjunction with our existing core competencies to develop new and innovative products. We anticipate that we will enter into additional agreements in the future to acquire other companies (see discussion below).

    Our revenues are derived principally from sales of our optical subsystems and network performance test systems to networking and storage systems manufacturers. Sales to our two largest customers accounted for 48.5% of our revenues for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2000 and 41.3%, of our revenues for the nine months ended January 31, 2001. Although we are attempting to expand our customer base, we expect that significant customer concentration will continue for the foreseeable future.

    We sell our products through our direct sales force, with the support of our manufacturers' representatives, directly to domestic customers and indirectly through distribution channels to international customers. We recognize revenues at the time of shipment. The evaluation and qualification cycle prior to the initial sale for our optical subsystems may span a year or more, while the sales cycle for our test systems is usually considerably shorter. Historically, substantially all of our sales have been made to customers in North America. To address expanding international markets, we have recently established relationships with distributors in Japan, the United Kingdom, Israel, Germany and Korea.

    The market for optical subsystems is characterized by declining average selling prices resulting from factors such as increased competition, the introduction of new products and a rapid growth in unit volumes as manufacturers continue to deploy network and storage systems. We anticipate that our

22


average selling prices for existing products will continue to decrease in future periods, although the timing and amount of these decreases cannot be predicted with any certainty.

    Our cost of revenues consists of materials, salaries and related expenses for manufacturing personnel, manufacturing overhead and warranty expense. We outsource the majority of our assembly operations, and we conduct manufacturing engineering, supply chain management, quality assurance and documentation control at our facilities in Sunnyvale, California, El Monte, California and Princeton, New Jersey. Accordingly, a significant portion of our cost of revenues consists of payments to our contract manufacturers.

    Our gross margins are generally lower for our optical subsystems than for our test systems. Gross margins are also generally lower for newly introduced products and improve as unit volumes increase. As a result, our overall gross margins have fluctuated from period to period as a result of shifts in product mix, the introduction of new products, decreases in average selling prices for older products and our ability to reduce product costs. During the four quarters ended July 31, 2000, we experienced a general decline in our average gross margins primarily due to the shift in the mix of products sold toward optical subsystems. Gross margins increased during the two quarters ended January 31, 2001 due to our ongoing efforts to reduce product costs and the impact of consolidating the results of Sensors during the quarter ended January 31, 2001. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to reduce our cost of revenues going forward to keep pace with anticipated decreases in average selling prices.

    Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for design engineers and other technical personnel, the cost of developing prototypes and fees paid to consultants. We charge all research and development expenses to operations as incurred. We believe that continued investment in research and development is critical to our long-term success. Accordingly, we expect that our research and development expenses will increase in future periods.

    Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of commissions paid to manufacturers' representatives, salaries and related expenses for personnel engaged in sales, marketing and field support activities and other costs associated with the promotion of our products. We intend to pursue aggressive selling and marketing campaigns and to expand our direct sales organization. We therefore expect that our sales and marketing expenses will increase in future periods.

    General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for administrative, finance and human resources personnel, professional fees and other corporate expenses. We expect that, in support of our continued growth and our operations as a public company, general and administrative expenses will continue to increase for the foreseeable future. General and administrative expenses are also likely to be affected in future periods by significant legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with pending patent litigation.

    In connection with the grant of stock options to employees between August 1, 1998 and October 15, 1999, we recorded deferred stock compensation of $2.4 million in fiscal 1999 and $13.0 million in fiscal 2000, representing the difference between the deemed value of our common stock for accounting purposes and the option exercise price of these options at the date of grant. We recorded an additional $8.7 million and $13.3 million of deferred compensation in conjunction with the acquisition of Sensors on October 17, 2000 and Demeter on November 21, 2000. Deferred stock compensation is presented as a reduction of stockholder's equity. We amortized $6.0 million of deferred compensation through April 30, 2000 and an additional $5.3 million through the nine months ended January 31, 2001. We expect to record additional amortization expense relating to deferred stock compensation in future periods although the amount of such deferred compensation could decrease if options for which accrued but unvested compensation has been recorded are forfeited.

23


Recent and Pending Acquisitions

    In October 2000, we completed the acquisition of Sensors Unlimited, Inc., a supplier of optical components that monitor the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexing, or DWDM, systems. We acquired Sensors in exchange for approximately 9.5 million shares of our common stock, including shares issuable upon the exercise of options assumed in the transaction, and the contingent obligation to deliver up to 9.5 million shares upon the achievement of certain milestones and additional shares valued at approximately $48 million upon the satisfaction of certain other conditions. The initial purchase cost, consisting of the value of the shares initially issued, the cost of assuming outstanding Sensors options and estimated transaction expenses, totaled $355 million. The value of the additional, contingently deliverable shares will be recorded at the then current market prices when the milestones are achieved and the other conditions are satisfied. The transaction was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The initial purchase cost was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed according to their respective values, and the balance of $288 million was allocated to goodwill. We recorded an expense of $22.8 million during the quarter ended October 31, 2000, representing the portion of the initial purchase cost allocated to in-process research and development. Our financial statements include the operating results of Sensors subsequent to September 30, 2000.

    In November 2000, we completed the acquisition of Demeter Technologies, Inc., a developer of long wavelength Fabry Perot and distributed feedback lasers for data communications and telecommunications applications, in exchange for approximately 6.6 million shares of our common stock, including shares issuable upon the exercise of options assumed in the transaction. The purchase cost, consisting of the value of the shares issued, the cost of assuming outstanding Demeter options and estimated transaction expenses, totaled $187 million. The transaction was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The purchase cost was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed according to their respective fair values, and the balance of $151 million was allocated to goodwill. We recorded an expense of $6.0 million during the quarter ended January 31, 2001, representing the portion of the purchase cost allocated to in-process research and development. Our financial statements include the operating results of Demeter subsequent to November 1, 2000.

    In March 2001, we completed the acquisition of Medusa Technologies, Inc., a provider of training and testing services focusing on Fibre Channel and other networking technologies, for a cash purchase price of $7.0 million. The transaction will be accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Our financial statements will include the operating results of Medusa subsequent to March 1, 2001.

    In November 2000, we entered into an agreement to acquire Transwave Fiber, Inc., a developer of passive optical products for data communications and telecommunications applications. Under the terms of the agreement, which was amended in March 2000, Transwave stockholders will be entitled to receive approximately 1.1 million shares of our Series A Preferred Stock (which are convertible into approximately 3.2 million shares of common stock), including shares issuable upon exercise of options to be assumed in the transaction. One-third of the shares will be deposited in escrow and released to the former Transwave stockholders upon the achievement of certain financial and technical milestones during a three-year period following the completion of the merger. The transaction will be accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The transaction is subject to approval by Transwave's

24


stockholders, receipt of governmental approvals and other customary conditions and is expected to close during the quarter ending April 30, 2001.

    In November 2000, we entered into an agreement to acquire Shomiti Systems, Inc., a developer of products which measure the performance of Ethernet networks in order to enhance their quality of service. Under the terms of the agreement, which was amended in February 2001, Shomiti stockholders will be entitled to receive approximately 1.3 million shares of our Series A Preferred Stock (which are convertible into approximately 3.8 million shares of common stock), including shares issuable upon exercise of options to be assumed in the transaction. The transaction will be accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The transaction is subject to approval by Shomiti's stockholders, receipt of governmental approvals and other customary conditions and is expected to close during the quarter ending April 30, 2001.

    In February 2001, we entered into an agreement to acquire Marlow Industries, Inc., a designer and manufacturer of thermoelectric coolers for a variety of telecommunications applications as well as for defense, space, photonics and medical applications. Under the terms of the agreement, Marlow stockholders will be entitled to receive $30 million in cash and approximately 13.0 million shares of our common stock, including shares issuable upon the exercise of options to be assumed in the transaction. The transaction will accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The acquisition is subject to approval by Marlow's shareholders, the approval by our stockholders of an increase in the number of authorized shares of our common stock, receipt of governmental approvals and other customary conditions. In addition, should the average trading price of our common stock during the 10-day period ending one day prior to the closing date for the transaction be less than $16.00, Marlow will have the right to terminate the agreement and not proceed with the acquisition. Subject to the foregoing, the transaction is expected to close during the quarter ending July 31, 2001.

25


Results of Operations

    The following table sets forth certain statement of operations data as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated:

 
  Fiscal Year Ended
April 30,

  Nine Months Ended
January 31,

 
 
  1998
  1999
  2000
  2000
  2001
 
Revenues   100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Cost of revenues   39.4   43.7   50.9   47.9   58.2  
Amortization of acquired developed technology           3.8  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit   60.6   56.3   49.1   52.1 % 38.0 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:                      
  Research and development   17.2   22.2   20.6   21.6   15.3  
  Sales and marketing   7.4   11.7   10.6   10.9   8.3  
  General and administrative   .8   .5   5.3   5.6   4.7  
  Amortization of deferred stock compensation     1.1   8.2   8.2   3.9  
  Acquired in-process research and development           21.1  
  Amortization of acquired intangibles           20.1  
  Other acquisition costs           0.8  
   
 
 
 
 
 
      Total operating expenses   28.4   41.5   44.7   46.3 % 74.2 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from operations   32.2   14.8   4.4   5.8   (36.2 )
Interest income (expense), net   0.0   (0.8 ) 4.8   2.5   8.6  
Other income (expense), net   (0.1 ) (0.1 ) (0.1 ) (0.1 ) 0.3  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes   32.1   13.9   9.1   8.2   (27.3 )
Provision for income taxes   12.3   5.3   4.8   5.6   4.3  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   19.8 % 8.6 % 4.3 % 2.6 % (31.6 )%
   
 
 
 
 
 

    We operate in one reportable segment, the design, manufacture and marketing of fiber optic subsystems and network performance test systems for high-speed data communications. The following is

26


a summary of operations within geographic areas based on the location of the entity purchasing our products (in thousands):

 
  Nine Months Ended January 31,
 
 
  2000
  2001
 
Revenues (thousands):              
  Optical subsystems   $ 31,225   $ 116,411  
  Test instruments     15,241     20,155  
   
 
 
    $ 46,466   $ 136,566  
   
 
 
Geographic coverage (thousands):              
  United States   $ 30,276   $ 115,740  
  Canada     13,829     13,248  
  Rest of the world     2,361     7,578  
   
 
 
    $ 46,466   $ 136,566  
   
 
 
As a percent or revenues:              
  Optical subsystems     67.2 %   85.2 %
  Test instruments     32.8     14.8  
   
 
 
      100.0 %   100.0 %
   
 
 
Geographic coverage:              
  United States     65.1 %   84.8 %
  Canada     29.8     9.7  
  Rest of the world     5.1     5.5  
   
 
 
      100.0 %   100.0 %
   
 
 

    Revenues generated in the U.S. and Canada (collectively, North America) are to customers located in those geographic regions.

Comparison of Nine Months Ended January 31, 2000 and January 31, 2001

    Revenues.  Revenues increased 194% from $46.5 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to $136.6 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2001. This reflects a 273% increase in sales of optical subsystems from $31.2 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to $116.4 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2001 and a 32% increase in sales of test systems from $15.2 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to $20.2 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2001. Of the $85.2 million increase in sales of optical subsystems, $11.2 million is related to the acquisitions of Sensors and Demeter. Sales of optical subsystems represented 85.2% and 67.2%, respectively, in the nine months ended January 31, 2001, and January 31, 2000. Sales of test systems represented 14.8% and 32.8%, respectively, in the same periods.

27


    Sales to principal customers representing 10% or more of total revenues during the nine months ended January 31, 2000 and January 31, 2001 were as follows:

 
  Nine Months
Ended
January 31,

  Nine Months
Ended
January 31,

 
  2000
  2001
  2000
  2001
 
  ($ millions)

  Percentage of Revenues
Alcatel Networks Corporation (formerly Newbridge Networks)   $ 13.5   $ 9.9   29.1%   7.2%
Brocade Communications Systems   $ 0.9   $ 29.6   2.0%   21.6%
EMC   $ 10.0   $ 26.9   21.5%   19.7%
Emulex   $ 2.9   $ 13.7   6.2%   10.0%

    Gross Profit.  Gross profit increased 114.6% from $24.2 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to $52.0 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2001. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit decreased from 52.1% in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to 38.0% in the nine months ended January 31, 2001. The lower gross margin reflects lower average selling prices for optical subsystems as a result of increased shipment levels, a higher percentage of total revenues from the sale of optical subsystems (85.2% in the nine months ended January 31, 2001 compared to 67.2% in the nine months ended January 31, 2000) which generally have lower gross margins than test systems and non-cash charges totaling $5.2 million related to the amortization of acquired developed technology associated with the acquisitions of Sensors and Demeter. Excluding the charges for amortization of acquired developed technology, gross profit as a percent of total revenues was 41.8% in the nine months ended January 31, 2001 compared to 52.1% in the prior year period.

    Research and Development Expenses.  Excluding the non-cash, non-recurring charges for the purchase of in-process research and development, research and development expenses increased 108% from $10.1 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to $20.9 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2001. This increase was primarily related to higher compensation expense resulting from higher manpower levels and increased expenditures for materials purchased for product development programs. Research and development expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased from 21.6% in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to 15.3% in the nine months ended January 31, 2001.

    Sales and Marketing Expenses.  Sales and marketing expenses increased 122.5% from $5.1 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to $11.3 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2001. This increase was primarily due to increases in commissions paid to manufacturers' representatives as a result of increased sales, increases in the number of direct sales and marketing personnel and the additional expenses associated with including the results of Sensors and Demeter. Sales and marketing expenses as a percent of revenues decreased from 10.9% in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to 8.3% in the nine months ended January 31, 2001.

    General and Administrative Expenses.  General and administrative expenses increased 147.5% from $2.6 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to $6.4 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2001. This increase was related to higher compensation expense resulting from higher manpower levels, increased expenses for professional services, primarily legal and accounting services, and including the results of Sensors and Demeter. General and administrative expenses decreased as a percent of revenues from 5.6% in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to 4.7% in the nine months ended January 31, 2001.

    Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation.  Amortization of deferred stock compensation totaled $5.3 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2001 is comprised of $3.5 million related to

28


stock options issued prior to the Company's initial public offering and $1.8 million related to the acquisitions of Sensors and Demeter.

    In-Process Research and Development.  A non-cash charge totaling $28.8 million was recognized in the nine months ended January 31, 2001 for the purchase of in-process research and development at Sensors and Demeter.

    Amortization of Acquired Intangibles.  In conjunction with the acquisitions of Sensors and Demeter, the Company recorded a total of approximately $447.7 million in goodwill and intangible assets which are to be amortized over the next three to five years. The amount of $27.5 million recorded during the nine months ended January 31, 2001, represents four months of amortization of Sensors and three months amortization of Demeter.

    Other Acquisition Costs.  Other acquisition costs for the nine months ended January 31, 2001 totaling $1.1 million are primarily related to retention payment plans associated with the acquisition of Sensors and Demeter. A retention bonus of $2 million is to be paid to the employees of Sensors Unlimited over a three year period, of which $500,000 was paid at closing in October 2000. The remaining $1.5 million is to be paid in three equal installments at the anniversary of the closing to those employees of Sensors as of the closing who continue to remain employees of Sensors or Finisar at the time of payment. An additional charge was recognized during the quarter ended January 31, 2001, in connection with a retention bonus paid to employees of Demeter during the quarter.

    Interest Income (Expense), Net.  Interest income, net of interest expense, of $11.7 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2001, compares to net interest income of $1.2 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2000. The increase in interest income reflects the additional cash raised from two public offerings since October 31, 1999.

    Provision for Income Taxes.  The provision for income taxes increased from $2.6 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to $5.9 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2001. Excluding the nondeductible charges for the amortization of deferred compensation, and all other merger related costs including acquired developed technology, in-process research and development, the amortization of intangible assets, and the related deferred tax benefit the effective tax rate was 34.1% in the nine months ended January 31, 2000 and 30.3% in the nine months ended January 31, 2001.

    The decrease in the effective rate from the nine months ended January 31, 2000 to the nine months ended January 31, 2001 reflects in part the nontaxable nature of a portion of interest income earned. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to state taxes offset by research and development credits and projected benefits from a foreign sales corporation. See Note 8 to our financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended April 30, 2000 and 1999

    Revenues.  Revenues increased 89% from $35.5 million in fiscal 1999 to $67.1 million in fiscal 2000. This reflects a 120% increase in sales of optical subsystems from $21.3 million in fiscal 1999 to $46.8 million in fiscal 2000 and a 43% increase in sales of test systems from $14.2 million in fiscal 1999 to $20.3 million in fiscal 2000. Sales of optical subsystems and test systems represented 69.7% and

29


30.3%, respectively, of total revenues in fiscal 2000, and 59.9% and 40.1%, respectively, in fiscal 1999. Sales to our two principal customers during the last two fiscal years were as follows:

 
  Fiscal Year Ended
April 30,

  Fiscal Year Ended
April 30,

 
 
  1999
  2000
  1999
  2000
 
 
  Sales (in millions)

  Percentage of Revenues

 
Newbridge Networks   $ 8.9   $ 16.5   25.1 % 24.5 %
EMC   $ 8.5   $ 16.1   24.1 % 24.0 %

    Gross Profit.  Gross profit increased from $20.0 million in fiscal 1999 to $33.0 million in fiscal 2000. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit decreased from 56.3% in fiscal 1999 to 49.1% in fiscal 2000. The lower gross margin reflects lower average selling prices for optical subsystems as a result of increased shipment levels and a higher percentage of total revenues from the sale of optical subsystems (69.7% in fiscal 2000 and 59.9% in fiscal 1999) which generally have lower gross margins than test systems.

    Research and Development Expenses.  Research and development expenses increased 76% from $7.9 million in fiscal 1999 to $13.8 million in fiscal 2000. This increase was primarily related to higher compensation expense resulting from higher manpower levels and increased expenditures for materials purchased for product development programs. Research and development expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased from 22.2% in fiscal 1999 to 20.6% in fiscal 2000.

    Sales and Marketing Expenses.  Sales and marketing expenses increased 72% from $4.1 million in fiscal 1999 to $7.1 million in fiscal 2000. This increase was primarily due to increases in commissions paid to manufacturers' representatives as a result of increased sales and increases in the number of direct sales and marketing personnel. Sales and marketing expenses as a percent of revenues decreased from 11.7% in fiscal 1999 to 10.6% in fiscal 2000.

    General and Administrative Expenses.  General and administrative expenses increased 53% from $2.3 million in fiscal 1999 to $3.5 million in fiscal 2000. This increase was related to higher compensation expense resulting from higher manpower levels and increased expenses for professional services, primarily legal and accounting services. General and administrative expenses decreased as a percent of revenues from 6.5% in fiscal 1999 to 5.3% in fiscal 2000.

    Interest Income (Expense), Net.  Interest income, net of interest expense, of $3.3 million in fiscal 2000, compares to a net interest expense of $275,000 in the prior year. The increase in interest income was the result of an increase in cash balances resulting from the Company's initial public offering in November 1999 and an additional public offering in April 2000. Interest expense in fiscal 1999 is related primarily to borrowings of $11.0 million commencing in November of 1998 which were repaid from the proceeds of the public offering in November 1999.

    Provision for Income Taxes.  The provision for income taxes increased from $1.9 million in fiscal 1999 to $3.3 million in fiscal 2000 reflecting an effective tax rate of 38.1% and 53.0%, respectively. Excluding the nondeductible charge for the amortization of deferred compensation in both years, the effective tax rate was 35.0% in fiscal 1999 and 27.9% in fiscal 2000. The decrease reflects in part the nontaxable nature of a portion of interest income earned during fiscal 2000. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to state taxes offset by research and development credits and projected benefits from a foreign sales corporation. See Note 8 to our financial statements.

30


Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended April 30, 1999 and 1998

    Revenues.  Revenues increased 61% from $22.1 million in fiscal 1998 to $35.5 million in fiscal 1999. The increase was primarily due to an increase of 166% in sales of test systems from $5.4 million in fiscal 1998 to $14.2 million in fiscal 1999. Sales of test systems as a percentage of total revenues increased from 24.2% in fiscal 1998 to 40.1% of revenues in fiscal 1999. Sales of optical subsystems grew by 27% from $16.7 million in fiscal 1998 to $21.3 million in fiscal 1999. Sales of optical subsystems as a percentage of total revenues decreased from 75.8% in fiscal 1998 to 59.9% in fiscal 1999. Sales to our two principal customers during fiscal 1998 and 1999 were as follows:

 
  Fiscal Year Ended
April 30,

  Fiscal Year Ended
April 30,

 
 
  1998
  1999
  1998
  1999
 
 
  Sales (in millions)

  Percentage of Revenues

 
Newbridge Networks   $ 9.7   $ 8.9   43.9 % 25.1 %
EMC   $ 3.2   $ 8.5   14.6 % 24.1 %

    Gross Profit.  Gross profit increased from $13.4 million in fiscal 1998 to $20.0 million in fiscal 1999. Gross profit as a percentage of total revenues decreased from 60.6% in fiscal 1998 to 56.3% in fiscal 1999 reflecting startup costs associated with the introduction of new optical subsystem products and lower average selling prices for some optical subsystems which more than offset the shift in product mix toward a greater percentage of higher-margin test system sales.

    Research and Development Expenses.  Research and development expenses increased from $3.8 million in fiscal 1998 to $7.9 million in fiscal 1999. The 107% increase from fiscal 1998 to fiscal 1999 was primarily related to an increase in the number of research and development personnel and increased expenditures related to prototype development. Research and development expenses increased as a percentage of revenues from 17.2% in fiscal 1998 to 22.2% in fiscal 1999.

    Sales and Marketing Expenses.  Sales and marketing expenses increased from $1.6 million in fiscal 1998 to $4.1 million in fiscal 1999. The 154% increase was primarily due to increases in commissions paid to manufacturers' representatives as a result of increased sales, particularly for test systems, and increases in the number of direct sales and marketing personnel. Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenues increased from 7.4% in fiscal 1998 to 11.7% in fiscal 1999.

    General and Administrative Expenses.  General and administrative expenses increased from $833,000 in fiscal 1998 to $2.3 million in fiscal 1999. The 176% increase was primarily related to an expense of $397,000 in connection with the relocation of our primary operations from Mountain View, California to our new facility in Sunnyvale, California as well as increased expenditures for legal and other professional services. As a result of these additional charges, general and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of revenues from 3.8% in fiscal 1998 to 6.5% in fiscal 1999.

    Interest Income (Expense), Net.  Interest income of $5,000 in fiscal 1998 compared to interest expense of $275,000 in fiscal 1999. The additional interest expense is due to borrowings of $11.0 million under a term loan beginning in November 1998.

    Provision for Income Taxes.  The provision for income taxes decreased from $2.7 million in fiscal 1998 to $1.9 million in fiscal 1999 reflecting an effective tax rates of 38.4% and 38.1%, respectively. The annual effective tax rates differ from the statutory rate primarily due to state taxes, offset by research and development tax credits. See Note 8 to our financial statements.

31


    The following table presents unaudited quarterly statements of operations data for the eight fiscal quarters ended January 31, 2001, and such data expressed as a percentage of revenues. This information reflects all normal non-recurring adjustments that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of such information in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any future period.

 
  Three Months Ended
 
 
  July 31,
1998

  Oct. 31,
1998

  Jan. 31,
1999

  April 30,
1999

  July 31,
1999

  Oct. 31,
1999

  Jan. 31,
2000

  April 30,
2000

  July 31,
2000

  Oct. 31,
2000

  Jan. 31,
2001

 
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:                                                                    
  Revenues:                                                                    
    Optical subsystems   $ 3,666   $ 4,566   $ 5,270   $ 7,752   $ 9,480   $ 10,828   $ 10,916   $ 15,550   $ 22,038   $ 37,325   $ 57,062  
    Test systems     3,128     2,836     3,715     4,538     4,399     5,249     5,594     5,131     5,174     7,203     7,764  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Total revenues     6,794     7,402     8,985     12,290     13,879     16,077     16,510     20,681     27,212     44,528     64,826  
    Cost of revenues     2,666     3,058     4,171     5,619     6,252     7,878     8,122     11,938     16,471     26,028     36,937  
    Amortization of acquired developed technology                                         916     4,251  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Gross profit     4,128     4,344     4,814     6,671     7,627     8,199     8,388     8,743     10,741     17,584     23,638  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Operating expenses:                                                                    
    Research and development     1,394     1,764     1,890     2,816     2,840     3,333     3,878     3,755     4,314     6,320     10,256  
    Sales and marketing     833     871     1,160     1,281     1,542     1,895     1,643     2,042     2,507     3,693     5,104  
    General and administrative     298     421     484     1,096     759     864     974     919     1,385     1,722     3,320  
    Amortization of deferred stock compensation         99     120     209     287     1,723     1,781     1,739     1,699     1,183     2,461  
    Acquired in-process research and development                                         23,027     5,770  
    Amortization of acquired intangibles                                         5,002     22,480  
    Other acquisition costs                                         554     573  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Total operating expenses     2,525     3,155     3,654     5,402     5,428     7,815     8,276     8,455     9,905     41,501     49,964  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Income (loss) from operations     1,603     1,189     1,160     1,269     2,199     384     112     288     836     (23,917 )   (26,326 )
  Interest income (expense), net     (7 )   17     (141 )   (144 )   (89 )   (84 )   1,342     2,083     4,445     4,055     3,159  
  Other income (expense), net     25         (21 )   (32 )   (28 )   (28 )   (16 )   (27 )   (22 )   (21 )   497  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Income (loss) before income taxes     1,621     1,206     998     1,093     2,082     272     1,438     2,344     5,259     (19,833 )   (22,670 )
  Provision for income taxes     568     458     384     463     829     659     1,095     672     2,036     2,601     1,259  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net income (loss)   $ 1,053   $ 748   $ 614   $ 630   $ 1,253   $ (387 ) $ 343   $ 1,672   $ 3,223   $ (22,484 ) $ (23,929 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUES:                                                                    
  Revenues:                                                                    
    Optical subsystems     54.0 %   61.7 %   58.7 %   63.1 %   68.3 %   67.4 %   66.1 %   75.2 %   81.0 %   83.8 %   88.0 %
    Test systems     46.0     38.3     41.3     36.9     31.7     32.6     33.9     24.8     19.0     16.2     12.0  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Total revenues     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0  
    Cost of revenues     39.2     41.3     46.4     45.7     45.0     49.0     49.2     57.7     60.5     58.5     57.0  
    Amortization of acquired developed technology                                         2.0     6.5  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Gross profit     60.8     58.7     53.6     54.3     55.0     51.0     50.8     42.3     39.5     39.5     36.5  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Operating expenses:                                                                    
    Research and development     20.5     23.8     21.1     22.9     20.5     20.7     23.5     18.2     15.9     14.2     15.8  
    Sales and marketing     12.3     11.8     12.9     10.4     11.1     11.8     9.9     9.9     9.2     8.3     7.9  
    General and administrative     4.4     5.7     5.4     8.9     5.5     5.4     5.9     4.4     5.1     3.9     5.1  
    Amortization of deferred stock compensation         1.3     1.3     1.7     2.1     10.7     10.8     8.4     6.2     2.7     3.8  
    In-process research and development                                         51.7     8.9  
    Amortization of acquired intangibles                                         11.2     34.7  
    Other acquisition costs                                         1.2     0.9  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Total operating expenses     37.2     42.6     40.7     43.9     39.2     48.6     50.1     40.9     36.4     93.2     77.1  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from operations     23.6     16.1     12.9     10.4     15.8     2.4     0.7     1.4     3.1     (53.7 )   (40.6 )
Interest income (expense), net     (0.1 )   0.2     (1.6 )   (1.2 )   (0.6 )   (0.5 )   8.1     10.0     16.3     9.1     4.8  
Other income (expense), net     0.4         (0.2 )   (0.3 )   (0.2 )   (0.2 )   (0.1 )   (0.1 )   (0.1 )   0.0     0.7  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes     23.9     16.3     11.1     8.9     15.0     1.7     8.7     11.3     19.3     (44.6) %   (35.0 )
Provision for income taxes     8.4     6.2     4.3     3.8     6.0     4.1     6.6     3.2     7.5     5.8     1.9  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)     15.5 %   10.1 %   6.8 %   5.1 %   9.0 %   (2.4) %   2.1 %   8.1 %   11.8 %   (50.4) %   (36.9) %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

    Revenues increased over the last eight quarters as a result of increased unit sales to an expanding customer base with sales of optical subsystems growing faster than that of test systems. As a result, revenues from the sale of optical subsystems as a percentage of total revenues grew from 63.1% of total revenues for the quarter ended April 30, 1999 to 88% of total revenues for the quarter ended January 31, 2001.

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    Gross profit margins generally declined over the last two fiscal years, principally as a result of a shift in product mix toward a greater percentage of lower margin optical subsystem products and a lower percentage of higher margin test systems. Gross margins in the fourth quarter ended April 30, 2000 were also impacted by the introduction of a new optical subsystem product having lower average selling prices and lower margins than most of the company's existing products.

    Quarterly increases in operating expenses reflected the continued expansion of our operations throughout the eight-quarter period. An expense of $397,000 in connection with the relocation of our primary operations to our new facility was included in general and administrative expenses for the quarter ended April 30, 1999. Income from operations was adversely affected beginning in the quarter ended October 31, 1999 by the amortization of deferred compensation associated with the issuance of stock options to employees and directors prior to the Company's initial public offering in November 1999.

    Net interest expense increased significantly beginning in the quarter ended January 31, 1999 as a result of a term loan for $11.0 million in November 1998. The increase in net interest income beginning in the quarter ended January 31, 2000 reflected increased cash balances following our initial public offering in November 1999 and an additional public offering in April 2000.

    We may experience a delay in generating or recognizing revenues for a number of reasons. Orders at the beginning of each quarter typically do not equal expected revenues for that quarter and are generally cancelable at any time. Accordingly, we depend on obtaining orders in a quarter for shipment in that quarter to achieve our revenue objectives. In addition, the timing of product releases, purchase orders and product availability could result in significant product shipments at the end of a quarter. Failure to ship these products by the end of a quarter may adversely affect our operating results. Furthermore, our customer agreements typically provide that the customer may delay scheduled delivery dates and cancel orders within specified time frames without significant penalty.

    Most of our expenses, such as employee compensation and lease payments for facilities and equipment are relatively fixed in the near term. In addition, our expense levels are based in part on our expectations regarding future revenues. As a result, any shortfall in revenues relative to our expectations could cause significant changes in our operating results from quarter to quarter. Our quarterly and annual operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate significantly in the future due to a variety of factors, some of which are outside of our control. Due to the foregoing factors, you should not rely on our quarterly revenues and operating results to predict our future performance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

    From inception through November 1998, we financed our operations primarily through internal cash flow and periodic bank borrowings. In November 1998, we raised $5.6 million of net proceeds from the sale of preferred stock and bank borrowings to fund the continued growth and development of our business. In November 1999, we received net proceeds of $151 million from the initial public offering of our common stock, and in April 2000 we received $191 million from an additional public offering.

    As of January 31, 2001, our principal sources of liquidity were $200 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, and $6.5 million available under a revolving loan facility that matures on October 31, 2003. Borrowings under the facility are collateralized by substantially all of our assets and bear interest at our election at the time of borrowing at either the London Interbank Offering Rate or the bank's prime rate. There were no borrowings under this facility as of January 31, 2001. With the acquisition of Sensors, we assumed debt obligations totaling $2.1 million under a line of credit secured by the assets of Sensors. We intend to pay down this debt obligation during the fourth fiscal quarter ending April 30, 2001.

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    Net cash used in operating activities totaled $33.9 million in the nine month period ended January 31, 2001, and $4.0 million in the nine month period ended January 31, 2000. The use of cash in operating activities in both periods was primarily the result of continuing growth in revenues accompanied by an increase in working capital.

    Net cash provided by operating activities was $742,000 in fiscal 1998 and $1.1 million in fiscal 1999 while $4.4 million was used in operating activities in fiscal 2000. Cash provided by operations during fiscal 1998 and 1999 was primarily a result of continued growth in revenues and net income offset in part by an increase in related assets and liabilities for working capital purposes. The use of net cash in operating activities in fiscal 2000 was primarily a result of continuing growth in revenues and net income which was more than offset by an increase in assets and liabilities for working capital purposes.

    Net cash used in investing activities totaled $113.1 million in the nine month period ended January 31, 2001, and consisted primarily of the purchase of property and equipment totaling $54.2 million and acquisitions, net of cash acquired, of $26.8 million. Other investments totaling $14.6 million were primarily related to minority investments in other businesses. Net cash used in investing activities totaled $72.3 million in the nine month period ended January 31, 2000, and consisted primarily of purchases of short-term investments.

    Net cash used in investing activities was $855,000 in fiscal 1998, $2.1 million in fiscal 1999 and $157.7 million in fiscal 2000. Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 1998 and fiscal 1999 consisted primarily of purchases of equipment. Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2000 consisted primarily of short-term investments totaling $149.5 million which generally mature greater than 90 days from the initial date of purchase. Other investing activities during fiscal 2000 consisted primarily of purchases of equipment and leasehold improvements totaling $8.4 million.

    Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $4.3 million in the nine month period ended January 31, 2001, and consisted primarily of net proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options, net of loans and repurchase of unvested shares. Net cash provided by financing entities in the nine month period ended January 31, 2000, totaled $137.6 million and consisted primarily of $151.0 million in proceeds from the Company's initial public offering of stock less $11.0 million in repayment of borrowings under a bank loan.

    Net cash provided by financing activities was $413,000 in fiscal 1998, $5.4 million in fiscal 1999, and $328.2 million in fiscal 2000. Net cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 1999 primarily consisted of net proceeds of $26.3 million from the sale of preferred stock and $11.0 million in bank borrowings under a term loan, offset by $31.7 million used to repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock. Net cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 2000 reflected net proceeds to us of $151 million from the initial public offering of our common stock in November 1999 and another $191 million from an additional public offering of our common stock in April 2000. Following the initial public offering, $11.0 million of the net proceeds was used to repay debt and $2.6 million was used to redeem preferred stock.

    We had no material commitments for capital expenditures at January 31, 2001. We have entered into agreements to acquire three companies primarily for stock and to acquire a building and equipment in Malaysia for cash. The cash portion required to consummate these transactions is estimated to be approximately $60 million.

    We believe that our existing balances of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, together with our available credit facilities and cash flow expected to be generated from our future operations, will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.

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    In June 1998, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS 133"). We are required to adopt SFAS 133 for the year ending April 30, 2002. SFAS 133 establishes methods of accounting for derivative financial instruments and hedging activities. Because we currently hold no derivative financial instruments as defined by SFAS 133 and does not currently engage in hedging activities, adoption of SFAS 133 is not expected to have a material effect on Finisar's financial condition or results of operations.

    In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements"("SAB 101"). The bulletin summarizes some of the commission's views in applying accounting principles generally accepted in the United States to revenue recognition in financial statements. Due to the complex nature of the implementation of SAB 101, the SEC has deferred the implementation of SAB 101 which, for the Company, will be effective in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2001 with retroactive application to the beginning of the fiscal year. Although we have not fully assessed the impact, we believe the adoption of SAB 101 will not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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BUSINESS

    We are a leading provider of fiber optic subsystems and network performance test systems which enable high-speed data communications over local area networks, or LANs, and storage area networks, or SANs, and wide-area and metropolitan data networking applications, or WANs and MANs. We are focused on the application of digital fiber optics to provide a broad line of high-performance, reliable, value-added optical subsystems, which convert electrical signals into optical signals, for networking and storage equipment manufacturers. Our line of optical subsystems supports a wide range of network applications, transmission speeds, distances and mediums. We also provide unique network performance test systems which assist networking and storage equipment manufacturers in the efficient design of reliable, high-speed networking systems and the testing and monitoring of the performance of these systems. We sell our products to leading networking and storage equipment manufacturers such as 3Com, EMC, Emulex, IBM, Alcatel Networks (formerly Newbridge Networks) and Sun Microsystems, as well as emerging manufacturers such as Brocade Communications and Extreme Networks.

    We have recently acquired three companies and entered into agreements to acquire three other companies in order to gain access to new technologies which can be used in conjunction with our existing core competencies to develop new and innovative products. In October 2000, we acquired Sensors Unlimited, Inc., a privately-held company located in Princeton, New Jersey. In November 2000, we acquired Demeter Technologies, Inc., a privately-held company located in El Monte, California. In March 2001, we acquired Medusa Technologies, Inc. a privately-held company located near Austin, Texas. In November 2000, we also entered into agreements to acquire Transwave Fiber, Inc., a privately-held company located in Fremont, California, and Shomiti Systems, Inc., a privately-held company located in San Jose, California. In February 2001, we entered into an agreement to acquire Marlow Industries, Inc., a privately held company located in Dallas, Texas. The acquisitions of Shomiti and Transwave are expected to be completed during the fiscal quarter ending April 30, 2001. The acquisition of Marlow is expected to be completed during the fiscal quarter ending July 31, 2000.

Industry Background

    The ubiquity of computing by businesses, organizations and individuals worldwide and the need to interconnect multiple computing and storage devices to enable widespread communications has given rise to the multi-billion dollar computer networking and storage industries. There has been a rapid growth in the number of corporate and residential users accessing communications networks. This growth has resulted in large-scale equipment expenditures by enterprises and service providers to develop and expand their network and storage infrastructures. Networking and storage equipment expenditures are also accelerating due to the need to upgrade equipment to reliably accommodate data traffic which requires greater transmission capacity, or bandwidth, such as e-commerce and online transaction processing-related traffic, multimedia file transfers and movement of large blocks of stored data across networks. The transmission and storage of data has become increasingly mission-critical as enterprises increasingly rely on data-intensive applications to support a wider range of functions over a geographically dispersed employee and customer base. The continuing expansion of the network infrastructure, the growing number of users accessing networks, the need to accommodate higher bandwidth, and the increasingly mission-critical nature of data networking and storage networking have created the need for a new generation of high-speed, high-performance networking and storage systems that rely on fiber optic transmission technology.

    Gigabit Ethernet and Local Area Networks.  Early LANs were implemented to connect a limited number of users within relatively close proximity. Most of these LANs used the Ethernet transmission protocol which was developed to allow users to access the LAN and share basic common services such as file servers and printers. Because these early LANs had relatively limited performance requirements,

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short connection distances and low transmission speeds, systems on these LANs were generally connected by copper cabling.

    As deployment of LANs increased, Ethernet became the predominant LAN technology, with a greater than 95% market share in 1998 in terms of port shipments according to the Dell'Oro Group. As bandwidth needs and server processing power increased and larger numbers of users strained the early LAN infrastructure, Ethernet technology evolved from the original 10 megabits per second, or Mbps, version to 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet. In response to continually increasing bandwidth and performance requirements, Gigabit Ethernet technology, which operates at 1,000 Mbps, was introduced in 1998. Dataquest estimates that sales of Gigabit Ethernet switches will increase from $364 million in 1998 to over $3.7 billion in 2002, representing a compound annual growth rate of 79%. These switches contain varying numbers of ports which serve as the connection to the network. According to Dataquest, the number of Gigabit Ethernet port shipments is projected to grow from 211,000 in 1998 to over 6 million in 2002, representing a compound annual growth rate of 130%. Most of these Gigabit Ethernet ports will rely on fiber optic subsystems, which allow data to be transmitted accurately, at very high speeds and over long distances. Although the transmission speeds currently offered by Gigabit Ethernet are expected to meet the increasing bandwidth needs of enterprise and service provider networks for the near future, manufacturers have begun to develop networking systems with per-port transmission speeds of 10 gigabits per second, or Gbps, ten times faster than Gigabit Ethernet. Because of the scalability and migration capacity built into the Gigabit Ethernet protocol, manufacturers developing these systems are able to leverage this standard much as they did when they migrated from 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet to 1,000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet. This next generation of high-speed networking systems will require even higher performance fiber optic subsystems.

    Fibre Channel and Storage Area Networks.  Like data networking technology, data storage technology has evolved rapidly over the past decade. Traditionally, storage devices were connected to a single server and LAN in close proximity using a standard interface protocol known as the Small Computer Systems Interface, or SCSI. SCSI currently allows storage devices and servers to communicate at a maximum speed of 80 megabytes per second, over a maximum transmission distance of 12 meters and supports a maximum of 15 devices on a single bus. Although these distances and speeds were sufficient for early storage applications, SCSI has become a limiting technology for emerging storage applications, which require networking at high speeds over long distances and need to interconnect large numbers of users.

    In recent years, demand has increased for faster, more efficient interconnection of data storage systems with servers and LANs. Contributing to this demand are:

    Although advances in technology, including the recent development of Gigabit Ethernet, increased LAN transmission speeds by more than 1,000 times during the 1990s, storage-to-server data transmission speeds on SCSI-based systems increased by less than ten times during this period. This speed disparity created a bottleneck between storage systems and servers and the LANs connected to those servers. Recently, the Fibre Channel interconnect protocol has been standardized to address the speed, distance and connectivity limitations of SCSI-based storage while maintaining backward compatibility with the installed base of SCSI-based storage systems. Fibre Channel allows up to 126 devices to communicate at rates up to 1.062 Gbps over distances of up to 10 kilometers. The Fibre

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Channel protocol has enabled the development of high-speed storage area networks, or SANs, which provide the interconnection between storage systems and servers.

    Fibre Channel-based SANs provide many benefits, including transmission speeds comparable to high-speed LANs and transmission distances which allow broader sharing of resources. SANs also enable enhanced network applications such as storage backup, and better overall storage management achievable through centralized storage resources. IDC projects that the market for Fibre Channel systems will grow from $2.2 billion in 1998 to over $19.6 billion in 2002, representing a compound annual growth rate of 73%. In addition, emf Associates forecasts the number of Fibre Channel port shipments will grow from 2.2 million in 1998 to over 46.7 million in 2002, representing a compound annual growth rate of 115%. Most of these ports will rely on fiber optic subsystems to transmit and receive data at very high speeds with high accuracy, and often over long distances. Like manufacturers of Gigabit Ethernet-based LAN systems, Fibre Channel-based SAN system manufacturers are already developing the next generation of SAN products with speeds of 2.125 Gbps, twice as fast as current Fibre Channel speeds. Like Gigabit Ethernet, the Fibre Channel protocol is scalable, allowing for the potential development of systems with speeds of over 8 Gbps. The speeds contemplated by future generation SAN systems will require even higher performance fiber optics subsystems.

    In addition to SANs, Fibre Channel technology is being used in other high-speed data communications applications including the interconnection of clusters of switches based on the asynchronous transfer mode, or ATM, protocol. ATM switches are often used in service provider network cores to switch traffic between multiple networks. In these core networks, multiple switches are often grouped together in a service provider's central office. The interconnections between these systems are often provided by Fibre Channel-based subsystems which allow high-speed, cost-effective communication links between these switches.

    Extended LANs and SANs.  As technologies such as Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel have enabled transmission of data at higher speeds over longer distances than previous networking technologies permitted, they have allowed the geographic extension of LANs and SANs over installed but unused fiber optic cable, known as "dark" fiber lines. Enterprises have recently begun to lease dark fiber from service providers to implement these extended networks. These extended LANs and SANs can interconnect network systems throughout a corporate campus or metropolitan area rather than only within a single building. Extended networks enable organizations to use their networks for enhanced applications such as real-time backup storage at distances of up to 120 kilometers for disaster protection. In addition, by using dark fiber lines, extended data networks can offer organizations a potentially cost-effective way to address increased bandwidth requirements. We believe that future extended networks will incorporate both Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet transmission protocols. As with shorter-distance LANs and SANs, these extended networks will require high-performance fiber optic subsystems.

    Cable Television Networks.  Cable television networks have traditionally relied on the use of radio frequency, or RF, analog transmission to broadcast video signals over copper cable. The initial objective of these networks was to provide one-way broadcast of video channels to the home. These early networks relied on multiple amplifiers in order to compensate for the loss of signal strength over distance caused by the use of copper cable as the transmission medium.

    Since the early 1990's, CATV operators have greatly expanded their ability to offer a growing array of entertainment services by upgrading their networks with fiber optic technologies in order to reduce the number of amplifiers needed to transmit signals to the home, expand capacity and enhance the reliability of their networks. While operators realize several benefits as a result of upgrading their networks in this manner, the fiber optic technologies deployed to date continue to use RF analog transmission to send signals.

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    With the rapid growth in Internet-related services, the demand for two-way interactive CATV services has increased dramatically. The transformation of a one-way broadcast network to a two-way interactive network requires that the signals originating at each home be aggregated at a node before being sent back to the CATV network headend. This transformation, using analog signal transmission for the return path, involves numerous technical challenges because the electrical noise originating at each home is also aggregated before being transmitted. This aggregation of noise limits the amount of bandwidth and distance over which these return signals can be transmitted. For this reason, a substantial portion of CATV networks have not been upgraded for two-way transmission and those operators who have implemented analog return path systems are limited with respect to their ability to carry two-way traffic.

    The design and development of data and storage networking systems require extensive testing to ensure system performance and reliability. As new, highly complex transmission protocols such as Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel have emerged, system testing has become more difficult, requiring increasingly sophisticated and specialized test systems capable of capturing data at high speeds, filtering the data and identifying various types of intermittent errors and other network problems. Other new technologies are continually being developed, such as the Infiniband transmission protocol, which is being engineered to interconnect clusters of computer devices. In the past, many systems manufacturers designed their own test equipment each time they developed a new product. However, as the pace of technological change has accelerated, the performance requirements of data communications systems have increased and competition has afforded shorter market windows within which manufacturers can develop and introduce new products. Thus, system manufacturers have increasingly focused on the design and development of their own products and turned to specialized independent suppliers for state-of-the-art test equipment. As Ethernet and Fibre Channel-based systems reach even higher transmission speeds and new standards like Infiniband emerge, the internal development of test equipment by systems manufacturers will become more challenging, further increasing the demand for high performance, easy-to-use test systems from independent suppliers.

    Fiber optic transmission technology was originally developed for use in long distance telecommunications networks to increase capacity and speed. In contrast, early LANs and storage systems, with their relatively limited performance requirements, short connection distances and low transmission speeds, did not require the performance capabilities of fiber optics. Systems on these networks were generally interconnected using copper cabling.

    As the bandwidth, storage capacity and transmission distance requirements of enterprises and service providers have increased, it has become necessary to utilize the superior transmission capabilities of fiber optics to build practical, high-speed LANs based on Gigabit Ethernet technology and high-speed SANs based on Fibre Channel. As these fiber optic LANs and SANs are being deployed, fiber optics is becoming the dominant transmission technology for high-speed data networking and storage applications. Systems connected with fiber optics require optical subsystems to convert electrical signals into optical signals and back into electrical signals at high speeds.

    The development and manufacture of high quality, cost-effective fiber optic subsystems for LANs and SANs present a number of significant technical challenges, including the following:

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    To date, we believe that only a limited number of companies have developed the specialized expertise required to engineer fiber optic subsystems and test systems which meet the requirements of manufacturers of high-speed data networking and storage systems.

The Finisar Solution

    We are a leading provider of fiber optic subsystems and network performance test systems which enable high-speed data communications over LANs, SANs, CATV networks and extended networks. We are focused on providing high-performance, reliable, value-added optical subsystems for networking and storage equipment manufacturers that develop and market systems based on Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel protocols. Our line of optical subsystems supports a wide range of network applications, transmission speeds, distances and mediums. Our digital return path technology overcomes many of the limitations associated with analog components used to provide two-way interactive services over CATV networks. We also provide unique network performance test systems which assist networking and storage equipment manufacturers in the efficient design of reliable, high-speed networking systems and the testing and monitoring of the performance of these systems. Our products provide the following key benefits to manufacturers of high-speed data networking and storage systems:

    Value-Added Functions and Intelligence.  Our high-speed fiber optic subsystems are engineered to deliver value-added functionality and intelligence. For example, many of our optical subsystems include a microprocessor containing specially-developed software that allows customers to monitor the optical performance of each port on their systems in real time. In addition, many of our subsystems are engineered to automatically recognize different versions of the Fibre Channel protocol and to interoperate with our customers' older, installed networking systems, often referred to as legacy systems. Real-time monitoring and interoperability are particularly important in the Gigabit Ethernet LAN and Fibre Channel SAN markets where reliability and time to market are critical. Our test systems also contain value-added software functions that permit users to simulate and track errors.

    High Level of Data Integrity.  Through the use of advanced packaging and circuit design, our optical subsystems deliver data at very high speeds over varying distances with very low error rates. We engineer our subsystems to exceed the industry standard error rate of 1 bit per trillion bits transmitted. This degree of data integrity allows our subsystems to operate reliably over a wide range of temperatures and other field conditions which we believe enables our customers to design and deliver more robust systems.

    High Reliability.  We design all of our subsystems to provide the high reliability required for data networking and storage applications that are critical to an enterprise. Using standard statistical methodology and testing, we have been able to predict that some of our products can be expected to operate reliably for up to 40 million hours. Our subsystems are engineered to operate with minimal power requirements thereby increasing product life, and to function across a wide range of temperatures and voltages. This reliability and flexibility have allowed our subsystems to be designed into the products of manufacturers who provide systems for a variety of mission-critical applications. In addition, because our subsystems emit lower levels of EMI than the standards set by the FCC, we offer

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manufacturers greater flexibility in the design of their systems and integration of other components and subsystems.

    Broad Optical Subsystem Product Line.  We offer a broad line of optical subsystems which operate at varying protocols, speeds, fiber types, voltages, wavelengths and distances and are available in a variety of industry standard packaging configurations, or form factors. Our optical subsystems are designed to comply with key networking protocols such as Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet and to plug directly into standard port configurations used in our customers' products. The breadth of our optical subsystems product line is important to many of our customers who manufacture a wide range of networking products for diverse applications.

    Broad Test System Product Line.  We believe that we are a leading provider of network performance test systems for Fiber Channel-based networks. We offer a broad line of test systems to assist our customers in efficiently designing reliable, high-speed networking systems and testing and monitoring the performance of these systems. We believe our test systems enable our customers to focus their attention on the development of new products, reduce overall development costs and speed time to market.

Strategy

    Our objective is to be the leading provider of fiber optic subsystems and test systems to manufacturers of high-speed data networking and storage systems. Key elements of our strategy include the following:

    Maintain Technology Leadership in High-Speed Fiber Optic Transmission.  We have been focused on the development of fiber optic subsystems since 1988. Current Finisar employees were actively involved in the original development of the Fibre Channel standard and, more recently, in the development and implementation of Gigabit Ethernet and the emerging Infiniband protocol. Our years of engineering experience, our multi-disciplinary technical expertise and our participation in the development of industry standards have enabled us to become a leader in the design and development of fiber optic subsystems and test systems. We intend to maintain our technological leadership through continual enhancement of our existing products and the development of new products as evolving technology permits higher speed transmission of data, with greater capacity, over longer distances. For example, we are designing flexible hardware and software architectures to support emerging technologies such as 10 Gbps Ethernet, 2 Gbps Fibre Channel, wavelength division multiplexing, or WDM, and the Infiniband protocol. We are also focusing on increased product integration to enhance the price/performance capabilities of our products. An example of this product integration is our new digital return path links used in broadband CATV systems that utilize existing technology from our optical subsystems, test equipment and extended network subsystems. Our CATV products are plug compatible with existing systems, offer superior performance and allow various system enhancements. This technology also has the potential to change the product architecture of CATV systems for use as broadband metropolitan networks.

    Leverage Core Competencies Across Multiple, High-Growth Markets.  We believe that fiber optic technology will increasingly become the transmission technology of choice for multiple high-growth data communication markets, including Gigabit Ethernet-based LANs, Fibre Channel-based SANs and CATV and extended networks. These markets are characterized by differentiated applications with unique design criteria such as product function, performance, cost, in-system monitoring, size limitations and software. We intend to target opportunities where our core competencies in high-speed data transmission protocols such as Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel and Infiniband can be leveraged into leadership positions as these technologies are extended across multiple markets and applications. Our goal is to be the optical subsystem and network performance test system provider of choice for multiple protocols and network applications. Recently, we entered the broadband CATV market with a

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product that leverages our core competencies in optical subsystems, test systems and WDM. Our CATV digital return path product can emulate existing analog return links, plug into existing sockets, provide better performance, lower cost and reduce system level diagnostics. Furthermore, this product has traffic aggregation features that enhance the traditional analog coaxial system.

    Strengthen and Expand Customer Relationships.  Over the past 11 years, we have established valuable relationships and a loyal base of customers by providing high-quality products and superior service. Our service- oriented approach has allowed us to work closely with leading data and storage network system manufacturers, understand and address their current needs and anticipate their future requirements. We intend to leverage our relationships with our existing customers as they enter new, high-speed data communications markets. We have recently established new customer relationships with several emerging Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel networking equipment manufacturers. We intend to expand our sales and marketing organization in order to establish new relationships with other key data communications network manufacturers.

    Capitalize on Cross-Selling Opportunities.  Many manufacturers of high-speed data networking and storage systems purchase both optical subsystems and test systems from third-party providers. Frequently, however, different groups or departments within a manufacturer's organization are responsible for qualifying and purchasing subsystems and test equipment. We are increasingly able to capitalize on our customers' satisfaction with one of our product lines and our service-oriented approach to gain valuable introductions that lead to sales of our other product lines. As this trend develops, we intend to leverage our unique expertise in both optical subsystems and test systems. In particular, the widespread acceptance of our Fibre Channel test systems is providing opportunities to develop new customers for our optical subsystems. Our entry into the broadband CATV market targets customers in both the direct CATV digital return path link market and the extended network subsystems market, allowing cable operators to offer digital services economically to businesses in their service area.

    Expand International Operations.  Historically, substantially all of our sales have been made to system manufacturers located in North America. In the nine months ended January 31, 2001, sales to customers outside North America represented approximately 5.5% of our total revenues. Recently, manufacturers in other parts of the world have developed and introduced high-speed networking products based on the Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel protocols and international markets for our products are beginning to expand. To better address these expanding international markets, we have recently established relationships with distributors in Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, Korea and Israel. We intend to further extend our international operations by expanding our network of distributors and sales representatives in key international markets. As international Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet standards are substantially the same as those in North America, we do not expect that we will require substantial product development efforts to enter international markets.

Products

    We provide a broad line of complementary optical subsystems and test systems for high-speed data communications over Gigabit Ethernet LANs and Fibre Channel SANs.

Optical Subsystems

    Our optical subsystems product line consists of two product families—optical data links and optical link extenders. Our optical data links are integrated into our customers' systems and used for both short-and long-distance fiber optic communications. Our optical link extenders are external subsystems used for fiber optic communications over long distances.

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    Optical Data Links  

    Our family of optical data link products consists of transmitters, receivers and transceivers based on the Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel protocols. A transmitter converts electrical signals into optical signals for transmission over fiber optics. A receiver converts incoming optical signals into electric signals. A transceiver combines both transmitter and receiver functions. Our optical data link products perform these functions with high reliability and data integrity and support a wide range of protocols, transmission speeds, fiber types, wavelengths, transmission distances, form factors and software enhancements.

    Our high-speed fiber optic subsystems are engineered to deliver value- added functionality and intelligence. Most of our optical data link products include a microprocessor with proprietary embedded software that allows customers to monitor transmitted and received optical power, temperature, drive current and other link parameters of each port on their systems in real time. In addition, our intelligent optical data links are used by many enterprise networking and storage system manufacturers to enhance the ability of their systems to diagnose and correct abnormalities in fiber optic networks.

    The following table describes our principal optical data link products:

Protocols

  Transmission
Speed (Gbps)

  Fiber Types
  Wavelengths (nm)
  Transmission
Distances

  Form
Factors

  Software
Enhancements

Transmitters                        
Fibre Channel   1.062   Multimode   850   500 m   17-pin   Built-in diagnostics
Gigabit Ethernet   1.25   Singlemode   1310   10 km        
            1550   30 km        
                80 km        
Receivers                        
Fibre Channel   1.062   Multimode   850   500 m   17-pin   Reports on received
Gigabit Ethernet   1.25   Singlemode   1310   10 km       optical power levels
            1550   30 km        
                80 km        
Transceivers                        
Fibre Channel   1.062/2.125   Multimode   850   500 m   28-pin   Built-in diagnostics
Gigabit Ethernet   1.25/2.125   Singlemode   1310   10 km   9-pin   OFC auto-sense
            1550   30 km   GBIC   Serial identification
                80 km   SFP SFF    

    Cable Television Digital Return Path Systems  

    Over the past year, we have developed a new technical approach to the transportation of information inside broadband cable television networks. Traditionally, fiber optic links in CATV networks have used analog modulation to transport signals. Our design digitizes the return path signal with performance comparable to the best analog links. We have begun customer trials of our digital optical return path links for CATV systems.

    Our digital technology enables us to make links that have significant advantages over traditional analog links. These links are more stable in varying temperatures, show no analog variation with fiber distance and are more immune to mishandling problems, such as poor splices and connectors, than traditional analog links.

    Digital return path links allow broadband systems to be better managed and to support a variety of CATV architectures. Our products are used in nodes that typically serve between 50 and 500 homes as well as in secondary hub sites and headends. These products build on our basic optical modules and

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test systems to provide our customers with a level of service, reliability and signal integrity that is superior to the systems they are replacing at a lower cost. These modules plug into existing nodes, hubs and headends, which facilitates market acceptance.

    Optical Link Extenders  

    Our FLX-2000 family of optical link extenders allows enterprises to extend the distance of fiber optic links in Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel- based networks while preserving data integrity and reliability. Using our optical link extenders, Gigabit Ethernet networks can be extended from the maximum standard distance of 5 kilometers to up to 120 kilometers, and Fibre Channel networks can be extended from the maximum standard distance of 10 kilometers to up to 120 kilometers. Our optical link extenders enable new network applications such as remote storage and real-time backup, as well as geographic extensions of a network. In addition, our optical link extenders provide a value-added diagnostic function by measuring the bit error rate on data links and monitoring and reporting system status.

Network Performance Test Systems

    Our GTX, GT and GLA family of network performance test systems assist networking and storage system manufacturers in the efficient design of reliable, high-speed networking systems and the testing and monitoring of the performance of these systems. We believe we are the leading supplier of test equipment for the Fibre Channel protocol used in enterprise SANs. We also offer Gigabit Ethernet test systems. Our test systems allow engineers, service technicians and network managers to capture data at high speeds, filter the data and identify various types of intermittent errors and other network problems.

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    Our GTX, GT and GLA family of test system products includes data generators, data analyzers, error injector/data jammers and low-cost, real-time link monitors. The following table describes our GTX, GT and GLA family of test products:

Product Description

  Introduction
Date

  Protocol
Supported

  Transmission
Speed

  Application
  Configuration
GIGABIT LINK ANALYZERS                    
GLA-3100ES   10/96   ESCON   200 Mbps   R&D Service   PC-Hosted
GLA-3100FC   1/97   Fibre Channel   1.062 Gbps   R&D Service   PC-Hosted
GT-G Data Generator Module   1/98   Fibre Channel   1.062 Gbps   Inter-operability   PC-Hosted
GT-J Error Injector Module   2/99   Fibre Channel   1.062 Gbps   Error Recovery   PC-Hosted
GT-J22 Error Stimulus Response System   2/99   Fibre Channel FICON   1.062 Gbps   Error Recovery   High Performance Tower PC

GT GIGABIT TRAFFIC CHECK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
GT-C FC Link Monitor   5/98   Fibre Channel   1.062 Gbps   Field Service   Hand Held
GT-C-GE Link Monitor   5/98   Gigabit Ethernet   1.25 Gbps   Field Service   Hand Held

GTX GIGABIT TRAFFIC SYSTEM

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
GTX-A   11/99   Fibre Channel   1.062 Gbps
2.125 Gbps
  R&D   PC-Hosted
GTX-B bit error rate tester   3/00   Fibre Channel, Gigabit Ethernet, Infiniband   1.062 Gbps
1.25 Gbps
2.125 Gbps
2.5 Gbps
  Hardware Test   PC-Hosted
GTX-J Error Injector   7/00   Fibre Channel, FICOn   1.062 Gbps
2.125 Gbps
  Error Recovery   PC-Hosted
SANmetrics—Loop   4/00   Fibre Channel   1.062/2.125 Gbps   SAN Performance Analysis Software   N/A
SANmetrics—Switch   6/00   Fibre Channel   1.062/2.125 Gbps   SAN Performance Analysis Software   N/A

    Our recent acquisitions of Sensors, Demeter and Medusa have provided us with complementary products for our existing product lines. Sensors supplies optical components that monitor the dense

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wavelength division multiplexing, or DWDM, performance characteristics of fiber optic cables. These products enable DWDM equipment vendors to constantly monitor the performance levels of their equipment, which, in turn, enables telecommunications providers to ensure the stability and accuracy required to optimize bandwidth and deliver a high quality of service.

    Demeter develops long wavelength Fabry Perot and distributed feedback lasers for data communications and telecommunications applications. We anticipate marketing and selling these Demeter products primarily as stand-alone products as well as a component of other Finisar products.

    Medusa develops testing methodologies, test tools and training for storage area networks, or SANs. Medusa's testing tools enable vendors to test products for basic interface, data corruption under high stress and heavy load factors, design specification compliance and interoperability with other products and systems. In addition to its testing services, Medusa has developed software tools to automate the testing and product analysis process. We anticipate incorporating Medusa's software and testing expertise into all of our products.

Customers

    Sales to our two principal customers, Alcatel Networks (formerly Newbridge Networks) and EMC Corporation, accounted for 43.9% and 14.6% of our revenues in fiscal 1998, 25.1% and 24.1% in fiscal 1999, 24.5% and 24.0% in fiscal 2000 and 7.2% and 19.7% in the nine months ended January 31, 2001. In addition, sales to Brocade Communications and Emulex accounted for 21.6% and 10.0% of our revenues in the nine months ended January 31, 2001.

Technology

    The development of high quality fiber optic subsystems and test systems for high-speed data communications requires multidisciplinary expertise in the following technology areas:

    High Frequency Semiconductor Design.  Our fiber optic subsystems development efforts are supported by an engineering team that specializes in analog/digital integrated circuit design. This group works in both silicon and gallium arsenide, or GaAs, semiconductor technologies where circuit element frequencies are very fast and can be as high as 60 GHz. We have designed proprietary circuits including laser drivers and receiver pre- and post-amplifiers. Our designs have made us early entrants in the 1.0 Gbps data communications market and more recently in the 2.5 Gbps data communications market. These advanced semiconductor devices provide significant cost advantages and will be critical in the development of future products capable of even faster data rates.

    Optical Subsystem Design.  Finisar has established itself as a low-cost design leader beginning with its initial Gbps optical subsystems in 1992. From that base we have developed new singlemode laser alignment approaches and low-cost, all-metal packaging techniques for improved EMI performance and environmental tolerance. We develop our own component and packaging and designs and integrate these designs with proprietary manufacturing processes that allow our products to be manufactured in high volume.

    Complex Logic Design.  Our test equipment designs are based on field programmable gate arrays, or FPGAs. In recent customer trials, our newest products are being used to operate with clock frequencies of up to 125 MHz and logic densities up to 1 million gates per chip. Our test systems use FPGAs that are programmed by the host PC and therefore can be configured differently for different tests. All of our logic design is done in the VHDL hardware description language which will enable migration to ASICs as volumes warrant. We develop VHDL code in a modular fashion for reuse in logic design which comprises a critical portion of our intellectual property. This re-usable technology base of logic design is available for use in both our test system and optical subsystem product lines and allows us to reduce the time to market for our new and enhanced products.

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    Software Technology.  We devote substantial engineering resources to the development of software technology for use in all of our product lines. We have developed software to control our test systems, analyze data collected by our test systems, and monitor, maintain, test and calibrate our optical subsystems. A majority of our software technology and expertise is focused on the use of object-oriented development techniques to develop software subsystems that can be reused across multiple product lines. We have created substantial intellectual property in the area of data analysis software for our Fibre Channel test equipment. This technology allows us to rapidly sort, filter and analyze large amounts of data using a proprietary database format. This database format is both hardware platform-independent and protocol-independent. This independence allows all of the software tools developed for our existing test products to be utilized in all of our new test products that collect data traces. Because the database format is also protocol-independent, new protocols can be added quickly and easily. Another important component of our intellectual property is our graphical user interface, or GUI, design. Many years of customer experience with our test products have enabled us to define a simple yet effective method to display complex protocols in clear and concise GUIs for intuitive use by engineers.

    System Design.  The design of all of our products requires a combination of sophisticated technical competencies—optical engineering, high-speed digital and analog design, ASIC design and software engineering. We have built an organization of people with skills in all of these areas. It is the integration of these technical competencies that enables us to produce products that meet the needs of our customers. Our combination of these technical competencies has enabled us to design and manufacturer optical subsystems with built-in optical test multiplexing and network monitoring, as well as test systems that integrate optical and protocol testing with user interface software.

    Manufacturing System Design.  The design skills gained in our test systems group are also used in the manufacturing of our optical subsystems. We utilize our high-speed FPGA design blocks and concepts and GUI software elements to provide specialized manufacturing test systems for our internal use. These test systems are optimized for test capacity and broad test coverage. We use automated, software-controlled testing to enhance the field reliability of all Finisar products. All of our products are subjected to temperature testing of powered systems as well as full functional tests.

    Acquired Technologies.  We recognize the need to acquire complementary technologies to supplement our engineering resources and respond to our customers' needs. We have completed three acquisitions, each of which provided us with technical personnel and technology expertise in specific areas. Our acquisition of Sensors in October 2000 provided us with expertise in designing optical component products for testing and monitoring fiber optic cables. Our acquisition of Demeter in November provided us with expertise in designing Fabry-Perot and distributed feedback lasers. Our acquisition of Medusa in March 2001 provided us with training methodologies and testing services focusing on storage area networks and related technologies.

Competition

    The market for optical subsystems and network performance test systems for use in LANs, SANs and extended networks is highly competitive. We believe the principal competitive factors in the optical subsystem and test system markets are:

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    We believe we compete favorably with our competitors with respect to most of the foregoing factors. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against either current or future competitors.

Sales, Marketing and Technical Support

    We sell our products in North America through our direct sales force and a network of twelve independent manufacturers' representatives. Our direct sales force maintains close contact with our customers and provides technical support to our manufacturers' representatives. In our international markets, our direct sales force works with local resellers who assist us in providing support and maintenance to the territories they cover. We have recently established relationships with distributors in Japan, the United Kingdom, Israel, Germany and Korea.

    Both our optical subsystems and our network performance test systems are often sold to the same customer. We anticipate that the optical component test products and the laser products acquired from Sensors and Demeter, respectively, will also be sold to these same customers. We are increasingly able to capitalize on our customers' satisfaction with one of our product lines and our service-oriented approach to gain valuable introductions that can lead to sales of our other product line. We anticipate that we will continue to benefit from these trends in the future.

    Our marketing efforts are focused on increasing awareness of our optical subsystems and test systems product lines and our brand name. Key components of our marketing efforts include:

    In addition, our marketing group provides marketing support services for our executive staff, our direct sales force and our manufacturers' representatives and resellers. Through our marketing activities, we provide technical and strategic sales support to our direct sales personnel and resellers including in-depth product presentations, technical manuals, sales tools, pricing, marketing communications, marketing research, trademark administration and other support functions.

    A high level of continuing service and support is critical to our objective of developing long-term customer relationships. We emphasize customer service and technical support in order to provide our customers and their end users with the knowledge and resources necessary to successfully utilize our product line. Our customer service utilizes a technical team of field and factory applications engineers, technical marketing personnel and, when required, product design engineers. We provide extensive customer support throughout the qualification and sale process. In addition, we also provide many resources through our World Wide Web site, including product documentation and technical information. We intend to continue to provide our customers with comprehensive product support and believe it is critical to remaining competitive.

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Manufacturing

    We outsource the majority of our assembly operations, and we conduct manufacturing engineering, supply chain management, quality assurance and documentation control operations at our facility in Sunnyvale, California, as well as our subsidiaries' facilities located in Princeton, New Jersey and El Monte, California. This approach enables us to focus on our design strengths, reduce fixed costs and capital expenditures and provide flexibility in meeting market demand.

    We currently rely on three Asia based and one U.S. based contract manufacturers for substantially all of our assembly operations. We do not have long-term contracts with any of our contract manufacturers, and none of them are obligated to perform assembly services for us for any specific period or at any specified price, except as may be provided in a particular purchase order.

    We design and develop a number of the key components of our products, including ASICs, printed circuit boards and software. In addition, our manufacturing team works closely with our engineers to manage the supply chain. Product testing and burn-in are performed at our facility. We also use inspection, testing and statistical process controls to assure the quality and reliability of our products. In addition, most of our optical subsystems have an intelligent interface that allows us to monitor product quality during the manufacturing process.

    Although we use standard parts and components for our products where possible, we currently purchase a few key components used in the manufacture of our products from single or limited sources. Our principal single source components include ASICs and lasers. Generally, purchase commitments with our single or limited source suppliers are on a purchase order basis. Any interruption or delay in the supply of any of these components, or the inability to procure these components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable time, would substantially harm our business. In addition, qualifying additional suppliers can be time-consuming and expensive and may increase the likelihood of errors.

    We use a rolling 12-month forecast based on anticipated product orders to determine our material requirements. Lead times for materials and components we order vary significantly, and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for a component at a given time. It is our practice to maintain a 12-month inventory of sole source components to decrease the risk of a component shortage.

Research and Development

    In fiscal 1999, fiscal 2000 and the nine months ended January 31, 2001, our research and development expenses were $7.9 million, $13.8 million and $20.9 million, respectively. We believe that our future success depends on our ability to continue to enhance our existing products and to develop new products that maintain technological competitiveness. We focus our product development activities on addressing the evolving needs of our customers within the LAN, SAN, CATV networks and extended network markets. In connection with our acquisitions of Sensors and Demeter, we are also focusing research and development efforts in testing the stability and accuracy of fiber optic cables as well as developing lasers for fiber-optic communications. We work closely with our original equipment manufacturers and system integrators to monitor changes in the marketplace. We design our products around current industry standards and will continue to support emerging standards that are consistent with our product strategy. Our research and development groups are aligned with our different product lines and we have specific groups devoted to ASIC design and test, gigabit per second subsystem design, test equipment hardware and software design. In addition, our research and development also includes manufacturing engineer efforts whereby we examine each product for its manufacturability, predicted reliability, expected lifetime and manufacturing costs.

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    We are currently undertaking development efforts for our product lines with emphasis on increasing reliability, integrity and performance, as well as value-added functions. Some examples of products that we are working on are 10 Gbps Ethernet and 2.125 Gbps Fibre Channel optical subsystems. We also intend to focus on increased product integration to enhance the price/performance capabilities of our products. We believe that our research and development efforts are key to our ability to maintain technical competitiveness and to deliver innovative products that address the needs of the market. However, there can be no assurance that our product development efforts will result in commercially successful products, or that our products will not be rendered obsolete by changing technology or new product announcements by other companies.

Intellectual Property

    Our success and ability to compete is dependent in part on our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality agreements and licensing arrangements, to establish and protect our proprietary rights. To date, we have relied primarily on proprietary processes and know-how to protect our intellectual property. Although we have filed for several patents, some of which have issued, we cannot assure you that any patents will issue as a result of pending patent applications or that our issued patents will be upheld. Any infringement of our proprietary rights could result in significant litigation costs, and any failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights could result in our competitors offering similar products, potentially resulting in loss of a competitive advantage and decreased revenues. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, existing patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws afford only limited protection. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Attempts may be made to copy or reverse engineer aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Accordingly, we may not be able to prevent misappropriation of our technology or deter others from developing similar technology. Furthermore, policing the unauthorized use of our products is difficult. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could significantly harm our business.

    The networking industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent litigation based on allegations of patent infringement. From time to time, third parties may assert patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights to technologies and in various jurisdictions that are important to our business. Any claims asserting that our products infringe or may infringe proprietary rights of third parties, if determined adversely to us, could significantly harm our business. Any claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel, cause product shipment delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any of which could significantly harm our business. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In addition, our agreements with our customers typically require us to indemnify our customers from any expense or liability resulting from claimed infringement of third party intellectual property rights. In the event a claim against us was successful and we could not obtain a license to the relevant technology on acceptable terms or license a substitute technology or redesign our products to avoid infringement, our business would be significantly harmed.

Recent Developments

    Acquisition of Sensors Unlimited, Inc.  On October 17, 2000, we completed the acquisition of Sensors Unlimited, Inc. Sensors is a leading supplier of optical components that monitor the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexing networks. Sensors' technology enables

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telecommunications companies to optimize the use of existing bandwidth in fiber optic networks. Sensors operates as a subsidiary of Finisar at its facility in Princeton, New Jersey.

    Acquisition of Demeter Technologies, Inc.  In November 2000, we completed the acquisition of Demeter Technologies, Inc., a privately-held company located in El Monte, California. Demeter was founded in June 2000 and is focused on the development of long wavelength Fabry Perot and distributed feedback lasers for datacom and telecommunications applications. Demeter operates as a subsidiary of Finisar at its facility in El Monte, California.

    Acquisition of Medusa Technologies, Inc.  In March 2001, we completed the acquisition of Medusa Technologies, Inc., a privately-held company located near Austin, Texas. Established in June 1997, Medusa provides training and testing services focusing on Fibre Channel and other networking technologies. Medusa operates as a subsidiary of Finisar at its facility near Austin, Texas.

Pending Litigation

    In April 1999, Methode Electronics, a manufacturer of electronic component devices, filed a lawsuit against us and another manufacturer, Hewlett-Packard Co., in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois alleging that our optoelectronic products infringe four patents held by Methode. The original complaint sought monetary damages and injunctive relief. In July 1999, we and Hewlett-Packard filed a motion, which was opposed by Methode, to transfer the case to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. In August 1999, the Court granted our motion and the case is now pending in the Northern District. Methode has amended its complaint to add Agilent Technologies, Inc. as a party, to allege infringement of a fifth Methode patent and to allege that we breached our obligations under a license and supply agreement with Methode by failing to provide Methode with unspecified information regarding new technology related to the products licensed under the agreement. The amended complaint seeks additional compensatory damages of at least $224.3 million plus interest for the alleged breach of contract. On June 5, 2000, Methode transferred the patents at issue in the litigation, as well as a number of other patents, to an affiliated company, Stratos Lightwave LLC, and on June 21, 2000, Stratos Lightwave LLC transferred the same patents to Stratos Lightwave, Inc. Methode has filed a motion to add Stratos Lighwave, Inc. to the lawsuit as an additional plaintiff. In September 2000, Methode and Stratos Lightwave filed an additional lawsuit against us, alleging infringement of a sixth patent, which issued in August 2000. This patent is a reissue of a previous patent that is the parent of four of the five patents that are the subject of the original lawsuit filed by Methode against Finisar. In January 2001, Methode and Stratos Lightwave filed a third lawsuit against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that our optoelectronic products infringe a seventh patent, which issued in July 1998. This patent is not directly related to the patents at issue in the first two lawsuits, but instead is directed to a different aspect of the same optoelectronic patents that are in dispute in the other lawsuits.

    Based on consultation with our counsel, it is our position that the Methode patents are invalid, unenforceable and/or not infringed by our products. The United States Patent and Trademark Office has determined that all of the claims asserted by Methode in one of the patents are invalid, although this determination is not final and is subject to further administrative review. We also believe, based on consultation with our counsel, that the breach of contract claim included in the amended complaint is without merit and that, in any event, the amended complaint grossly overstates the amount of damages that Methode could possibly have suffered as a result of any such breach. We believe that we have strong defenses against Methode's lawsuit. In addition, we have filed a counterclaim against Methode asserting, among other things, that one of our founders, Frank H. Levinson, is the primary inventor of the technology that is the subject of all seven patents, that Methode improperly obtained the patents based on our disclosure of the technology to Methode and that we are the rightful owner or co-owner of the patents. Portions of our counterclaim, based on principles of state law, were dismissed in

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May 2000 on grounds of federal preemption; however, our basic claims of ownership of the patents remain subject to our pending counterclaims.

    We intend to defend Methode's lawsuits and pursue our counterclaims vigorously. However, the litigation is in the preliminary stage, and we cannot predict its outcome with certainty. The litigation process is inherently uncertain. Patent litigation is particularly complex and can extend for a protracted time, which can substantially increase the cost of such litigation. In connection with the Methode litigation, we have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, substantial legal fees and expenses. The Methode litigation has also diverted, and is expected to continue to divert, the efforts and attention of some of our key management and technical personnel. As a result, our defense of this litigation, regardless of its eventual outcome, has been, and will likely continue to be, costly and time consuming. Should the outcome of the litigation be adverse to us, we could be required to pay significant monetary damages to Methode and could be enjoined from selling those of our products found to infringe Methode's patents unless and until we are able to negotiate a license from Methode. In the event we obtain a license from Methode, we would likely be required to make royalty payments with respect to sales of our products covered by the license. Any such payments would increase our cost of revenues and reduce our gross profit. If we are required to pay significant monetary damages, are enjoined from selling any of our products or are required to make substantial royalty payments pursuant to any such license agreement, our business would be significantly harmed.

Facilities

    Our headquarters facility is located in Sunnyvale, California. We lease approximately 75,000 square feet for our corporate headquarters which includes research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative and manufacturing operations. This lease expires in July 2006. We currently sublease approximately 15,000 square feet of this facility. We believe our current facilities will be adequate to meet our needs for the foreseeable future.

    In addition, we continue to lease our prior facility in Mountain View, California, under a lease expiring in May 2002. We intend to continue subleasing this 20,000 square foot facility through the expiration of the lease term.

    In November 2000, we purchased a 92,000 square foot facility in Sunnyvale, California, consisting of three buildings, for approximately $32.5 million cash plus closing costs. The facility is currently under lease to a tenant through November 13, 2002 at which time the tenant has an option to renew the lease at fair market value for an additional five years.

    Sensors leases approximately 38,000 square feet of space in Princeton, New Jersey, for manufacturing, technical, administrative and support functions. This lease expires in January 2004.

    Demeter currently leases two facilities consisting of approximately 17,000 square feet of space in El Monte, California, for manufacturing, technical, administrative and support functions. The leases expire in August 2003 with options to renew for an additional period of time.

Employees

    As of January 31, 2001, we employed a total of 616 full-time employees. We also from time to time employ part-time employees and hire contractors. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe that our employee relations are good.

52



MANAGEMENT

Executive Officers and Directors

    Our executive officers and directors, and their ages as of January 31, 2001, are as follows:

Name

  Age
  Position(S)
Jerry S. Rawls   55   President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Frank H. Levinson   47   Chairman of the Board and Chief Technical Officer
Mark J. Farley   38   Vice President, Digital Systems Engineering
Jan Lipson   49   Vice President, Optical Engineering
Stephen K. Workman   49   Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
Gregory H. Olsen   55   Executive Vice President and Director
Michael C. Child   45   Director
Roger C. Ferguson   57   Director
Richard B. Lieb   52   Director
Larry D. Mitchell   57   Director

    Jerry S. Rawls has served as a member of our Board of Directors since March 1989, as our President since April 1989 and as our Chief Executive Officer since August 1999. From September 1968 to February 1989, Mr. Rawls was employed by Raychem Corporation, a materials science and engineering company, where he held various management positions including Division General Manager of the Aerospace Products Division and Interconnection Systems Division. Mr. Rawls holds a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Texas Tech University and an M.S. in Industrial Administration from Purdue University.

    Frank H. Levinson founded Finisar in April 1987 and has served as a member of our Board of Directors since February 1988 and as our Chairman of the Board and Chief Technical Officer since August 1999. Mr. Levinson also served as our Chief Executive Officer from February 1988 to August 1999. From September 1980 to December 1983, Mr. Levinson was a Member of Technical Staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories. From January 1984 to July 1984, he was a Member of Technical Staff at Bellcore, a provider of services and products to the communications industry. From April 1985 to December 1985, Mr. Levinson was the principal optical scientist at Raychem Corporation, and from January 1986 to February 1988, he was Optical Department Manager at Raynet, Inc., a fiber optic systems company. Mr. Levinson holds a B.S. in Mathematics/Physics from Butler University and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Astronomy from the University of Virginia.

    Mark J. Farley has served as our Vice President, Digital Systems Engineering since April 1996. From August 1991 to April 1996, Mr. Farley was a consulting design engineer. During that time, Mr. Farley was heavily involved in the design of Finisar's early products. From September 1986 to August 1991, Mr. Farley was a hardware design manager with Raynet, Inc. From September 1984 to September 1986, he was a hardware design manager at Tandem Computers. Mr. Farley holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

    Jan Lipson has served as our Vice President, Optical Engineering since April 1998. From June 1995 to April 1998, Mr. Lipson was Vice-President, Advanced Technology for Ortel Corporation, a fiber optic components supplier to the cable television industry. From March 1982 to June 1995, Mr. Lipson was employed by AT&T Bell Laboratories, and most recently held the position of Department Head and Development Manager for the Subsystems Development Group in the Lightwave Communications Area. From October 1978 to March 1982, Mr. Lipson was a member of the technical staff at Los Alamos National Labs. Mr. Lipson holds a B.S. in Physics from the California

53


Institute of Technology, a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of California at San Diego and an M.B.A. from the University of Pittsburgh.

    Stephen K. Workman has served as our Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer since March 1999 and as our Secretary since August 1999. From November 1989 to March 1999, Mr. Workman served as Chief Financial Officer at Ortel Corporation. Mr. Workman holds a B.S. in Engineering Science and an M.S. in Industrial Administration from Purdue University.

    Gregory H. Olsen has served on our Board of Directors, as our Executive Vice President and President and Chief Executive Officer of Sensors Unlimited, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Finisar, since the closing of the acquisition of Sensors in October 2000. Dr. Olsen founded Sensors Unlimited, a fiber optic component company, in 1991 and has served as its President and Chief Executive Officer since inception. In 1984 Dr. Olsen founded EPITAXX, Inc., and served as its President and Chief Executive Officer from inception until 1990 when EPITAXX was acquired by Nippon Sheet Glass. Dr. Olsen holds a B.S. in Physics, a BSEE and an M.S. in Physics (magna cum laude) from Fairleigh Dickenson University and a Ph.D. in Material Science from the University of Virginia.

    Michael C. Child has been a member of our Board of Directors since November 1998. Mr. Child has been employed by TA Associates, Inc., a venture capital investment firm, since July 1982 where he currently serves as a Managing Director. Mr. Child also serves on the Board of Directors of Fargo Electronics. Mr. Child holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of California at Davis and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

    Roger J. Ferguson has been a member of our Board of Directors since August 1999. Mr. Ferguson has served as Chief Executive Officer of Semio Inc., an early stage software company, since July 1999 and as a principal in VenCraft, LLC, a venture capital partnership, since July 1997. From 1993 to 1997, Mr. Ferguson was Chief Executive Officer of DataTools, Inc., a database software company. From 1987 to 1993, Mr. Ferguson served as Chief Operating Officer for Network General Inc., a network analysis company. Mr. Ferguson also serves on the Boards of Directors of Microtest, Inc. and several private companies. Mr. Ferguson holds a B.A. in Psychology from Dartmouth College and an M.B.A. from the Amos Tuck School at Dartmouth.

    Richard B. Lieb has been a member of our Board of Directors since October 1999. Since November 1990 Mr. Lieb has served as Executive President of SEI Investments, an investment and investment processing business solutions company. He is also on the Advisory Board of Cross Atlantic Technology Fund, a technology venture capital fund in Radnor, Pennsylvania. Mr. Lieb holds a B.A. in History from Duke University and an M.A. in Public Administration from the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania.

    Larry D. Mitchell has been a member of our Board of Directors since October 1999. Mr. Mitchell has been retired since October 1997. From October 1994 to October 1997, he served as a site General Manager in Roseville, California for Hewlett-Packard. Mr. Mitchell holds a B.A. in Engineering Science from Dartmouth College and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

    Our President, Secretary and Chief Financial Officer are elected by the Board of Directors, all other executive officers are elected by the Board of Directors or appointed by the President, and all officers serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Each of our officers and directors, other than nonemployee directors, devotes his full time to the affairs of Finisar.

Composition of the Board of Directors

    Our Board of Directors is currently fixed at seven directors. Our certificate of incorporation provides that the terms of office of the members of the Board of Directors will be divided into three classes: Class I, whose term will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2001, Class II, whose term will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2001 and Class III,

54


whose term will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2002. The Class I directors are Messrs. Ferguson, Mitchell and Olsen, the Class II directors are Messrs. Levinson and Lieb, and the Class III directors are Messrs. Child and Rawls. At each annual meeting of stockholders after the initial classification, the successors to directors whose term will then expire will be elected to serve from the time of election and qualification until the third annual meeting following their election. Our nonemployee directors devote such time to our affairs as is necessary to discharge their duties. There are no family relationships among any of our directors, officers or key employees.

Board Committees

    The audit committee of our Board of Directors recommends the appointment of our independent auditors, reviews our internal accounting procedures and financial statements and consults with and reviews the services provided by our independent auditors, including the results and scope of their audit. The audit committee currently consists of Messrs. Child, Ferguson and Mitchell.

    The compensation committee of our Board of Directors reviews and recommends to the Board of Directors the compensation and benefits of all executive officers of Finisar and establishes and reviews general policies relating to compensation and benefits of Finisar employees. The compensation committee currently consists of Messrs. Child and Ferguson.

Compensation of Directors

    Directors of Finisar do not receive cash compensation for their services as directors or members of committees of the Board of Directors. However, non-employee directors are eligible to receive stock options. We do reimburse directors for their reasonable expenses incurred in attending meetings of the Board of Directors.

55


Executive Compensation

    The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and our four other most highly compensated executive officers, as of April 30, 2000, during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2000, 1999 and 1998.


Summary Compensation Table

 
   
   
   
   
  Long Term
Compensation Awards
Securities
Underlying
Options

   
 
  Annual Compensation
   
Name and Principal Position

  Year
  Salary
  Bonus
  Other Annual
Compensation

  All Other
Compensation

Jerry S. Rawls   2000   $ 200,000   $ 1,000   $ 1,923        
  President and Chief Executive Officer   1999
1998
  $
$
189,423
166,346
  $
$
106,192
94,000
  $ 4,677  
  $

Frank Levinson

 

2000

 

$

200,000

 

$

1,000

 

$

2,308

 


 

 

 
  Chief Technical Officer   1999   $ 189,423   $ 106,192   $ 3,581     $
    1998   $ 166,385   $ 94,000              

Mark J. Farley

 

2000

 

$

165,000

 

$

6,000

 

$

1,587

 

 

 

 

 
  Vice President, Digital Systems Engineering   1999
1998
  $
$
149,423
128,846
  $
$
64,731
53,000
  $ 2,857  
  $

Jan Lipson

 

2000

 

$

150,000

 

$

6,000

 

$

1,731

 


 

 

 
  Vice President, Optical Engineering   1999
1998
  $
142,308
  $
44,077
  $
162
  900,000
(1)
$

Stephen K. Workman

 

2000

 

$

150,000

 

$

6,000

 

$

1,298

 


 

 

 
  Chief Financial Officer and Secretary   1999
1998
  $
17,308
  $
3,500
      600,000
(1)
$

(1)
This option is immediately exercisable, subject to a right of repurchase in favor of Finisar which lapses at a rate of 20% per year over a period of five years.

Stock Options Granted in Fiscal 2000

    No options were granted to the persons named in the Summary Compensation Table during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2000.

Option Exercises and Fiscal 2000 Year-End Values

    The following table provides the specified information concerning exercises of options to purchase our common stock in the fiscal year ended April 30, 2000, and unexercised options held as of April 30, 2000, by the persons named in the Summary Compensation Table above. There were no exercises of options by any of the officers named in the Summary Compensation Table during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2000.

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AGGREGATE OPTION EXERCISES IN LAST FISCAL YEAR AND FISCAL YEAR-END VALUES

 
  Number of Securities
Underlying Unexercised
Options At Fiscal Year End

  Value of Unexercised
In-The-Money Options
At Fiscal Year End(1)

Name

  Exercisable(2)
  Unexercisable
  Exercisable(2)
  Unexercisable
Jerry S. Rawls       $   $
Frank H. Levinson            
Mark J. Farley   1,884,620     $ 70,320,826    
Jan Lipson            
Stephen K. Workman            

(1)
Based on a fair market value of $37.313, the closing price of our common stock on April 28, 2000, as reported by the Nasdaq National Market.

(2)
Stock options granted under the 1999 Option Plan prior to our initial public offering of common stock in November 1999 are generally immediately exercisable at the date of grant, but shares received upon exercise of unvested options are subject to repurchase by Finisar. Options granted after this date under the 1999 Option Plan are generally not immediately exercisable at the date of grant.

Stock Plans

    Finisar's 1999 stock option plan was adopted by the Board of Directors and approved by the stockholders in April 1999. Finisar is authorized to issue up to 21,000,000 shares of common stock under this plan. This number of shares will be increased on May 1, 2001 and each subsequent May 1 during the term of the plan by 5% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding April 30. The 1999 stock option plan is currently being administered by the Board of Directors. The plan allows grants of incentive stock options, within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, to employees, including officers and employee directors. In addition, it allows grants of nonstatutory options to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The plan expires in April 2009, but may be terminated sooner by the Board of Directors.

    The exercise price of incentive stock options granted under the 1999 stock option plan must not be less than the fair market value of a share of the common stock on the date of grant. In the case of nonstatutory stock options, the exercise price must not be less than 85% of the fair market value of a share of the common stock on the date of grant. With respect to an incentive stock option granted to any optionee who owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of Finisar's outstanding capital stock, the exercise price of the option must be equal to at least 110% of the fair market value of a share of the common stock on the date of grant, and the term of the option may not exceed five years. The terms of all other options may not exceed ten years. The aggregate fair market value (determined as of the date of option grant) of the common stock for which incentive stock options may become exercisable for the first time by any optionee may not exceed $100,000 in any calendar year. The Board of Directors has the discretion to determine vesting schedules and exercise requirements, if any, of all options granted under the plan. However, the plan provides that in connection with a change in control, if the acquiring corporation fails to assume the plan's outstanding options or replace them with substantially equivalent new options, all options will become immediately exercisable in full. In addition, the plan allows the Board of Directors to provide in any option

57


agreement full acceleration of the exercisability of these options if, within 12 months following a change in control, the optionee is terminated without cause or resigns for "good reason," which includes:

    As of January 31, 2001, under the 1999 stock option plan 3,891,039 shares of common stock had been issued upon exercise of options outstanding, options to purchase 8,791,986 shares of common stock, with a weighted average exercise price of $17.87, were outstanding, and 8,316,975 shares of common stock remained available for future grants.

    Finisar's 1989 stock option plan was adopted by the Board of Directors and approved by the stockholders in April 1989. Prior to the expiration of its ten-year term in April 1999, a total of 19,638,800 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 1989 stock option plan. Although no additional options will be granted under this plan, options for 2,278,620 shares of common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2001 remain subject to its provisions and the plan will continue to be administered by the Board of Directors.

    The 1989 stock option plan allowed the grant of incentive stock options and nonstatutory stock options. The exercise price of incentive stock options granted under the plan was required to be not less than the fair market value of a share of the common stock on the date of grant. The exercise price of nonstatutory stock options granted under the plan was required to be not less than 85% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant. With respect to any optionee who owned stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of Finisar's outstanding capital stock, the exercise price of any option was required to be equal to at least 110% of the fair market value of a share of the common stock on the date of grant, the term of any incentive stock option could not exceed five years and the term of any nonstatutory stock option could not exceed five years and one day. The terms of all other options could not exceed ten years. The aggregate fair market value (determined as of the date of option grant) of the common stock for which incentive stock options could become exercisable for the first time by any optionee could not exceed $100,000 in any calendar year. The Board of Directors had the discretion to determine vesting schedules and exercise requirements, if any, of all option grants under this plan. However, the plan provided that in connection with a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of Finisar, or a merger of Finisar with or into another corporation, if the acquiring corporation fails to assume the plan's outstanding options or replace them with equivalent new options, all options will become immediately vested and exercisable in full.

    As of January 31, 2001, under the 1989 stock option plan 15,688,980 shares of common stock had been issued upon exercise of options outstanding and options to purchase 2,278,620 shares of common stock, at a weighted average exercise price of $0.07, were outstanding.

    Finisar's 2001 stock option plan was adopted by the Board of Directors in February 2001. Finisar is authorized to issue up to 700,000 shares of Series A preferred stock under this plan. The 2001 stock option plan is currently being administered by the Board of Directors. The plan allows grants of nonstatutory options to employees and consultants. Finisar intends to grant options under the 2001

58


stock option plan to eligible persons in connection with its acquisitions of Medusa, Shomiti and Transwave. The plan will continue in effect until the earlier of its termination by the Board of Directors or the date on which all of the shares of stock available for issuance under the plan have been issued.

    The exercise price of options granted under the 2001 stock option plan must not be less than 85% of the fair market value of a share of the Series A preferred stock on the date of grant and the term of the options may not exceed ten years. The Board of Directors has the discretion to determine vesting schedules and exercise requirements, if any, of all options granted under the plan. However, the plan provides that in connection with a change in control, if the acquiring corporation fails to assume the plan's outstanding options or replaces them with substantially equivalent new options, all options will become immediately exercisable in full. In addition, the plan allows the Board of Directors to provide in any option agreement full acceleration of the exercisability of these options if, within 12 months following a change in control, the optionee is terminated without cause or resigns for "good reason," which includes:

    No options were outstanding under the 2001 stock option plan as of January 31, 2001.

    In connection with our acquisition of Sensors, we assumed all outstanding options issued under the Sensors Unlimited Second Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan. These assumed options were converted into options to acquire Finisar common stock, on the same terms and conditions applicable under the Sensors option plan. At the closing of our acquisition of Sensors, the assumed options vested to the extent of the greater of (1) 25% of the total number of shares subject to the option or (2) the vested percentage of the Sensors option at the closing of the merger, up to a maximum of 50% of the total number of shares subject to the option. The remainder will vest in three approximately equal installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of the closing of the merger, subject to the optionholder's continued service with us or a subsidiary.

    As of January 31, 2001, assumed options issued under the Sensors option plan to purchase 381,417 shares of common stock, at a weighted exercise price of $0.31, were outstanding.

    In connection with our acquisition of Demeter, we assumed all outstanding options issued under Demeter's 2000 Stock Option Plan. These assumed options were converted into options to acquire Finisar common stock, on the same terms and conditions applicable under Demeter's option plan. The assumed options generally vest to the extent of 25% of the total number of shares subject to the option at the end of one year after the date of grant, with the remainder vesting in 36 equal monthly installments, subject to the optionholder's continued service with us or a subsidiary.

    As of January 31, 2001, assumed options issued under Demeter's option plan to purchase 566,573 shares, at a weighted exercise price of $1.08, were outstanding.

59


    Finisar's 1999 employee stock purchase plan was adopted by the Board of Directors and approved by the stockholders in September 1999. A total of 750,000 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the plan, cumulatively increased by 250,000 shares on May 1, 2001 and each May 1 thereafter through May 1, 2010. This plan, which is intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code, is administered by the Board of Directors. Employees, including officers and employee directors, are eligible to participate in the plan if they are employed by Finisar for more than 20 hours per week and more than five months in any calendar year. The plan will be implemented during sequential 12-month offering periods, generally commencing on or about December 1 of each year. In addition, a six-month offering period will generally commence on June 1 of each year.

    The employee stock purchase plan permits eligible employees to purchase our common stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 20% of the employee's total compensation. Stock may be purchased under the plan at a price equal to 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on either the first or the last day of the offering period, whichever is lower. Employees may end their participation in the offering at any time during the offering period, and participation ends automatically on termination of a participant's employment with Finisar. Participants may not purchase shares of common stock having a value, measured at the beginning of the offering period, greater than $25,000 in any calendar year or more than a number of shares in any offering period determined by dividing $25,000 (or $12,500 with respect to a six-month offering period) by the fair market value of a share of Finisar common stock determined at the beginning of the offering period.

401(k) Plan

    Our 401(k) retirement and deferred savings plan covers all eligible employees and is intended to qualify as a tax-qualified plan under the Internal Revenue Code. Employees are eligible to participate in the plan on the first day of the month immediately following twelve months of service with Finisar. The plan provides that each participant may contribute up to 12% of his or her pre-tax gross compensation up to a statutory limit, which is $10,500 in calendar year 2000. All amounts contributed by participants and earnings on participant contributions are fully vested at all times. Finisar may contribute an amount equal to one-half of the first 5% of each participant's contribution. Finisar's contributions vest one-fifth per year over five years.

Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability

    As permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, we have adopted provisions in our certificate of incorporation which provide that our directors shall not be personally liable for monetary damages to Finisar or its stockholders for a breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except liability for:

    These limitations of liability do not apply to liabilities arising under the federal securities laws and do not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. Our certificate of incorporation also authorizes us to indemnify our officers, directors and other agents to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law.

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    As permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, our bylaws provide that:

    We have entered into separate indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers which may be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the Delaware General Corporation Law. These indemnification agreements may require us, among other things, to indemnify our directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct. These indemnification agreements also may require us to advance any expenses incurred by the directors or officers as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified and to obtain directors' and officers' insurance if available on reasonable terms.

    At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers, employees or agents where indemnification by us is sought. In addition, we are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding which may result in a claim for indemnification.

    We maintain directors' and officers' liability insurance.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

    Since April 30, 1997, there has not been, nor is there currently, any transaction or series of similar transactions to which Finisar was or is a party in which the amount involved exceeds $60,000 and in which any director, executive officer or holder of more than five percent of Finisar's capital stock had or will have a direct or indirect material interest other than the agreements which are described below and in "Management" above.

Financing Transaction

    In November 1998, we sold and issued an aggregate of 12,039,486 shares of our convertible redeemable preferred stock at a price of $2.1932 per share. TA Associates, Inc., of which Mr. Child is a Managing Director, and its affiliated entities purchased 9,422,305 of such shares for an aggregate purchase price of $20,665,000. Upon the closing of our initial public offering in November 1999, each share of convertible redeemable preferred stock was converted into 0.7460371 of a share of common stock and one share of redeemable preferred stock, and all outstanding shares of redeemable preferred stock were redeemed for $0.2193 per share.

Loan to Officer

    In August 1998, we loaned $225,000 to Mr. Lipson. This loan was evidenced by a promissory note bearing interest at the rate of 2% per annum and collateralized by a deed of trust owned by Mr. Lipson. Mr. Lipson repaid this loan in full in December 1998.

Contributions to Capital and Repurchases of Common Stock

    In March 1998, Mr. Levinson and his wife contributed 2,200,000 shares of our common stock, having a fair market value of $0.13 per share, to the capital of Finisar.

    We used a portion of the proceeds of our convertible redeemable preferred stock financing and related bank borrowings in November 1998 to repurchase 7,397,922 shares of our common stock from Mr. Levinson at a per share price of $2.1932 for an aggregate purchase price of $16,225,123, 5,439,373 and 1,400,000 shares of our common stock from Mr. Rawls and a trust for the benefit of members of his family, respectively, at a per share price of $2.1932 for aggregate purchase prices of $11,929,633 and $3,070,480, respectively, and 220,000 shares of our common stock from Mr. Farley at a per share price of $2.1932 for an aggregate purchase price of $482,504. Giving effect to the repurchases of common stock, the net proceeds from our sale of the convertible redeemable preferred stock and the related bank borrowings were $5.6 million.

Option Grants and Exercises

    In March 1998, we granted Mr. Farley an option to purchase an aggregate of 2,200,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $0.13 per share. Mr. Farley exercised a portion of this option to purchase 1,538,460 shares. The exercise price was paid by Mr. Farley by delivery to us of a promissory note in the principal amount of $200,000, bearing interest at the rate of 6% per annum and collateralized by shares of our common stock owned by Mr. Farley. Mr. Farley repaid this loan in full in January 1999.

    In March 1999, we granted Mr. Workman an option to purchase an aggregate of 200,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $1.31 per share. Mr. Workman exercised this option in full in April 1999. The exercise price was paid by Mr. Workman by delivery to us of a promissory note in the principal amount of $262,000 bearing interest at the rate of 6% per annum. This promissory note is payable in full by April 2004 and is collateralized by shares of our common stock owned by Mr. Workman.

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Employment Agreement

    Effective on the closing of the acquisition of Sensors Unlimited, Inc. on October 17, 2000, Gregory H. Olsen, the President and Chief Executive Officer of Sensors, was elected a director of Finisar and appointed to the position of Executive Vice President of Finisar. In connection with his continued employment with Finisar, Dr. Olsen entered into a three-year employment agreement that provides for an annual base salary of $200,000 and annual bonuses based on performance and the achievement of financial goals. Dr. Olsen was also granted an option to purchase 300,000 shares of Finisar's common stock under Finisar's 1999 Option Plan pursuant to Finisar's standard option agreement and vesting terms. If Dr. Olsen's employment is terminated other than by reason of death or disability or for cause, he will be entitled to receive severance payments equal to twelve months of his base salary and a pro-rated portion of the annual bonus, if any, for the prior fiscal year. The severance payments will be paid in equal, bi-weekly installments over the twelve-month period following the date of termination. In addition, Dr. Olsen entered into a noncompetition agreement under which he agreed, during the three-year period following the closing of the acquisition, not to engage, other than on behalf of Finisar, in any business that competes with the business of Sensors, accept employment with a customer of Sensors with the intent of depriving Sensors of business or request or advise customers or suppliers of Sensors to withdraw or curtail their business with Sensors. The terms of these agreements were negotiated at arm's length in connection with the negotiation of the terms of the acquisition of Sensors.

Indemnification Agreements

    We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers. These indemnification agreements require Finisar to indemnify such individuals to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.

63



PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

    The following table sets forth information known to us regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of January 31, 2001 by:


 
  Shares of
Common Stock
Beneficially Owned(1)

 
Beneficial Owner(1)

  Number
  Percentage
 
5% Stockholders:          
Margaret G. Rawls   9,998,753   5.4 %
Putnam Investments, LLC(2)   18,991,710   10.6 %
Executive Officers and Directors:          
Jerry S. Rawls(3)   9,612,381   5.2 %
Frank H. Levinson(4)   41,142,497   22.2 %
Gregory H. Olsen(5)   6,926,038   3.7 %
Mark J. Farley(6)   4,328,975   2.3 %
Jan Lipson(7)   602,312   *  
Stephen K. Workman(8)   530,238   *  
Michael C. Child   62,836   *  
Roger C. Ferguson(9)   90,000   *  
Richard B. Lieb(10)   16,000   *  
Larry D. Mitchell(11)   22,500   *  
All executive officers and directors as a group (10 persons)(12)   63,333,777   33.8 %

*
Less than 1%.

(1)
Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each of the named individuals is: c/o Finisar Corporation, 1308 Moffett Park Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. All shares of common stock subject to options exercisable within 60 days following January 31, 2001 are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding those options for the purpose of computing the number of shares beneficially owned and the percentage of ownership of that person. They are not, however, deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Accordingly, percent ownership is based on 185,592,498 shares of common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2001 plus any shares issuable pursuant to options held by the person or group in question which may be exercised within 60 days following January 31, 2001. Except as indicated in the other footnotes to the table and subject to applicable community property laws, based on information provided by the persons named in the table, these persons have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of the common stock shown as beneficially owned by them.

(2)
Includes 16,593,460 shares held by Putnam Investment Management, LLC and 2,398,250 shares held by The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC. Putnam Investment Management, LLC and The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC are both wholly-owned subsidiaries of Putnam Investments, LLC. Both subsidiaries have dispository power over the shares as investment managers, but each

64


(3)
Includes 3,791,593 shares held by the Rawls Family, L.P. Mr. Rawls is the president of the Rawls Management Corporation, the general partner of the Rawls Family, L.P.

(4)
Includes 32,797,879 shares held by the Frank H. & Wynnette Levinson 1998 Revocable Trust, 2,654,618 shares held by the Frank H. & Wynnette Levinson 1999 Revocable Trust, 1,715,000 held by Seti Trading Co., Inc., an investment company owned by Frank and Wynnette Levinson, 1,325,000 shares held by the Rose Wynnette Levinson 1998 Gift Trust, 1,325,000 shares held by the Alana Marie Levinson 1998 Gift Trust and 1,325,000 shares held by the Frank Henry Levinson 1998 Gift Trust.

(5)
Includes 4,957,500 shares held in escrow in connection with our acquisition of Sensors. One third of such amount will be released on each of the first three anniversaries of October 17, 2000, subject to the achievement of certain development milestones set forth in the acquisition agreement.

(6)
Includes 1,749,620 shares issuable upon exercise of options exercisable within 60 days following January 31, 2001, 1,679,355 shares held by the Farley Family Trust and 900,000 shares held by an irrevocable trust for the benefit of Mr. Farley's child.

(7)
Includes 540,000 shares subject to a right of repurchase in favor of Finisar which lapses over time.

(8)
Includes 480,000 shares subject to a right of repurchase in favor of Finisar which lapses over time.

(9)
Includes 72,000 shares which are subject to a right of repurchase in favor of Finisar which lapses over time.

(10)
Includes 500 shares held by Mr. Lieb's spouse, 300 shares held by Mr. Lieb's children and 9,200 shares issuable upon exercise of an option exercisable within 60 days following January 31, 2001.

(11)
Includes 22,500 shares issuable upon exercise of an option exercisable within 60 days following January 31, 2001.

(12)
Includes 1,092,000 shares subject to a right of repurchase in favor of Finisar, 1,781,320 shares issuable upon exercise of options exercisable within 60 days following January 31, 2001 and 4,957,500 shares held in escrow in connection with our acquisition of Sensors.

65



SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

    The following table sets forth the number of shares owned by each of the selling stockholders as of January 31, 2001. None of the selling stockholders has had a material relationship with Finisar within the past three years other than employment agreements entered into in connection with our acquisition of Demeter and as a result of the ownership of the shares or other securities of Finisar acquired in connection with the acquisition of Demeter. None of the selling stockholders is the beneficial owner of 1% or more of our common stock. No estimate can be given as to the amount of shares that will be held by the selling stockholders after completion of this offering because the selling stockholders may offer all, some or none of the shares. The shares offered by this prospectus may be offered from time to time by the selling stockholders named below.

Name of Selling Stockholders

  Shares Owned
Before Offering

  Shares to Be
Offered(1)

  Shares Owned
After Offering(2)

AXT, Inc.   1,182,049   1,063,845   118,204
Robert Shih   525,355   472,820   52,535
Theodore Young   525,355   472,820 (3) 52,535
The Phoenix Trust   520,748   468,674   52,074
Regissell Limitee   497,078   447,371   49,707
Global Edge Capital   402,396   362,157   40,239
Alliance Commercial Management Ltd.   378,726   340,854   37,872
Chiao Lan Huang   378,726   340,854   37,872
Ingram Ltd.   274,576   247,119   27,457
Nanotech Ltd.   236,703   213,033   23,670
J. T. Greaves   236,703   213,033   23,670
The Halsey Trust   236,703   213,033   23,670
Shee Family Trust   236,703   213,033   23,670
Rothesay Limited   142,022   127,820   14,202
Jay Hoge   94,681   85,213   9,468
David Brian Darby   47,340   42,606   4,734
Gary Young   47,340   42,606   4,734
Wilbank and Rebecca Roche Living Trust   23,670   21,303   2,367
Theodore E. Guth   23,670   21,303   2,367
Creatv MicroTech, Inc.   9,468   8,522   946

(1)
This registration statement also shall cover any additional shares of Finisar common stock which become issuable in connection with the shares registered for sale hereby by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or other similar transaction effected without the receipt of consideration which results in an increase in the number of outstanding shares of Finisar common stock.

(2)
Represents shares held in an escrow which may be subject to claims for indemnification by Finisar under the agreement and plan of reorganization with Demeter.

(3)
Includes 450,000 shares which have been pledged to Prudential Securities, Inc. Prudential Securities, Inc. is included as a selling stockholder for purposes of this prospectus.

66



DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

    Our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share.

    The following is a summary of the material terms of our common stock and preferred stock. Please see our certificate of incorporation for more detailed information.

Common Stock

    As of January 31, 2001, there were 185,592,498 shares of our common stock outstanding held of record by approximately 415 stockholders. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors standing for election. Subject to preferences applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably any dividends declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Finisar, holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in the assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, conversion or redemption rights. Each outstanding share of common stock is, and all shares of common stock to be outstanding upon the closing of this offering will be, fully paid and non-assessable.

Preferred Stock

    Up to 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock are authorized for issuance. Our Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by its stockholders, to issue preferred stock in one or more series. In addition, the Board of Directors may fix the rights, preferences and privileges of any preferred stock it determines to issue. Any or all of these rights may be superior to the rights of the common stock. Preferred stock could thus be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of Finisar or to make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may decrease the market price of our common stock. On February 28, 2001, we filed a Certificate of Designation of Preferences and Rights of the Series A Preferred Stock with the Delaware Secretary of State to designate 3,250,000 shares of our preferred stock as Series A Preferred Stock. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock will automatically be converted into three shares of our common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations and similar events, upon the effectiveness of an increase in the authorized number of shares of our common stock to not less than the number of shares sufficient to allow the conversion of each share of the Series A Preferred Stock. Pending conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, a holder of a share of Series A Preferred Stock will have the same rights as a holder of the number of shares of our common stock into which the share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible with respect to voting, receipt of dividends and receipt of distributions on a liquidation or winding up of Finisar.

Registration Rights

    Under the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of November 6, 1998, the purchasers of our convertible redeemable preferred stock have various registration rights with respect to shares of common stock into which their convertible redeemable preferred stock was converted. These holders have the right to require Finisar, on not more than two occasions, to file a registration statement under the Securities Act to register their shares at our expense. Demand for this registration must be made by holders of at least 20% of the shares that are entitled to this registration. The underwriters of the offering have the right, subject to some limitations, to limit the number of shares included.

67


    If we propose to register any of our securities under the Securities Act for our own account or for the account of other security holders, the purchasers of our convertible redeemable preferred stock are entitled to notice of that registration and have the right to include some or all of their shares of common stock in that registration, at our expense, subject to marketing and other limitations.

    The purchasers of our convertible redeemable preferred stock have the right to require Finisar, no more frequently than twice during any nine month period, to file a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act to register their shares at our expense. Demand for this registration must be made by the holders of at least 20% of the shares that are entitled to this registration. The underwriters of the offering have the right, subject to some limitations, to limit the number of shares included.

Antitakeover Provisions

    Finisar is subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law regulating corporate takeovers, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with an "interested stockholder," unless:

    Except as otherwise specified in Section 203, an "interested stockholder" is defined to include (a) any person that is the owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the corporation, or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and was the owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at any time within three years immediately prior to the date of determination and (b) the affiliates and associates of any such person.

    Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire, control of Finisar. These provisions could cause the price of our common stock to decrease. Some of these provisions allow us to issue preferred stock without any vote or further action by the stockholders, eliminate the right of stockholders to act by written consent without a meeting and eliminate cumulative voting in the election of directors. These provisions may make it more difficult for stockholders to take specific corporate actions and could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of Finisar.

    Our certificate of incorporation provides that the Board of Directors will be divided into three classes of directors, with each class serving a staggered three-year term. The classification system of electing directors may discourage a third party from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to

68


obtain control of us and may maintain the incumbency of the Board of Directors, because the classification of the Board of Directors generally increases the difficulty of replacing a majority of the directors.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

    The transfer agent and registrar for the common stock is American Stock Transfer and Trust Company.

69



SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

    Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the possibility of these sales, could adversely affect the trading price of the common stock.

    As of January 31, 2001, there were 185,592,498 shares of our common stock outstanding, including the shares to be sold in this offering. Of these shares, the 27,915,000 shares sold in our initial public offering, the 23,100,000 shares sold in our secondary public offering and the 5,418,019 shares being offered hereby will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, except for any shares purchased by "affiliates" of Finisar, as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, which would be subject to the limitations and restrictions described below. The remaining shares of common stock outstanding upon completion of this offering will be "restricted securities" as defined in Rule 144. These securities may be sold in the public market only if registered or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rules 144 or 701 under the Securities Act, which are summarized below.

    In general, under Rule 144, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who has beneficially owned restricted securities for at least one year would be entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares not to exceed the greater of (1) one percent of the then outstanding shares of common stock or (2) the average weekly trading volume of our common stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a Form 144 with respect to the sale. Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to manner of sale and notice requirements, as well as to the availability of current public information about us. Under Rule 144(k), a person who is not deemed to have been an affiliate at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale and who has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least two years is entitled to sell the shares without complying with the manner of sale, public information, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144. Shares issued upon exercise of options granted by us prior to the date of this prospectus will be available for sale in the public market under Rule 701 of the Securities Act. Rule 701 permits resales of these shares in reliance upon Rule 144 but without compliance with various restrictions, including the holding period requirement, imposed under Rule 144.

    As of the date of this prospectus, various shareholders hold shares subject to a right of repurchase in favor of Finisar. Subject to the applicable volume limitations discussed above, these shares will become available for sale in the public market as the repurchase options in favor of Finisar lapse.

    As of January 31, 2001, options to purchase an aggregate of 11,070,606 shares of common stock were outstanding under our stock option plans. Further, in connection with our acquisitions of Sensors and Demeter, we assumed options to purchase an aggregate of 947,990 shares of our common stock. We have filed registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register an aggregate of 21,747,011 shares of common stock issued or reserved for issuance under our stock option plans, our employee stock purchase plan, and those options assumed in connection with our acquisition of Sensors and Demeter. Shares of common stock issued under the foregoing plans will be freely tradable in the public market, subject to the Rule 144 limitations applicable to Finisar affiliates and vesting restrictions imposed by Finisar.

70



PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

    We have been advised by the selling stockholders named herein that they may sell all or a portion of their shares of common stock listed under Selling Stockholders above. As used herein, selling stockholders includes donees and pledgees selling shares received from a named selling stockholder after the date of this prospectus. The selling stockholders plan to sell on the Nasdaq National Market, or otherwise. The selling stockholders may sell their shares at (1) market prices and on terms prevailing at the time of sale, (2) prices related to the then prevailing market price, or (3) negotiated prices. The selling stockholders may sell pursuant to one or more of the following methods:

    There is no assurance that selling stockholders will offer or sell any or all of their shares of common stock registered under this prospectus. An escrow agent holds in escrow 601,993 shares of our common stock owned by the selling stockholders. This escrow lasts until November 21, 2001, which is the one year anniversary of the closing of the acquisition of Demeter. The escrow fund will secure indemnification obligations in connection with the acquisition. Accordingly, the shares held in escrow are not available for sale at this time.

    In effecting sales, brokers or dealers engaged by the selling stockholders may arrange for other brokers or dealers to participate. Brokers or dealers will receive commissions or discounts from the selling stockholders in amounts to be negotiated prior to the sale. Such brokers or dealers and any other participating brokers or dealers may be deemed to be "underwriters" within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. We will pay all expenses incident to the offering and sale to the public of shares by the selling stockholders. We will not pay (1) underwriting commissions or similar charges and (2) legal fees and disbursements of counsel for the selling stockholders.

    We agreed with the selling stockholders to keep the registration statement of which this prospectus constitutes a part effective until the earlier of:

    We intend to de-register any of the shares not sold by the selling stockholders at the end of such period. At such time, however, any unsold shares may be freely tradable subject to compliance with Rule 144 of the Securities Act.

    Subject to Finisar's insider trading policies, if applicable, the selling stockholders may (1) enter into hedging transactions in connection with their ownership or sale of the shares, (2) engage in short sales, short sales against the box, options, swaps, derivatives and other transactions in our securities, and may sell and deliver the shares covered by this prospectus in connection with such transactions or in settlement of securities loans, and (3) pledge its shares pursuant to margin agreements with broker-dealers or other financial institutions.

71



LEGAL MATTERS

    The validity of the common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP, Palo Alto, California. As of the date of this prospectus, attorneys of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP beneficially own an aggregate of 9,900 shares of our common stock.


EXPERTS

    Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors, have audited the consolidated financial statements and schedule of Finisar Corporation at April 30, 1999 and 2000 and for the fiscal years ended April 30, 1998, 1999 and 2000, as set forth in their report. We have included our consolidated financial statements and schedule in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP's reports, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

    The financial statements of Sensors Unlimited, Inc. included in this registration statement have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public accountants, as indicated in their report with respect thereto, and are included in reliance upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

    Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors, have audited the financial statements of Demeter Technologies, Inc. at October 31, 2000 and for the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000, as set forth in their report. We have included Demeter Technologies, Inc. financial statements in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP's report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.


WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

    We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1, including the exhibits and schedules thereto, under the Securities Act with respect to the shares to be sold in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement. For further information about us and the shares to be sold in this offering, please refer to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract, agreement or other document referred to, are not necessarily complete, and in each instance please refer to the copy of the contract, agreement or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement being qualified in all respects by this reference.

    You may read and copy all or any portion of the registration statement or any reports, statements or other information we file with the SEC at the SEC's public reference room at Room 1024, Judiciary Plaza, 450 Fifth Street, N.C., Washington, D.C. 20549 and at the regional offices of the SEC located at Seven World Trade Center, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10048 and the Northwestern Atrium Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661. You can request copies of these documents upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. Our SEC filings, including the registration statement will also be available to you on the SEC's Web site. The address of this site is http://www.sec.gov.

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

    

Finisar Corporation Audited Consolidated Financial Statements as of April 30, 1999 and 2000 and for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2000 (information as of January 31, 2001 and for the nine months ended January 31, 2000 and 2001 is unaudited)    
Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors   F-3
Consolidated Financial Statements:    
  Consolidated Balance Sheets   F-4
  Consolidated Statements of Operations   F-5
  Consolidated Statement of Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, Redeemable Preferred Stock and Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)   F-6
  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows   F-8
  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements   F-9
Sensors Unlimited, Inc. Audited Financial Statements as of December 31, 1999 and 1998 and for the years then ended    
Report of Arthur Andersen LLP   F-35
Financial Statements:    
  Balance Sheets   F-36
  Statements of Income   F-37
  Statements of Change in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)   F-38
  Statements of Cash Flows   F-39
  Notes to Financial Statements   F-40
Sensors Unlimited, Inc. Unaudited Interim Financial Statements as of September 30, 2000 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2000 and 1999    
Balance Sheet   F-48
Statements of Operations   F-49
Statement of Cash Flows   F-50
Note to Financial Statements   F-51
Demeter Technologies, Inc. Audited Financial Statements as of October 31, 2000 and for the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000    
Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors   F-53
Financial Statements:    
  Balance Sheet   F-54
  Statement of Operations   F-55
  Statement of Stockholders' Equity   F-56
  Statement of Cash Flows   F-57
  Notes to Financial Statements   F-58
Finisar Corporation, Sensors Unlimited, Inc. and Demeter Technologies, Inc. Unaudited Pro Forma Information for the year ended April 30, 2000 and for the nine months ended January 31, 2001    
Introduction to Pro Forma Financial Information   F-66
Pro Forma Condensed Statement of Operations for the year ended April 30, 2000   F-67
Pro Forma Condensed Statement of Operations for the nine months ended January 31, 2001   F-68
Notes to Pro Forma Condensed Financial Statements   F-69

F-1


CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FINISAR CORPORATION

As of April 30, 1999 and 2000 and for each of the three years in the period ended
April 30, 2000 (information as of January 31, 2001 and for the nine months ended
January 31, 2000 and 2001 is unaudited)

F-2



REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Finisar Corporation

    We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Finisar Corporation as of April 30, 1999 and 2000, and the related consolidated statements of operations, convertible redeemable preferred stock, redeemable preferred stock and changes in stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2000. These financial statements are the responsibility of Finisar Corporation's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

    We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

    In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Finisar Corporation at April 30, 1999 and 2000, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2000, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP

Palo Alto, California
May 25, 2000

F-3


FINISAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 
  April 30,
   
 
 
  January 31,
2001

 
 
  1999
  2000
 
 
   
   
  (unaudited)

 
Assets  
Current assets:                    
  Cash and cash equivalents   $ 5,044   $ 171,194   $ 28,501  
  Short-term investments         149,541     171,498  
  Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $265, $455 and $1,493
at April 30, 1999, April 30, 2000 and January 31, 2001)
    6,653     14,348     41,758  
  Accounts receivable, other     3     151     13,715  
  Inventories     5,236     16,494     51,039  
  Income tax receivable         148     37,734  
  Deferred income taxes     1,047     2,653     1,877  
  Prepaid expenses     194     278     2,912  
   
 
 
 
Total current assets     18,177     354,807     349,034  
Other assets     296     809     15,626  
Property, equipment and improvements, net     2,482     9,426     66,008  
Purchased intangibles             86,999  
Goodwill             413,065  
   
 
 
 
Total assets   $ 20,955   $ 365,042   $ 930,732  
   
 
 
 

Liabilities, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity

 
Current liabilities:                    
  Accounts payable   $ 1,394   $ 5,908   $ 20,263  
  Accrued compensation     1,499     3,001     3,646  
  Other accrued liabilities     1,476     3,065     7,778  
  Income tax payable     743     122     1,072  
  Capital lease obligations, current portion     54         519  
  Short-term debt             306  
   
 
 
 
Total current liabilities     5,166     12,096     33,584  
   
 
 
 

Long-term liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Deferred income taxes             42,094  
  Note payable, long-term portion     11,015         1,425  
  Capital lease obligations, long-term portion     17          
  Other long-term liabilities         524     1,375  
   
 
 
 
Total long-term liabilities     11,032     524     44,894  
   
 
 
 
Commitments and contingent liabilities                    
Convertible redeemable preferred stock:                    
  No par value, 12,100,000 shares authorized at April 30, 1999, and no shares authorized at April 30, 2000 and October 31, 2000; 12,039,486 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 1999; no shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2000 and January 31, 2001     26,260          
Stockholders' equity (deficit):                    
  Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at April 30, 1999 and 2000 and January 31, 2001              
  Common stock:                    
    $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized: 159,842,784 and 176,111,466 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2000 and January 31, 2001         160     176  
    No par value, 75,000,000 shares authorized at April 30, 1999; no shares authorized at April 30, 2000 and January 31, 2001; 97,147,095 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 1999; no shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2000 and January 31, 2001     4,304          
  Additional paid-in capital         384,526     942,174  
  Notes receivable from stockholders     (1,521 )   (3,248 )   (2,269 )
  Deferred stock compensation     (1,975 )   (9,404 )   (26,106 )
  Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)         (182 )   900  
  Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)     (22,311 )   (19,430 )   (62,621 )
   
 
 
 
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)     (21,503 )   352,422     852,254  
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)   $ 20,955   $ 365,042   $ 930,732  
   
 
 
 

See accompanying notes.

F-4


FINISAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 
  Fiscal Years Ended April 30,
  Nine Months Ended January 31,
 
 
  1998
  1999
  2000
  2000
  2001
 
Revenues   $ 22,067   $ 35,471   $ 67,147   $ 46,466   $ 136,566  
Cost of revenues     8,705     15,514     34,190     22,252     79,436  
Amortization of acquired developed technology                     5,167  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit     13,362     19,957     32,957     24,214     51,963  
   
 
 
 
 
 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Research and development     3,806     7,864     13,806     10,051     20,890  
  Sales and marketing     1,629     4,145     7,122     5,080     11,304  
  General and administrative     833     2,299     3,516     2,597     6,427  
  Amortization of deferred stock compensation         428     5,530     3,791     5,343  
  Acquired in-process research and development                     28,797  
  Amortization of acquired intangibles                     27,482  
  Other acquisition costs                     1,127  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total operating expenses     6,268     14,736     29,974     21,519     101,370  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from operations     7,094     5,221     2,983     2,695     (49,407 )
Interest income     38     154     3,704     1,616     11,762  
Interest expense     (33 )   (429 )   (452 )   (447 )   (103 )
Other income (expense), net     (25 )   (28 )   (99 )   (72 )   454  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes     7,074     4,918     6,136     3,792     (37,294 )
Provision for income taxes     2,715     1,873     3,255     2,583     5,897  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 4,359   $ 3,045   $ 2,881   $ 1,209   $ (43,191 )
   
 
 
 
 
 

Net income (loss) per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Basic   $ 0.03   $ 0.03   $ 0.03   $ 0.01   $ (0.27 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Diluted   $ 0.03   $ 0.02   $ 0.02   $ 0.01   $ (0.27 )
   
 
 
 
 
 

Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Basic     131,259     110,580     113,930     103,884     157,205  
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Diluted     131,259     134,814     144,102     138,087     157,205  
   
 
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes.

F-5


FINISAR CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK,
REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND
CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 
   
   
   
   
  Common Stock
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
  Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
 
 
  Convertible Redeemable
Preferred Stock

  Redeemable Preferred Stock
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
  Additional
Paid-in
Capital

  Notes
Receivable
From
Stockholders

  Deferred Stock
Compensation

  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)

  Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)

  Total
Stockholders'
Equity
(Deficit)

 
 
  Shares
  Amount
  Shares
  Amount
  Shares
  Amount
 
Balance at April 30, 1997     $     $   132,000,000   $ 95   $   $   $   $   $ 1,993   $ 2,088  
  Contribution of shares by principal shareholder               (6,600,000 )                            
  Net income and comprehensive income                                       4,359     4,359  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at April 30, 1998               125,400,000     95                     6,352     6,447  
  Stock options exercised               15,118,980     1,806         (1,521 )               285  
  Issuance of preferred stock at $2.1932 per share, net of issuance costs of $145   12,039,486     26,260                                      
  Repurchase of common stock at $0.7311
per share
              (43,371,885 )                       (31,708 )   (31,708 )
  Deferred stock compensation                   2,403             (2,403 )            
  Amortization of deferred stock compensation                               428             428  
  Net income and comprehensive income                                       3,045     3,045  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at April 30, 1999   12,039,486     26,260         97,147,095     4,304         (1,521 )   (1,975 )       (22,311 )   (21,503 )
  Reincorporation in State of Delaware                   (4,207 )   4,207                      
  Conversion of preferred stock   (12,039,486 )   (26,260 ) 12,039,486     2,640   26,945,691     27     23,593                     23,620  
  Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of $2,720               31,815,699     32     341,534                     341,566  
  Redemption of preferred stock         (12,039,486 )   (2,640 )                              
  Stock options exercised net of loans and repurchase of unvested shares               3,934,299     4     2,233     (1,897 )               340  
  Deferred stock compensation                       12,959         (12,959 )            
  Amortization of deferred stock compensation                               5,530             5,530  
  Payments received on stockholder notes receivable                           170                 170  
  Unrealized loss on short-term investments                                   (182 )       (182 )
  Net income                                       2,881     2,881  
  Comprehensive income                                                                 2,699  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at April 30, 2000     $     $   159,842,784   $ 160   $ 384,526   $ (3,248 ) $ (9,404 ) $ (182 ) $ (19,430 ) $ 352,422  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

table continued on following page.

F-6


FINISAR CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK,
REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND
CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 
   
   
   
   
  Common Stock
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
  Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
 
 
  Convertible Redeemable
Preferred Stock

  Redeemable Preferred Stock
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
  Additional
Paid-in
Capital

  Notes
Receivable
From
Stockholders

  Deferred Stock
Compensation

  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)

  Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)

  Total
Stockholders'
Equity
(Deficit)

 
 
  Shares
  Amount
  Shares
  Amount
  Shares
  Amount
 
Balance at April 30, 2000               159,842,784   $ 160   $ 384,526   $ (3,248 ) $ (9,404 ) $ (182 ) $ (19,430 ) $ 352,422  
  Stock options exercised net of loans and repurchase of unvested shares and stock purchase plan (unaudited)               767,561         4,243     (151 )               4,092  
    Tax benefit on employee stock options (unaudited)                       39,084                     39,084  
    Issuance of common stock in business acquisitions (unaudited)               15,501,121     16     514,321         (22,045 )           492,292  
    Amortization of deferred stock compensation (unaudited)                               5,343             5,343  
    Payments received on stockholder notes receivable (unaudited)                           1,130                 1,130  
    Unrealized gain on short-term investments (unaudited)                                   1,082         1,082  
    Net income (unaudited)                                       (43,191 )   (43,191 )
    Comprehensive income (unaudited)                                                                 (42,109 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 31, 2001 (unaudited)     $     $   176,111,466   $ 176   $ 942,174   $ (2,269 ) $ (26,106 ) $ 900   $ (62,621 ) $ 852,254  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes.

F-7


FINISAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

 
  Fiscal Years Ended
April 30,

  Nine Months Ended January 31,

 
 
  1998
  1999
  2000
  2000
  2001
 
 
   
   
   
  (unaudited)

 
Operating activities                                
Net income (loss)   $ 4,359   $ 3,045   $ 2,881     1,209     (43,191 )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash from operating activities:                                
  Depreciation and amortization     161     433     1,161     788     3,171  
  Amortization of deferred stock compensation         428     5,530     3,791     5,343  
  Loss on fixed assets disposal     30     237              
  Acquired in-process research and development                     28,797  
  Amortization of acquired intangibles                     32,649  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:                                
  Accounts receivable     (1,584 )   (3,868 )   (7,695 )   (3,517 )   (24,587 )
  Inventories     (1,781 )   (2,505 )   (11,258 )   (9,851 )   (32,698 )
  Other assets     8     (490 )   (745 )   (315 )   (14,261 )
  Deferred income taxes     (241 )   (660 )   (1,606 )   (774 )   (1,893 )
  Accounts payable     (179 )   1,129     4,514     2,854     11,546  
  Accrued compensation     55     1,383     1,502     759     365  
  Income tax payable     (298 )   824     (769 )       2,448  
  Other accrued liabilities     212     1,103     2,113     1,053     (2,461 )
  Other liabilities                     851  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities     742     1,059     (4,372 )   (4,003 )   (33,921 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Investing activities                                
Purchases of property and equipment     (855 )   (2,100 )   (8,355 )   (4,441 )   (54,161 )
Purchase of short-term investments             (150,109 )   (67,816 )   (17,503 )
Sale of short-term investments             750          
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired                     (26,833 )
Other investments                     (14,622 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash used in investing activities     (855 )   (2,100 )   (157,714 )   (72,257 )   (113,119 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Financing activities                                
Payments on capital lease obligations     (37 )   (39 )   (71 )   28      
Proceeds from borrowings     500     11,015             306  
Repayments of borrowings     (50 )   (450 )   (11,015 )   (11,015 )   (1,232 )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net of loans, repurchase of
unvested shares and stock purchase plan
        285     396     277     5,273  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in initial public offering and secondary public offering, net of issue costs             341,566     150,978      
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock         26,260              
Redemption of preferred stock             (2,640 )   (2,640 )    
Repurchase of common stock         (31,708 )            
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by financing activities     413     5,363     328,236     137,572     4,347  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents     300     4,322     166,150     61,312     (142,693 )
Cash and cash equivalents beginning of period     422     722     5,044     5,044     171,194  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period   $ 722   $ 5,044   $ 171,194     66,356     28,501  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information                                
  Cash paid for interest   $ 33   $ 364   $ 481   $ 510   $ 24  
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Cash paid for taxes   $ 3,254   $ 1,710   $ 5,028   $ 3,352   $ 6,552  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities                                
  Acquisition of property, equipment and improvements under
capital lease obligations
  $ 132   $   $   $   $  
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Issuance of common stock in exchange for notes receivable   $   $ 1,521   $ 1,950   $ 2,175   $ 151  
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Conversion of preferred stock to common stock   $   $   $ 23,620   $ 23,620   $  
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Issuance of common stock and assumption of options in acquisition of Sensors Unlimited, Inc. and Demeter Technologies, Inc.   $   $   $   $   $ 514,337  
   
 
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes.

F-8


FINISAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Information as of January 31, 2001 and for the nine month periods ended
January  31, 2001 and 2000 is unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description Of Business

    Finisar Corporation was incorporated in the state of California on April 17, 1987. In November 1999, Finisar Corporation reincorporated in the state of Delaware. Finisar Corporation designs, manufactures, and markets fiber optic subsystems and network performance test systems for high-speed data communications. The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Finisar Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively "Finisar" or the "Company"). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Interim Financial Information

    The interim financial information at January 31, 2001 and for the nine months ended January 31, 2001 and 2000 is unaudited but, in the opinion of management, has been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that Finisar considers necessary for a fair presentation of its financial position at such date and its operating results and cash flows for those periods. Results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year, or any future period.

Fiscal Periods

    In fiscal 2000, the Company began to maintain its financial records on the basis of a fiscal year ending on April 30, with fiscal quarters ending on the Sunday closest to the end of the period (thirteen-week periods). For ease of reference, all references to period end dates have been presented as though the period ended on the last day of the calendar month. The first three quarters of fiscal 2000 ended on August 1, 1999, October 31, 1999 and January 30, 2000, respectively and the first two quarters of fiscal 2001 ended on July 30, 2000, October 29, 2000 and January 28, 2001, respectively.

Use Of Estimates

    The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue and Warranty Recognition

    Revenue is recognized at the time of product shipment, net of allowances for estimated returns. Warranty expenses are also estimated and provided for at the time of shipment.

Concentrations Of Credit Risk

    Financial instruments which potentially subject Finisar to concentrations of credit risk include cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. Finisar places its cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments with high-credit quality financial institutions. Such investments are generally in excess of FDIC insurance limits. Concentrations of credit risk, with respect to accounts receivable, exist to the extent of amounts presented in the financial statements. Accounts receivable

F-9


from two customers represented 33.8% and 16.0% of the total at April 30, 1999, two customers represented 24.7% and 12.5% of the total balance at April 30, 2000 and two customers represented 29.1% and 14.0% of the total balance at January 31, 2001, respectively. Generally, Finisar does not require collateral or other security to support customer receivables. Finisar performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers and maintains an allowance for potential credit losses based on historical experience and other information available to management. Losses to date have been within management's expectations.

Current Vulnerabilities Due To Certain Concentrations

    Finisar sells products primarily to customers located in North America. During fiscal 1998, 1999 and 2000, revenues from two customers represented 43.9% and 14.6%, 25.1% and 24.1%, and 24.5% and 24.0% of net revenues, respectively. During the nine months ended January 31, 2000, revenues from two customers represented 29.1% and 21.5% of net revenues and during the nine months ended January 31, 2001 revenues from three customers represented 21.6%, 19.7% and 10.0% of net revenues.

Research And Development

    Research and development expenditures are charged to operations as incurred.

Cash And Cash Equivalents

    Finisar's cash equivalents consist of money market funds and highly liquid short-term investments with qualified financial institutions. Finisar considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity from the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Short-Term Investments

    Short-term investments consist of interest bearing securities with maturities greater than 90 days. The Company has adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities" ("SFAS 115"). Under SFAS 115, the Company has classified its short-term investments as available-for-sale.

    Available-for-sale securities are stated at market value and unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, are excluded from earnings and are reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity until realized. A decline in the market value of the security below cost that is deemed other than temporary is charged to earnings, resulting in the establishment of a new cost basis for the security. At January 31, 2001, the Company's marketable investment securities consisted of highly liquid investments in both taxable and tax free municipal obligations with various maturity dates through September 29, 2003. The difference between market value and cost of these securities at January 31, 2001 was a gain of $1,506,947 or $899,755 on an after-tax basis and at April 30, 2000 was a loss of $302,608 or $182,065 on an after tax basis.

Inventories

    Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (determined on a first-in, first-out basis) or market.

F-10


Property, Equipment and Improvements

    Property, equipment and improvements are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Property, equipment and improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally five years for equipment and 25 years for buildings.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

    Goodwill and other intangible assets result from acquisitions accounted for under the purchase method. Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles is provided on the straight-line basis over the respective estimated useful lives of the assets. As January 31, 2001, goodwill and other intangible assets were being amortized over periods ranging from three to five years. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of" ("FAS 121"), the Company periodically evaluates whether changes have occurred that would require revision of the remaining estimated useful life of the assigned intangible assets or render the intangibles not recoverable. If such circumstances arise, the Company uses an estimate of the undiscounted value of expected future operating cash flows to determine whether the intangible assets are impaired.

Stock-Based Compensation

    Finisar accounts for employee stock option grants in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB Opinion No. 25") and has adopted the disclosure-only alternative of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS 123").

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

    Basic and diluted net income per share are presented in accordance with SFAS No. 128, "Earnings Per Share" ("SFAS 128"), for all periods presented. Pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 98, common shares and convertible preferred shares issued or granted for nominal consideration prior to the effective date of Finisar's initial public offering are required to be included in the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share as if they had been outstanding for all periods presented. To date, Finisar has not had any issuances or grants for nominal consideration.

    Effective April 12, 2000, the Company's Board of Directors approved a three-for-one stock split in the form of a stock dividend. Accordingly, all share and per-share data for all prior periods presented have been restated to reflect this event.

    Basic net income (loss) per share has been computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share has been computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and dilutive potential common shares from options (under the treasury stock method) and convertible redeemable preferred stock (on an if-converted basis) outstanding during the period.

F-11


    The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 
  Fiscal Years Ended
April 30,

  Nine Months Ended
January 31,

 
 
  1998
  1999
  2000
  2000
  2001
 
 
   
   
   
  (unaudited)

 
Numerator:                                
  Net income (loss)   $ 4,359   $ 3,045   $ 2,881   $ 1,209   $ (43,191 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Historical:                                
Denominator for basic net income per share:                                
  Weighted-average shares outstanding—total     131,259     119,709     124,678     114,543     170,388  
  Weighted-average shares outstanding—subject to repurchase.         (9,129 )   (10,748 )   (10,659 )   (9,016 )
  Weighted-average shares outstanding—performance shares                     (4,167 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Weighted-average shares outstanding—basic     131,259     110,580     113,930     103,884     157,205  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Effect of dilutive securities:                                
  Employee stock options         2,187     4,994     4,338      
  Stock subject to repurchase         9,129     10,748     10,659      
  Convertible redeemable preferred stock         12,918     14,430     19,206      
   
 
 
 
 
 
Dilutive potential common shares         24,234     30,172     34,203      
   
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per share     131,259     134,814     144,102     138,087     157,205  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Basic net income (loss) per share     $0.03     $0.03     $0.03     $0.01     $(0.27 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted net income (loss) per share     $0.03     $0.02     $0.02     $0.01     $(0.27 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock equivalents related to potentially dilutive securities excluded from computation because they are anti-dilutive:                                
    Employee stock options                     5,882  
    Stock subject to repurchase                     9,016  
   
 
 
 
 
 
                      14,898  
   
 
 
 
 
 

Comprehensive Income

    Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income" ("SFAS 130") establishes rules for reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components. SFAS 130 requires unrealized gains or losses on the Company's available-for-sale securities to be included in comprehensive income. The amount of the change in net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities in the nine months ended January 31, 2001 was $1,857,722 or $1,081,821 on an after-tax basis. The amount of the change in net realized loss

F-12


on available-for-sale securities in fiscal 2000 was $302,608 or $182,065 on an after tax basis. Prior to fiscal 2000, net income equaled comprehensive income.

Segment Reporting

    Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information" ("SFAS 131") establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires that those enterprises report selected information about operating segments in interim financial reports. SFAS 131 also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The Company has determined that it operates only in one segment.

Effect Of New Accounting Statements

    In June 1998, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS 133"). Finisar is required to adopt SFAS 133 for the fiscal year ending April 30, 2002. SFAS 133 establishes methods of accounting for derivative financial instruments and hedging activities. Because Finisar currently holds no derivative financial instruments as defined by SFAS 133 and does not currently engage in hedging activities, adoption of SFAS 133 is not expected to have a material effect on Finisar's financial condition or results of operations.

    In March 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued SOP 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use" ("SOP 98-1"). SOP 98-1 requires that entities capitalize certain costs related to internal use software once certain criteria have been met. Finisar has implemented SOP 98-1 for the year ending April 30, 2000. Adoption of SOP 98-1 did not have a material effect on Finisar's financial condition or results of operations in fiscal 2000.

    In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements"("SAB 101"). The bulletin summarizes some of the commission's views in applying accounting principles generally accepted in the United States to revenue recognition in financial statements. Due to the complex nature of the implementation of SAB 101, the SEC has deferred the implementation of SAB 101 which, for the Company, will be effective in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2001 with retroactive application to the beginning of the fiscal year. Although the Company has not fully assessed the impact, the Company believes the adoption of SAB 101 will not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

F-13


2. Short-Term Investments

    The following table summarizes the Company's short-term investments in terms of type of investment, original cost, gross unrealized gain or (loss) and fair market value as of April 30, 2000 (in thousands).

 
  Original
Purchase
Cost

  Gross
Unrealized
Gain
(Loss)

  Market
Value

Investment Type                  
  Corporate   $ 65,684   $ (194 ) $ 65,490
  Government Agency     2,037     (13 )   2,024
  Municipal     82,122     (95 )   82,027
   
 
 
  Total   $ 149,843   $ (302 ) $ 149,541
   
 
 

    Included in the above table is $67,812 of investments with maturities in the years ended April 30, 2002 and 2003.

3. Inventories

    Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

 
  April 30,
   
 
  January 31, 2001
 
  1999
  2000
 
   
   
  (unaudited)

Raw materials   $ 2,908   $ 8,960   $ 28,219
Work-in-process     1,763     6,524     19,299
Finished goods     565     1,010     3,521
   
 
 
    $ 5,236   $ 16,494   $ 51,039
   
 
 

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4. Property, Equipment and Improvements

    Property, equipment and improvements consist of the following (in thousands):

 
  April 30,
   
 
 
  Janaury 31, 2001

 
 
  1999
  2000
 
 
   
   
  (unaudited)

 
Computer equipment   $ 840   $ 2,603   $ 6,489  
Office equipment, furniture, and fixtures     445     833     1,778  
Machinery and equipment     1,795     6,144     26,002  
Leasehold improvements         1,470     3,516  
Construction in process             241  
Land             18,790  
Building             13,986  
   
 
 
 
      3,080     11,050     70,802  
Accumulated depreciation and amortization     (598 )   (1,624 )   (4,794 )
   
 
 
 
Property and equipment, net   $ 2,482   $ 9,426   $ 66,008  
   
 
 
 

    Finisar had financed $132,447 of equipment purchased under capital lease arrangements as of April 30, 1999. These leases arrangements were paid in full as of April 30, 2000. Accumulated amortization of assets acquired under capital leases was $40,261 at April 30, 2000 and $0 at April 30, 1999.

5. Commitments

    Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements are as follows as of April 30, 2000 (in thousands):

Fiscal years ending April 30:      
2001   $ 2,097
2002     2,157
2003     1,850
2004     1,857
2005     1,902
Thereafter     2,563
   
Total minimum payments required   $ 12,426
   

    Rent expense was approximately $412,000, $366,905 and $1,168,726 for the years ended April 30, 1998, 1999 and 2000.

6. Loan Agreement

    On November 4, 1998, Finisar borrowed the principal amount of $11,015,000 under a secured term loan agreement and entered into a secured revolving loan facility for additional borrowings of up to $6,500,000. The term loan was repaid in November 1999 with proceeds from the common stock

F-15


offering (see Note 7). The revolving loan facility expires in October 2003. No amounts were outstanding under the revolving loan facility at April 30, 1999 or April 30, 2000. All business assets have been pledged as collateral for borrowings under the term loan and the revolving loan facility.

7. Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, Redeemable Preferred Stock And Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

Common Stock And Preferred Stock

    Following the Company's re-incorporation in November 1999, Finisar is authorized to issue 200,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value common stock and 5,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value preferred stock. The board of directors has the authority to issue the undesignated preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof. The holder of each share of common stock has the right to one vote.

    Common stock subject to future issuance as of April 30, 2000 is as follows:

Exercise of outstanding options   5,678,706
Common stock available for grant under stock option plans   14,128,815
Common stock reserved for issuance under the employee
stock purchase plan
  750,000
   
    20,557,521
   

    Effective November 11, 1999, the Company sold 27,915,000 shares in an initial public offering of its common stock at a price of $6.33, including 3,465,000 shares that were sold upon exercise of the underwriters' overallotment option. Of the shares sold, 25,815,699 shares, with an aggregate offering price of $163,499,427, were sold by Finisar, and 2,099,301 shares, with an aggregate offering price of $13,295,573, were sold by selling stockholders. An aggregate underwriting discount of $12,375,650 was paid in connection with the offering, $11,444,960 of which was paid by Finisar and $930,690 of which was paid by the selling stockholders. Other expenses of the offering incurred by Finisar were approximately $1,500,000. Net proceeds of the offering to the Company after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, and other expenses aggregated approximately $150.6 million. Of the net proceeds raised in the initial public offering, $11.0 million was used to repay bank loans and another $2.6 million was used to redeem the Company's no par value, redeemable preferred stock.

    Effective April 6, 2000, the Company sold 23,175,000 shares in an additional public offering of its common stock at a price of $33.33 per share, including 75,000 shares that were sold upon exercise of the underwriters' overallotment option. Of the shares sold, 6,000,000 shares, with an aggregate offering price of $200,000,000, were sold by Finisar, and 17,175,000 shares, with an aggregate offering price of $572,500,000, were sold by selling stockholders. An aggregate underwriting discount of $30,127,500 was paid in connection with the offering, $7,800,000 of which was paid by Finisar and $22,327,500 of which was paid by the selling stockholders. Other expenses of the offering incurred by Finisar were approximately $1,100,000. Net proceeds of the offering to the Company after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, and other expenses aggregated approximately $191.0 million.

F-16


    The balance of the net proceeds raised from the initial public offering and secondary offering will be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures. The Company may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary businesses or products or to obtain the right to any of these types of acquisitions or investments. Pending such uses, the remaining net proceeds of the offering have been invested in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock

    On November 6, 1998 and November 25, 1998, Finisar issued an aggregate of 12,039,486 shares of convertible redeemable preferred stock to investors at $2.1932 per share, resulting in gross cash proceeds of $26,405,000. In conjunction with the Company's initial public offering on November 11, 1999, the convertible redeemable preferred shares were converted into 26,945,691 shares of common stock and 12,039,486 shares of redeemable preferred stock; the Company then paid $2.6 million to redeem the redeemable preferred stock.

    Holders of convertible redeemable preferred stock were entitled to non cumulative dividends at an annual rate equal to $0.1316 per share (adjusted for stock splits and like events), in preference to other stockholders if, when and as declared by the board of directors. No dividends had been declared as of April 30, 2000.

    The holders of outstanding convertible redeemable preferred stock, voted as a single class, and were entitled to appoint one director of Finisar. In all other matters, each holder of convertible redeemable preferred stock had voting rights based on the number of shares of common stock into which the preferred stock was convertible.

    The holders of outstanding convertible redeemable preferred stock were entitled to receive upon liquidation and in certain other circumstances (a merger, acquisition, or similar event), an amount per share of $2.1932 plus all accrued but unpaid dividends (including any unpaid interest on such amounts). Any remaining assets would be distributed on a pro rata basis among the holders of all common stock and preferred stock (on an if-converted basis).

Redeemable Preferred Stock

    Holders of outstanding redeemable preferred stock were entitled to non cumulative dividends at an annual rate equal to $0.0381 per share (adjusted for stock splits and like events), in preference to holders of common stock as and when declared by the board of directors. No dividends had been declared as of April 30, 2000. In conjunction with the initial public offering on November 11, 1999, all outstanding convertible redeemable preferred shares were converted into 26,945,691 shares of common stock and 12,039,486 shares of redeemable preferred stock; the Company then paid $2.6 million to redeem the redeemable preferred stock.

F-17


FINISAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Information as of January 31, 2001 and for the nine month periods ended
January 31, 2001 and 2000 is unaudited)

7. Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, Redeemable Preferred Stock And Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Continued)

    The holders of redeemable preferred stock had no voting rights.

    The holders of redeemable preferred stock were entitled to receive upon liquidation and in certain other circumstances (a merger, acquisition, or similar event), an amount per share of $0.6345 plus all accrued but unpaid dividends (including any unpaid interest on such amounts).

1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

    Finisar's 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan was adopted by the board of directors and approved by the stockholders in September 1999. A total of 750,000 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the plan, cumulatively increased by 750,000 shares on May 1, 2001 and each May 1 thereafter through May 1, 2010. Employees, including officers and employee directors, are eligible to participate in the plan if they are employed by Finisar for more than 20 hours per week and more than five months in any calendar year. The plan will be implemented during sequential 12-month offering periods, generally commencing on or about December 1 of each year. However, the first such offering period commenced on the effective date of the initial public offering and will terminate on November 30, 2000. In addition, a six-month offering period will generally commence on June 1 of each year. The employee stock purchase plan permits eligible employees to purchase Finisar common stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 20% of the employee's total compensation. Stock may be purchased under the plan at a price equal to 85% of the fair market value of Finisar common stock on either the first or the last day of the offering period, whichever is lower.

Stock Option Plans

    As discussed in Note 1 and as permitted under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS 123"), Finisar has elected to follow APB Opinion No. 25 and related interpretations in accounting for stock-based awards to employees.

    During fiscal 1989 and 1999, Finisar adopted the 1989 and 1999 Stock Option Plans (the "Plans"). Under the Plans, options to purchase common stock may be granted at an exercise price of not less than 85% of the fair value of a share of common stock on the date of grant (110% of the fair value in certain instances) as determined by the board of directors. For purposes of determining the fair market value of the common stock, the board of directors has considered a number of factors including appraisals by independent third parties, the price paid for convertible redeemable preferred stock in arms'-length transactions and the illiquid nature of the common stock. Options generally vest over five years and have a maximum term of 10 years. All options granted under the Plans are immediately exercisable. As of April 30, 2000, 10,747,361 shares issued upon exercise of options are subject to repurchase.

    Finisar's 1999 Stock Option Plan was amended by the board of directors and approved by the stockholders in September 1999. The amendment increased the aggregate maximum number of shares that may be issued under the Plan on May 1, 2001 and each May 1 thereafter by a number of shares equal to 5% of the number of shares of Finisar's common stock issued and outstanding as of the

F-18


immediately preceding April 30, subject to certain restrictions on the aggregate maximum number of shares that may be issued pursuant to incentive stock options.

    A summary of activity under the Plans is as follows:

 
   
   
  Options Outstanding
 
  Options Available
For Grant

  Number of Shares
  Price Per Share
  Weighted-Average
Exercise Price

Balance at April 30, 1997   74,966,400   2,133,600   $0.004-$0.017   $ 0.013
Options granted   (8,811,000 ) 8,811,000   $0.043   $ 0.043
Options canceled   66,000   (66,000 ) $0.017   $ 0.017
   
 
         
Balance at April 30, 1998   66,221,400   10,878,600   $0.004-$0.043   $ 0.038
Decrease in authorized shares   (37,916,400 )      
Options granted   (8,700,000 ) 8,700,000   $0.05-$0.437   $ 0.234
Options exercised     (15,118,980 ) $0.004-$0.437   $ 0.120
   
 
         
Balance at April 30, 1999   19,605,000   4,459,620   $0.017-$0.437   $ 0.190
Options granted   (5,497,710 ) 5,497,710   $0.47-$21.708   $ 2.287
Options exercised     (4,041,099 ) $0.017-$3.40   $ 0.591
Options canceled   237,525   (237,525 ) $0.017-$6.33   $ 0.775
Shares repurchased   25,800     $0.043-$0.050   $ 0.050
Options expired   (241,800 )      
   
 
         
Balance at April 30, 2000   14,128,815   5,678,706   $0.017-$21.708   $ 1.916
   
 
         
Exercise Price

  Number
Outstanding at
April 30, 2000

  Number
Exercisable
at April 30, 2000

  Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Life

  Weighted-Average
Exercise Price

$0.02   240,000   240,000   6.84   $ 0.02
$0.04   2,044,620   2,044,620   7.88   $ 0.04
$0.05   102,000   102,000   8.27   $ 0.05
$0.09   40,500   40,500   8.45   $ 0.09
$0.44   420,000   420,000   8.94   $ 0.44
$0.47   383,400   383,400   9.26   $ 0.47
$0.67   195,000   195,000   9.33   $ 0.67
$1.00   338,001   338,001   9.40   $ 1.00
$3.40   778,500     9.45   $ 3.40
$3.67   240,000     9.49   $ 3.67
$6.33   847,935     9.53   $ 6.33
$21.71   48,750     9.75   $ 21.71
   
 
         
$0.02-$21.71   5,678,706   3,763,521   8.70   $ 1.92
   
 
         

F-19


    The weighted-average fair value of options granted was $0.05 during fiscal 1999 and $2.287 during fiscal 2000.

Restricted Shares Issued for Promissory Notes

    During fiscal 1999, employees exercised options for 7,938,924 shares of common stock in exchange for promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,520,788. During fiscal 2000, employees exercised options for 2,792,523 shares of common stock in exchange for promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,632,413. The notes are full recourse, are secured by the shares and bear interest at a rate of 6% per annum. The shares are restricted and are subject to a right of repurchase at the original exercise price in favor of Finisar. This repurchase right lapses in accordance with the original vesting schedule of the option, which is generally five years.

Deferred Stock Compensation

    In connection with the grant of certain stock options to employees, Finisar recorded deferred stock compensation of $2.4 million during fiscal 1999 and $13.0 million during fiscal 2000 prior to the Company's initial public offering, representing the difference between the deemed value of our common stock for accounting purposes and the option exercise price of these options at the date of grant. The deferred compensation incurred prior to the Company's initial public offering is being amortized to income over a five year vesting period using the graded vesting method. In addition, the Company recorded an additional $22.0 million in deferred compensation in conjunction with the assumption of certain stock options in the acquisition of Sensors Unlimited, Inc., and Demeter Technologies, Inc. Deferred stock compensation is presented as a reduction of stockholders' equity. The amortization expense relates to options awarded to employees in all operating expense categories. The following table summarizes the amount of deferred stock compensation expense which Finisar has recorded and the amortization it has recorded and expects to record in future periods for transactions which have been consummated as of January 31, 2001. Amounts to be recorded in future periods could

F-20


decrease if options for which accrued but unvested compensation has been recorded are forfeited (in thousands):

 
  Deferred
Stock
Compensation
Prior to IPO

  Deferred
Stock
Compensation-
Acquisitions

  Amortization
Expense

Fiscal year ended April 30, 1999   $ 2,403   $   $ 428
Fiscal year ended April 30, 2000     12,959         5,530
First quarter ended July 31, 2000 (unaudited)             1,699
Second quarter ended October 31, 2000 (unaudited)         8,744     1,183
Third quarter ended January 31, 2001 (unaudited)         13,301     2,461
Fourth quarter ending April 30, 2001 (unaudited)             2,447
Fiscal year ending April 30, 2002 (unaudited)             8,898
Fiscal year ending April 30, 2003 (unaudited)             7,706
Fiscal year ending April 30, 2004 (unaudited)             5,255
Fiscal year ending April 30, 2005 (unaudited)             1,800
   
 
 
Total (unaudited)   $ 15,362   $ 22,045   $ 37,407
   
 
 

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

    Pro forma information regarding net income is required by SFAS 123 as if Finisar had accounted for its employee stock options granted subsequent to April 30, 1995 under the fair value method of SFAS 123. The fair value for Finisar's stock option grants prior to the Company's initial public offering were estimated at the date of grant using the minimum value option valuation model. The fair value of stock options grants subsequent to the initial public offering were valued using Black-Scholes valuation model based on the actual stock closing price on the day previous to the date of grant. The option valuation models were developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions. Because Finisar's stock-based awards have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its stock-based awards. The fair value of these options was estimated at the date of grant using the following weighted-average assumptions for fiscal years 1998, 1999 and 2000: risk-free interest rates of 6% for 1998, 5.5% for 1999 and 6% for 2000; a dividend yield of 0%; a volatility factor of .91 for 2000; and a weighted-average expected life of the option of four years.

F-21


    For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the options is amortized to expense over the options' vesting period. Finisar Corporation's pro forma information is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 
  Years Ended April 30,
 
  1998
  1999
  2000
Net income:                  
  As reported   $ 4,359   $ 3,045   $ 2,881
   
 
 
  Pro forma   $ 4,333   $ 3,000   $ 2,463
   
 
 
Basic net income per share:                  
  As reported   $ 0.03   $ 0.03   $ 0.03
   
 
 
  Pro forma   $ 0.03   $ 0.03   $ 0.02
   
 
 
Diluted net income per share:                  
  As reported   $ 0.03   $ 0.02   $ 0.02
   
 
 
  Pro forma   $ 0.03   $ 0.02   $ 0.02
   
 
 

8. Income Taxes

    Finisar's provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):

 
  Years Ended April 30,
 
 
  1998
  1999
  2000
 
Current:                    
  Federal   $ 2,391   $ 1,995   $ 3,875  
  State     565     538     473  
   
 
 
 
      2,956     2,533     4,348  
   
 
 
 
Deferred:                    
  Federal     (226 )   (508 )   (968 )
  State     (15 )   (152 )   (125 )
   
 
 
 
      (241 )   (660 )   (1,093 )
   
 
 
 
Provision for income taxes   $ 2,715   $ 1,873   $ 3,255  
   
 
 
 

F-22


    Finisar's provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory rate to income taxes as follows:

 
  Years Ended April 30,

 
 
  1998
  1999
  2000
 
Expected income tax provision at U.S. federal statutory rate   34.0 % 34.0 % 34.0 %
State taxes, net of federal benefit   5.0   4.8   3.7  
Deferred compensation     3.0   30.6  
Tax Exempt Interest       (7.6 )
Research and development credits   (0.8 ) (4.0 ) (7.9 )
Other permanent differences   0.2   0.3   0.2  
   
 
 
 
    38.4 % 38.1 % 53.0 %
   
 
 
 

    Significant components of Finisar's deferred federal and state income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

 
  April 30,
 
 
  1999
  2000
 
Deferred tax assets:              
  Inventory reserve   $ 503   $ 1,091  
  Accruals not currently deductible     679     787  
  Tax Credits         654  
  Unrealized loss on marketable securities         121  
   
 
 
Total deferred tax assets     1,182     2,653  
Deferred tax liabilities:              
  Tax depreciation over book depreciation     (135 )   (392 )
   
 
 
Net deferred tax assets   $ 1,047   $ 2,261  
   
 
 

F-23


FINISAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Information as of January 31, 2001 and for the nine month periods ended
January 31, 2001 and 2000 is unaudited)

9. Segments and Geographic Information

    Finisar operates in one reportable segment, the design, manufacture, and marketing of fiber optic subsystems and network performance test systems for high-speed data communications. The following is a summary of operations within geographic areas based on the location of the entity purchasing the Company's product (in thousands):

 
  Years Ended April 30,
 
  1998
  1999
  2000
Revenues from sales to unaffiliated customers:                  
  United States   $ 9,877   $ 24,822   $ 46,900
  Canada     9,695     8,941     16,878
  Rest of the World     2,495     1,708     3,369
   
 
 
    $ 22,067   $ 35,471   $ 67,147
   
 
 

    Revenues generated in the U.S. and Canada (collectively, North America) are all to customers located in those geographic regions.

10. Pending Litigation

    In April 1999, Methode (formerly Methode Electronics), a manufacturer of electronic component devices, filed a lawsuit against Finisar and another manufacturer, Hewlett-Packard Co., in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois alleging that the Company's optoelectronic products infringe four patents held by Methode. The original complaint sought monetary damages and injunctive relief. In July 1999, the Company and Hewlett-Packard filed a motion, which was opposed by Methode, to transfer the case to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. In August 1999, the Court granted our motion. Methode has amended its complaint to add Agilent Technologies, Inc. as an additional defendant, to allege infringement of a fifth Methode patent and to allege that Finisar breached its obligations under a license and supply agreement with Methode by failing to provide Methode with unspecified information regarding new technology related to the products licensed under the agreement. The amended complaint seeks compensatory damages of at least $224.3 million plus interest for the alleged breach of contract. In addition, Methode has also notified Finisar that it intends to file another amended complaint alleging infringement of a sixth Methode patent. On June 5, 2000, Methode transferred the patents at issue in the litigation, as well as a number of other patents, to an affiliated company, Stratos Lightwave LLC, and on June 21, 2000, Stratos Lightwave LLC transferred the same patents to Stratos Lightwave, Inc. Methode has made a motion to add Stratos Lightwave, Inc. to the lawsuit as an additional plaintiff.

    In September 2000, Methode and Stratos Lightwave filed an additional lawsuit against the Company, alleging infringement of a sixth patent, which issued in August, 2000. This patent is a reissue of a previous patent that is the parent of four of five patents that are the subject of the original lawsuit filed by Methode against Finisar.

    In January 2001, Methode and Stratos Lightwave filed a third lawsuit against the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that the Company's optoelectronic products infringe a seventh patent, which issued in July 1998.

F-24


    Based on consultation with counsel, it is the Company's position that the Methode patents are invalid, unenforceable and/or not infringed by Finisar's products. The United States Patent and Trademark Office has determined that all of the claims asserted by Methode in one of the patents are invalid, although this determination is not final and is subject to further administrative review. The Company also believes, based on consultation with counsel, that the breach of contract claim included in the amended complaint is without merit and that, in any event, the amended complaint grossly overstates the amount of damages that Methode could possibly have suffered as a result of any such breach. The Company believes that it has strong defenses against Methode's lawsuit. In addition, the Company filed a counterclaim against Methode and Stratos Lightwave asserting, among other things, that one of Finisar's founders, Frank H. Levinson, is the primary inventor of the technology that is the subject of all seven patents, that Methode improperly obtained the patents based on the Company's disclosure of the technology to Methode and that the Company is the rightful owner or co-owner of the patents. Portions of the Company's counterclaim, based on principles of state law, were dismissed in May 2000 on grounds of federal preemption; however, the Company's basic claims of ownership of the patents remain subject to our pending counterclaims.

    Finisar intend to defend Methode's lawsuits and pursue the counterclaims vigorously. However, the lawsuits are in the preliminary stage, and their outcome cannot be predicted with certainty. The litigation process is inherently uncertain. Patent litigation is particularly complex and can extend for a protracted time, which can substantially increase the cost of such litigation. In connection with the Methode lawsuits, the Company has incurred, and expects to continue to incur, substantial legal fees and expenses. The Methode litigation has also diverted, and is expected to continue to divert, the efforts and attention of some of the Company's key management and technical personnel. As a result, the Company's defense of these lawsuits, regardless of their eventual outcome, has been, and will likely continue to be, costly and time consuming. Should the outcome of the lawsuit be adverse to the Company, the Company could be required to pay significant monetary damages to Methode and could be enjoined from selling those products found to infringe Methode's patents unless and until the Company is able to negotiate a license from Methode. In the event the Company obtains a license from Methode, the Company would likely be required to make royalty payments with respect to sales of products covered by the license. Any such payments would increase the Company cost of revenues and reduce the Company gross profit. If the Company is required to pay significant monetary damages, are enjoined from selling any of its products or are required to make substantial royalty payments pursuant to any such license agreement, the Company's business would be significantly harmed.

11. Acquisitions (Unaudited)

    On August 16, 2000 Finisar and Sensors Unlimited, Inc. ("Sensors") entered into an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization pursuant to which Finisar effectively acquired Sensors. The transaction closed on October 17, 2000. Sensors is headquartered in Princeton, New Jersey and is a leading supplier of optical components that monitor the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexing, or DWDM, systems. Finisar designated September 30, 2000 as the acquisition date for accounting

F-25


purposes and, accordingly, the accompanying financial statements include the results of operations of Sensors subsequent to September 30, 2000.

    Pursuant to the reorganization agreement, Finisar issued 18,962,141 shares of common stock in exchange for the outstanding shares of Sensors common stock. In addition, Finisar assumed options to purchase Sensors common stock and reserved 381,417 shares of Finisar common stock for issuance upon the exercise of the assumed options. At the closing of the merger transaction, the assumed Sensors options converted into Finisar options and vested to the extent of the greater of (i) 25% of the total number of shares subject to the option or (ii) the vested percentage of the Sensors option at the closing of the merger transaction, up to a maximum of 50% of the total number of shares subject to the option. The unvested portion of each assumed option will vest in three approximately equal annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of closing of the transaction, subject to the option holder's continued service with Finisar or a subsidiary.

    At the closing of the transaction, certificates representing 9,481,109 shares of Finisar common stock were issued to the former stockholders of Sensors (the "Initial Consideration") and 9,481,032 shares of common stock, or approximately one-half of the shares issued pursuant to the transaction, were deposited into escrow with U.S. Bank Trust, National Association (the "Deferred Consideration"). One-third of the shares deposited in escrow will be released on each of the first three anniversaries of October 17, 2000, the closing date, subject to the achievement of certain development milestones. If the milestones are not achieved, the escrow shares will be cancelled and returned to the status of authorized but unissued shares. Further, one-third of the escrow shares that would otherwise be delivered to the principal shareholders of Sensors on the third anniversary of the closing of the transaction will be subject to claims for indemnification by Finisar under the reorganization agreement and the procedures specified in the escrow agreement. Those shares will remain in escrow until all pending claims for indemnification have been resolved.

    In addition to the Initial Consideration and Deferred Consideration, on each of the first three anniversaries of the closing of the transaction, Finisar will issue and deliver to the former shareholders of Sensors, on a pro rata basis, additional shares of Finisar common stock (valued on the basis of the average closing trading price per share of such stock on the Nasdaq National Market for the ten trading days preceding the applicable payment date) (the "Additional Consideration"). These shares of Finisar common stock, with an estimated value of $48 million, will be distributed as follows:

F-26


    Only the Initial Consideration has been recorded for accounting purposes since the payment of the Deferred Consideration and Additional Consideration is contingent upon future events that are not assured of occurring beyond a reasonable doubt. The Deferred Consideration, if any, will be recorded as additional purchase cost at the then current market price of the common stock when the milestones are attained. The Additional Consideration, if any, will be recorded as additional purchase cost at the then current market price of common stock on the first, second and third anniversaries of the closing of the transaction. Accordingly, Finisar's initial cost to acquire Sensors is calculated to be $355.0 million using the price of $33.47 per share of Finisar common stock, which is the average of the closing market prices of Finisar's common stock for a period from three days before through three days after August 16, 2000, the day the transaction was announced. The fair value of the assumed stock options of $12.7 million, as well as estimated direct transaction expenses of $25.0 million, have been included as a part of the total purchase cost. Sensors currently operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Finisar.

    The cost to acquire Sensors has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed according to their respective fair values, with the excess purchase price being allocated to goodwill. The fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities is based upon an independent valuation.

    The estimated total initial purchase cost of Sensors is as follows (in thousands):

Value of securities issued   $ 317,342
Assumption of Sensors common stock options     12,675
Estimated transaction costs and expenses     25,025
   
    $ 355,042
   

F-27


    The preliminary purchase price allocation is as follows (in thousands):

 
  Amount
  Useful life
in Years

  Annual
Amortization

 
Net tangible assets of Sensors   $ (353 )          
Intangible assets acquired:                  
  Developed technology     54,825   5   $ 10,965  
  In-process research and development     22,764   N/A     N/A  
  Assembled workforce     1,539   3     513  
  Customer base     1,901   3     634  
  Tradename     3,722   5     744  
  Goodwill     288,380   5     57,676  
Deferred income tax     (27,186 ) 3-5     (6,308 )
Deferred compensation     8,744   3     2,915  
   
     
 
Total preliminary purchase price allocation   $ 355,042       $ 67,139  
   
     
 

    An independent valuation specialist performed an allocation of the total purchase price of Sensors to its individual assets. The purchase price was allocated to Sensors' tangible assets, specific intangible assets such as assembled workforce, customer base, tradename, and developed technology and to in-process research and development.

    The acquired developed technology, which is comprised of products that are already technologically feasible, mainly includes optical components that monitor the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexing networks. Sensors' technology enables telecommunications companies to optimize the use of existing bandwidth in fiber optic networks. Finisar will amortize the acquired developed technology of approximately $54.8 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated remaining useful life of five years.

    The acquired assembled workforce is comprised of all the skilled employees of Sensors and includes the estimated cost to replace existing employees, including recruiting and training costs and loss of productivity costs. Finisar will amortize the value assigned to the assembled workforce of approximately $1.5 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated useful life of three years.

    The acquired customer base is based on historical costs incurred and is comprised of the Sensors management's estimation of resources that have been devoted to the development of the relationships with key customers. Finisar will amortize the value assigned to customer relationships of approximately $1.9 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated useful life of three years.

    The acquired tradename is recognized for the intrinsic value of the Sensors name and products in the marketplace. Finisar will amortize the value assigned to the tradename of approximately $3.7 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated useful life of five years.

    Deferred compensation is recognized for the intrinsic value on the date of closing of the unvested Finisar options exchanged for options held by Sensor's employees. The $8.7 million of deferred compensation will be amortized over the remaining vesting period of approximately three years.

F-28


    Goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price of an investment in an acquired business over the fair value of the underlying net identifiable assets and deferred compensation, will be amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated remaining useful life of five years.

    In-process research and development represents that portion of the purchase price of an acquisition related to the research and development activities which: (i) have not demonstrated their technological feasibility, and (ii) have no alternative future uses. Accordingly, the Company recognized an expense of $22.8 million during the quarter ended October 31, 2000 in conjunction with the completion of this acquisition.

    On November 21, 2000, the Company completed the acquisition of Demeter Technologies, Inc., a privately-held company located in El Monte, California ("Demeter"). Demeter was founded in June 2000 and is focused on the development of long wavelength Fabry Perot and distributed feedback lasers for data communications and telecommunications applications. Finisar designated November 1, 2000 as the acquisition date for accounting purposes and, accordingly, the accompanying financial statements include the results of operations of Demeter subsequent to November 1, 2000.

    Pursuant to the reorganization agreement, the Company issued 6,020,012 shares of common stock in exchange for the outstanding shares of Demeter capital stock. In addition, Finisar assumed options to purchase Demeter common stock and reserved 566,573 shares of Finisar common stock for issuance upon the exercise of the assumed options. The assumed options generally vest to the extent of 25% of the total number of shares subject to the option at the end of one year after the date of grant, with the remainder vesting in 36 equal monthly installments, subject to the optionholder's continued service with Finisar or a subsidiary.

    At the closing of the transaction, certificates representing 601,993 shares of Finisar common stock were deposited into an escrow with the U.S. Bank Trust, National Association. The escrow shares will be subject to claims for indemnification by Finisar under the reorganization agreement and the procedures specified in the escrow agreement. Those shares will remain in escrow until all pending claims for indemnification, if any, have been resolved.

    Finisar's cost to acquire Demeter is calculated to be $187.3 million using a Finisar common stock price of $28.05, which is the average of the closing market prices of Finisar's common stock for a period from three days before through three days after November 21, 2000, the day the transaction was announced. The fair value of the assumed stock options of $15.4 million, as well as estimated direct transaction expenses of $3.0 million, have been included as a part of the total purchase cost. Demeter currently operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Finisar.

    The costs to acquire Demeter have been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed according to their respective fair values, with the excess purchase price being allocated to goodwill. The fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities is based upon an independent valuation.

F-29


    The estimated total purchase cost of Demeter is as follows (in thousands):

Value of securities issued   $ 168,882
Assumption of Demeter common stock options     15,438
Estimated transaction costs and expenses     3,000
   
    $ 187,320
   

    The preliminary purchase price allocation as of November 1, 2000 is as follows (in thousands):

 
  Amount
  Useful Life
in Years

  Annual
Amortization

 
Net tangible assets of Demeter   $ 3,217            
Intangible assets acquired:                  
  Developed technology     30,231   5   $ 6,046  
  In-process research and development     6,033   N/A     N/A  
  Assembled workforce     384   3     128  
  Customer base     247   3     82  
  Goodwill     151,484   5     30,297  
Deferred income tax     (17,577 ) 3-5     (3,832 )
Deferred compensation     13,301   4     3,325  
   
     
 
Total preliminary purchase price allocation   $ 187,320       $ 36,046  
   
     
 

    An independent valuation specialist performed an allocation of the total purchase price of Demeter to its individual assets. The purchase price was allocated to Demeter's tangible assets, specific intangible assets such as assembled workforce, customer base and developed technology and to in-process research and development.

    The acquired developed technology, which is comprised of products that are already technologically feasible, mainly includes long wavelength Fabry Perot and distributed feedback lasers for datacom and telecommunications applications. Finisar will amortize the acquired developed technology of approximately $30.2 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated remaining useful life of five years.

    The acquired assembled workforce is comprised of all the skilled employees and includes the estimated cost to replace existing employees, including recruiting and training costs and loss of productivity costs. Finisar will amortize the value assigned to the assembled workforce of approximately $0.4 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated useful life of three years.

    The acquired customer base is based on historical costs incurred and is comprised of Demeter management's estimation of resources that have been devoted to the development of the relationships with key customers. Finisar will amortize the value assigned to customer relationships of approximately $0.2 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated useful life of three years.

F-30


    Deferred compensation is recognized for the intrinsic value on the date of closing of the unvested Finisar options exchanged for options held by Demeter's employees. The $13.3 million of deferred compensation will be amortized over the remaining vesting period of approximately four years.

    Goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price of an investment in an acquired business over the fair value of the underlying net identifiable assets and deferred compensation, will be amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated remaining useful life of five years.

    In-process research and development represents that portion of the purchase price of an acquisition related to the research and development activities which: (i) have not demonstrated their technological feasibility, and (ii) have no alternative future uses. Accordingly, the Company recognized an expense of $6.0 million during the quarter ended January 31, 2001 in conjunction with the completion of this acquisition.

    The following pro forma results of operations combines the results of operations of the Company and Sensors and Demeter, excluding the charge for acquired in-process research and development attributable to Sensors and Demeter, as if the acquisition occurred at the beginning of each period presented (in thousands, except per share data):

 
   
  Nine months ended
January 31,

 
 
  Year ended
April 30,
2000

 
 
  2000
  2001
 
                     
Revenue   $ 78,401   $ 56,202   $ 145,343  
   
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ (96,893 ) $ (73,151 ) $ (89,533 )
   
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per share:                    
  Basic   $ (0.75 ) $ (0.61 ) $ (0.54 )
   
 
 
 
  Diluted   $ (0.75 ) $ (0.61 ) $ (0.54 )
   
 
 
 

12. Other Pending Acquisitions (unaudited)

    On November 21, 2000, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire Transwave Fiber, Inc. ("Transwave"), a privately-held company located in Fremont, California. Established in February 2000, Transwave has applied its core competencies in fusion couplers, crystal processing and instrumentation technologies to develop a broad line of passive optical products for data communications and telecommunications applications.

    Under the terms of the agreement, Transwave stockholders will be entitled to receive up to approximately 3.2 million shares of Finisar common stock including shares issuable upon exercise of options to be assumed in the transaction. One-third of the shares issued in the transaction will be deposited in an escrow and will be released to the former shareholders of Transwave upon the

F-31


achievement of certain financial and technical milestones during a three-year period following the completion of the merger. The transaction will be accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The transaction is expected to close during the quarter ending April 30, 2001 and is subject to approval by Transwave's stockholders and other customary conditions.

    On February 14, 2001 the agreement was amended to provide for the issuance of shares of the Company's Series A Preferred Stock to the stockholders of Transwave. The Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into the same number of shares of common stock that would have been issued under the original agreement and will be automatically converted into common stock upon the approval of additional authorized common shares by the stockholders of Finisar.

    On November 21, 2000, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire Shomiti Systems, Inc. ("Shomiti"), a privately-held company located in San Jose, California. Established in 1995, Shomiti is a technology leader in designing products which measure the performance of Ethernet networks in order to enhance their quality of service (QoS). Shomiti's line of products are currently being deployed for measuring and monitoring 10-100 megabit and Gigabit Ethernet local area networks (LANs) and e-commerce storage server farms.

    Under the terms of the agreement, Shomiti stockholders will be entitled to receive up to approximately 3.8 million shares of Finisar common stock including shares issuable upon exercise of options to be assumed in the transaction. The transaction will be accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The transaction is expected to close during the quarter ending April 30, 2001 and is subject to approval by Shomiti's stockholders, the notification requirements of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act and other customary conditions.

    On February 7, 2001, the agreement was amended to provide for the issuance of shares of the Company's Series A Preferred Stock to the stockholders of Shomiti. The Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into the same number of shares of common stock that would have been issued under the original agreement and will be automatically converted into common stock upon the approval of additional authorized common shares by the stockholders of Finisar.

13. Purchase of Buildings

    On November 14, 2000 the Company purchased a 92,000 square foot facility in Sunnyvale, California, consisting of three buildings, for $32.5 million cash plus closing costs. The facility is currently under lease to a tenant through November 13, 2002 at which time the tenant has an option to renew the lease at fair market value for an additional five years.

14. Subsequent Events

    On March 2, 2001, the Company completed the acquisition of Medusa Technologies, Inc. ("Medusa"), a privately-held company located near Austin, Texas. Established in June 1997, Medusa

F-32


provides training and testing services focusing on Fibre Channel and other networking technologies. Under the terms of the agreement, Medusa stockholders received approximately $7.0 million in cash. The transaction will be accounted for under the purchase method of accounting.

    On February 20, 2001, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire Marlow Industries, Inc. ("Marlow"), a privately-held company located in Dallas, Texas. Founded in 1973, Marlow is a leader in the design and manufacture of thermoelectric coolers for a variety of telecommunications applications as well as for defense, space, photonics (infrared sensing) and medical applications.

    Under the terms of the agreement, Marlow stockholders will be entitled to receive $30 million in cash and approximately 13.0 million shares of Finisar common stock including shares issuable upon the exercise of options to be assumed in the transaction. The transaction will be accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The acquisition is expected to close during the quarter ending July 31, 2001 and is subject to approval by Marlow's stockholders, the notification requirements of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act, the approval by Finisar's stockholders of an increase in Finisar's authorized common stock and other customary conditions.

    On February 27, 2001, the Company completed the sale of technology and other assets associated with its Opticity product line to ONI Systems, Inc. At the same time, Finisar entered into a supply agreement for certain optical components for ONI's new ONLINE2500™ product incorporating the technology to be purchased from Finisar.

    Under the terms of the agreement, upon closing, ONI Systems, Inc., paid the Company $5 million in cash and 488,624 shares of ONI common stock having a value of approximately $16.3 million based on a closing price of $33.438 per share. Up to an additional $25 million in cash is payable to the Company upon the achievement of certain post-closing development milestones.

    In March 2001, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire and operate a facility in Malaysia at an estimated cost of $10.0 million for the purposes of manufacturing a portion of its products in order to reduce costs and better protect its intellectual property.

F-33


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.

As of December 31, 1999 and 1998 and for the years then ended

F-34


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS

To the Stockholders of
Sensors Unlimited, Inc.:

    We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Sensors Unlimited, Inc. (a New Jersey corporation) as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the related statements of income, changes in stockholders' equity and cash flows for the years then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

    We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

    In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Sensors Unlimited, Inc. as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Roseland, New Jersey
January 28, 2000

F-35


SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.

BALANCE SHEETS AS OF

DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998

 
  1999
  1998
 
ASSETS  
CURRENT ASSETS:              
  Cash   $ 371,673   $ 7,911  
  Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $40,000 and $10,000 in 1999 and 1998, respectively (Note 1)     1,809,325     956,272  
  Unbilled costs (Note 1)     464,524     354,949  
  Inventory (Note 1)     696,093     431,181  
  Prepaid expenses     24,763     20,118  
   
 
 
        Total current assets     3,366,378     1,770,431  

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net (Notes 1 and 2)

 

 

848,214

 

 

594,913

 

OTHER ASSETS

 

 

242,325

 

 

22,151

 
   
 
 
        Total assets   $ 4,456,917   $ 2,387,495  
   
 
 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

 

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt (Note 3)   $ 111,535   $ 122,948  
  Accounts payable     918,535     803,719  
  Accrued expenses     338,126     310,712  
  Deferred revenue (Note 1)     41,477     170,624  
   
 
 
        Total current liabilities     1,409,673     1,408,003  

LONG-TERM DEBT (Note 3)

 

 

43,816

 

 

987,824

 
   
 
 
        Total liabilities     1,453,489     2,395,827  
   
 
 

COMMITMENTS (Note 6)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Note 4):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding          
  Common stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, 750,833 and 750,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively     22,033     22,000  
  Retained earnings (deficit)     2,984,921     (26,806 )
  Treasury stock, 219 shares at cost     (3,526 )   (3,526 )
   
 
 
        Total stockholders' equity (deficit)     3,003,428     (8,332 )
   
 
 
        Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)   $ 4,456,917   $ 2,387,495  
   
 
 

The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of these balance sheets.

F-36


SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.

STATEMENTS OF INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998

 
  1999
  1998
REVENUES (Note 1):            
  Net product sales   $ 8,402,623   $ 2,790,703
  Contract revenues     3,939,758     2,992,617
   
 
      12,342,381     5,783,320
   
 

OPERATING EXPENSES:

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Cost of product sales     2,380,632     1,053,264
  Cost of contract revenues     2,933,042     1,981,562
  Research and development expense     383,904     341,710
  Selling, general and administrative expense     3,233,201     2,290,825
   
 
      8,930,779     5,667,361
   
 
        Operating income     3,411,602     115,959

OTHER EXPENSE—Interest expense, net (Note 3)

 

 

75,700

 

 

104,038
   
 
        Income before income tax expense     3,335,902     11,921

INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Note 1)

 

 

284,675

 

 

200
   
 
        Net income   $ 3,051,227   $ 11,721
   
 

Net income per common share

 

 

 

 

 

 
       
Basic

 

$

4.01

 

$

0.02
   
 
        Diluted   $ 3.05   $ 0.01
   
 

Shares used in computing net income per share

 

 

 

 

 

 
       
Basic

 

 

750,198

 

 

749,781
   
 
        Diluted     988,564     964,864
   
 

The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

F-37


SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998

 
  Common Stock
   
   
  Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
 
 
  Retained Earnings (Deficit)
  Treasury Stock
 
 
  Shares
  Amounts
 
BALANCE, December 31, 1997   750,000   $ 22,000   $ (38,527 ) $ (3,526 ) $ (20,053 )
  Net income           11,721         11,721  
   
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE, December 31, 1998   750,000     22,000     (26,806 )   (3,526 )   (8,332 )
  Distributions paid to stockholders           (39,500 )       (39,500 )
  Exercise of stock options   833     33             33  
  Net income           3,051,227         3,051,227  
   
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE, December 31, 1999   750,833   $ 22,033   $ 2,984,921   $ (3,526 ) $ 3,003,428  
   
 
 
 
 
 

The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

F-38


SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998

 
  1999
  1998
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:              
  Net income   $ 3,051,227   $ 11,721  
  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities—              
      Depreciation     218,389     198,308  
      Provision for bad debts     43,060      
      Provision for obsolescence     53,567      
      Change in assets and liabilities—              
        Increase in accounts receivable     (896,113 )   (298,466 )
        Increase in unbilled costs     (109,575 )   (72,980 )
        Increase in inventory     (318,479 )   (150,152 )
        (Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses     (4,645 )   20,903  
        Increase in other assets     (60,174 )   (12,433 )
        Increase in accounts payable     114,816     338,724  
        Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses     27,414     (31,735 )
        (Decrease) increase in deferred revenue     (129,147 )   49,290  
   
 
 
          Net cash provided by operating activities     1,990,340     53,180  
   
 
 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:              
  Purchases of property and equipment     (471,690 )   (142,569 )
  Deposit for construction     (160,000 )    
   
 
 
      (631,690 )   (142,569 )
   
 
 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:              
  Net borrowings (repayments) under subordinated convertible promissory note     (776,000 )   186,000  
  Net repayments under line of credit     (74,000 )   (6,000 )
  Repayment of notes payable     (105,421 )   (112,670 )
  Exercise of stock options     33      
  Distributions paid to stockholders     (39,500 )    
   
 
 
          Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities     (994,888 )   67,330  
   
 
 
          Net increase (decrease) in cash     363,762     (22,059 )
CASH, beginning of year     7,911     29,970  
   
 
 
CASH, end of year   $ 371,673   $ 7,911  
   
 
 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:              
  Cash paid for—              
    Interest   $ 68,249   $ 104,038  
    Income taxes     274,675     200  
   
 
 

The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

F-39


SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998

1. The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company

    Sensors Unlimited, Inc. (the "Company") was established in 1991 to capitalize on advances in III-V compound materials technology for telecommunications and imaging applications in the 1.0 micrometer—1.2 micrometer infrared spectrum. The Company performs applied research and development and manufacturing of state-of-the-art Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) photodetector arrays and cameras. The Company is recognized as a leader in the field of detector arrays for wavelength division multiplexing channel monitors, cameras and imaging products. The arrays are used in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) fiber optic systems addressing the demand for bandwidth on the Internet.

Use of Estimates

    The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue

    Revenue derived from sales of products is recognized upon shipment, passage of title and when all significant obligations of the Company have been satisfied. Revenue derived from research and development contracts is recognized in the same period as the professional services are rendered, related costs are incurred and significant contract terms have been satisfied.

    Revenue from research and development contracts that include performance milestones is recognized in accordance with the terms of the respective contracts. Revenue from achievement of milestone events is recognized when all parties concur that the scientific results stipulated in the agreement have been met. Unbilled costs represent revenues provided in excess of amounts billed. Deferred revenue represents billings in excess of costs and earnings and customer advances.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

    The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables as well as historical collection information. In determining the amount of the allowance, management is required to make certain estimates and assumptions regarding the timing and amount of collection.

F-40


Inventory

    Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (moving average method) or market. The following is a summary of inventory at December 31, 1999 and 1998—

 
  1999
  1998
 
Raw materials and spare parts   $ 652,476   $ 400,669  
Finished goods     103,617     70,512  
   
 
 
      756,093     471,181  
Inventory reserve     (60,000 )   (40,000 )
   
 
 
    $ 696,093   $ 431,181  
   
 
 

Property and Equipment

    Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which range from three to seven years.

    The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances arise in order to identify business conditions which may indicate a possible impairment. The Company believes that there have been no such events or changes in circumstances. The assessment for potential impairment is based primarily on the Company's ability to recover the unamortized balance of its long-lived assets from expected future cash flows from its operations on an undiscounted basis.

Income Taxes

    The Company has elected to be treated as an "S" corporation for Federal income tax purposes. The stockholders are liable for income taxes on the Company's taxable income, as it passes through to the stockholders' individual income tax returns. During 1999 and 1998, the Company has provided for state income taxes at statutory rates. Effective January 1, 2000, the Company has elected to be taxed as an "S" corporation in the State of New Jersey and will pay a reduced (2%) state corporate income tax on its taxable income. Deferred state income taxes for differences in timing in reporting income for financial statement and tax purposes are not significant.

    During 1999 and 1998, the Company utilized approximately $94,000 and $58,000, respectively, of state net operating loss carryforwards to offset taxable income. At December 31, 1999, all state net operating loss carryforwards have been utilized.

    Subsequent to the year-ended December 31, 1999, the Company anticipates making distributions to stockholders to cover their income taxes relating to 1999 Company earnings.

Stock-based Compensation

    The Financial Accounting Standards Board has issued Statement No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," which requires companies to measure employee stock compensation plans based on the fair value method using an option pricing model or to continue to apply APB No. 25,

F-41


"Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and provide pro forma footnote disclosures under the fair value method. The Company continues to apply APB No. 25 and provides pro forma footnote disclosures.

Net Income Per Share

    Basic net income per share is computed by dividing income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for the incremental dilution of outstanding stock options (238,366 and 215,083 in 1999 and 1998, respectively).

Concentrations

    In 1999 and 1998, approximately 32% and 52%, respectively, of revenues were derived under contracts with agencies within the U. S. Government. In addition, approximately 6% of 1999 revenues and 9% of 1998 revenues were derived from export sales.

    During 1999 and 1998, sales to one customer approximated 44% and 13% of revenues, respectively. Accounts receivable from this customer as of December 31, 1999 and 1998 approximated $1,181,000 and $285,000, respectively.

2. Property and Equipment, Net

    Property and equipment as of December 31, 1999 and 1998 consists of the following—

 
  1999
  1998
             
Laboratory equipment   $ 1,195,346   $ 851,405
Computer equipment and software     234,473     192,731
Furniture and fixtures     177,032     100,125
Leasehold improvements     137,001     127,901
   
 
      1,743,852     1,272,162
Less—Accumulated depreciation     895,638     677,249
   
 
    $ 848,214   $ 594,913
   
 

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3. Borrowings

    Borrowings as of December 31, 1999 and 1998 consist of the following—

 
  1999
  1998
             
Equipment loan   $ 148,975   $ 236,607
Note payable     6,376     24,165
Subordinated convertible promissory note         776,000
Lines of credit         74,000
   
 
      155,351     1,110,772
Less—Current maturities     111,535     122,948
   
 
    $ 43,816   $ 987,824
   
 

    On October 5, 1999, a bank extended a $1,900,000 line of credit to the Company, secured by substantially all Company assets and partially guaranteed by the Company's president and primary stockholder. The proceeds are restricted for use by the Company solely for the purchase of equipment related to the Company's business and to finance the construction of additional space within the Company's place of business (see Note 5). The line of credit terminates on April 15, 2000, and is expected to be converted into a promissory note payable. As of December 31, 1999, there were no amounts outstanding under the line of credit.

    Pursuant to a subordinated convertible promissory note dated March 5, 1997, the Company borrowed $800,000 from its president, and primary stockholder, and utilized the proceeds to repay a note payable due April 30, 1997 to a bank. The subordinated convertible promissory note was convertible into the Company's common stock on a mandatory basis upon the consummation of an initial equity financing by the Company, such number of shares being equal to the outstanding principal and interest under the note outstanding divided by the price per share paid in connection with the initial equity financing. The note was also convertible at the option of the holder at any time into shares of Company common stock, cash or any combination thereof. During 1999, the Company repaid the balance on the subordinate convertible promissory note. On August 6, 1999, the credit agreement was amended to allow borrowings in amounts up to $300,000.

    On March 6, 1997, a bank extended a $300,000 line of credit to the Company, secured by substantially all Company assets and guaranteed by the Company's president. On August 6, 1999, the line of credit was increased to $1,000,000, and was amended to bear interest at the bank's base rate, as defined, plus 1% (9.5% as of December 31, 1999). As of December 31, 1999 and 1998, $0 and $74,000 was outstanding under the line of credit, respectively. During 1999, all amounts outstanding were repaid by the Company. This facility matures on April 30, 2000 and it is the Company's intent to renew the facility.

    On August 31, 1995, the Company entered into a note payable agreement with a bank for $500,000. On March 31, 1998, the Company refinanced the remaining note balance of $315,476. The refinanced note requires 36 monthly installments of $8,763 plus interest at the prime rate plus 1.5% (10% as of December 31, 1999). The principal balance outstanding was $148,975 and $236,607 as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.

F-43


    The Company's debt agreements contain covenant restrictions, which, among other things, require minimum financial ratios and the maintenance of minimum net worth, as defined.

    On April 17, 1995, the Company entered into a note payable with a third party for $75,000. The note has an annual interest rate of 11.0% and requires 60 monthly installments of $1,631 which commenced May 1, 1995. The principal balance outstanding was $6,376 and $24,165 as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.

    The future principal amounts due under the aforementioned loans are as follows—

2000   $ 111,535
2001     43,816
   
    $ 155,351
   

4. Stock Option Plan

    The Company established the 1993 Stock Option Plan ("1993 Plan") to offer employees and consultants to the Company, incentive to enhance the long-term objectives of the Company. The 1993 Plan includes both incentive and nonqualified stock options. 230,000 shares of the Company's common stock have been reserved for issuance under the 1993 Plan. Options are issued at the discretion of the Board of Directors and at such amounts that the Board of Directors has determined is the fair value at the date of grant. Options vest 25% on the first anniversary of the grant and then ratably over 36 months following the first anniversary.

    During 1997, the Company established the 1997 Stock Option Plan ("1997 Plan") to attract and retain personnel, to provide additional incentive to employees, nonemployee members of the Board and consultants of the Company. The 1997 Plan includes both incentive and nonqualified stock options. 150,000 shares of the Company's common stock has been reserved for issuance under the 1997 Plan. A committee appointed by the Board of Directors determines option grants, their related fair value at the date of grant, the related exercise prices and the vesting period.

    In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock Based Compensation" (FAS 123), the fair value of option grants is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for proforma footnote purposes with the following assumptions used for grants in all years-dividend yield of 0%, risk-free interest rate of 6% and expected option life

F-44


of 10 years. The weighted average fair value of options granted during 1999 and 1998 was $2.23 and $0.74, respectively. The activity and options outstanding under the Plans are as follows—

 
  Number of Shares
  Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

           
Outstanding, December 31, 1997 (191,480 exercisable)—   243,000     0.19
  Granted   27,500     1.65
  Forfeited   (13,000 )   1.65
   
 
Outstanding, December 31, 1998 (214,438 exercisable)—   257,500   $ 0.27
  Granted   18,000     1.65
  Exercised   (1,000 )   0.04
  Forfeited   (11,000 )   1.65
   
 
Outstanding, December 31, 1999   263,500   $ 0.31
   
 
Exercisable, December 31, 1999   229,563   $ 0.16
   
 

    The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 1999—

Exercise Prices
  Number Outstanding at December 31, 1999
  Weighted Average Remaining Life
  Weighted Average Exercise Price
  Number Exercisable at December 31, 1999
$0.04   219,000   3.0   $ 0.04   212,854
1.65   44,500   6.6     1.65   16,709
0.04 to 1.65   263,500   3.6     0.31   229,563

    Subsequent to December 31, 1999, the Company granted stock options to purchase 99,000 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $5.00, the estimated fair value at the date of grant.

    As permitted by FAS 123, the Company has chosen to continue accounting for stock options at their intrinsic value. Accordingly, no compensation expense has been recognized for its stock option compensation plans. Had the fair value method of accounting been applied to the Company's stock option plans, the tax-effected impact would be as follows—

 
  1999
  1998
Net income as reported   $ 3,051,227   $ 11,721
Estimated fair value of the year's option grants, net of tax     11,156     5,928
   
 
Net income adjusted   $ 3,040,071   $ 5,793
   
 

    This proforma impact only takes into account options granted since January 1, 1995 and is likely to increase in future years as additional options are granted and amortized over the vesting period.

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5. Commitments

    In January 1996, the Company signed a Patent and Technical information License Agreement with a third party research provider. The Agreement grants the Company a nonexclusive, worldwide license relating to certain technology for a period of twelve years. The Company is obligated to pay to the third party research provider a royalty equal to specified percentages of net product sales, as defined. Royalty rates are as follows—

Net Product Sales

  Rate
Up to $1,000,000   10%
$1,000,000 - $3,000,000   8%
$3,000,000 - $5,000,000   6%
$5,000,000 - $10,000,000   4%
In excess of $10,000,000   3%

    Royalty expense under this agreement was approximately $23,000 and $25,000 in 1999 and 1998, respectively.

    The Company rents office space under a noncancellable lease agreement that expires January 1, 2001. The future minimum lease obligations under the agreement are as follows—

2000   $ 173,000

    During 1999 and 1998, rent expense approximated $173,000 and $136,000, respectively.

    On November 4, 1999, the Company entered into an $800,000 agreement with a contractor for the construction of additional space within the Company's place of business to be completed in 2000. During 1999, the Company paid a $160,000 down payment on the construction which is included in other assets as of December 31, 1999.

F-46


UNAUDITED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.

As of September 30, 2000 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2000 and 1999

F-47


SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.

UNAUDITED BALANCE SHEET

SEPTEMBER 30, 2000

(in thousands)

ASSETS  
Current assets:        
  Cash   $ 427  
  Accounts receivable, net     3,695  
  Accounts receivable, other     357  
  Inventory     1,615  
  Prepaid expenses     194  
   
 
Total current assets     6,288  
Property and equipment, net     4,464  
Other assets     85  
   
 
Total assets   $ 10,837  
   
 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

 
  Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt   $ 1,141  
  Accounts payable     1,504  
  Accrued compensation     553  
  Other accrued liabilities     501  
  Dividend payable     5,723  
  Income tax payable     40  
   
 
Total current liabilities     9,462  
Long term debt     1,515  
Stockholders' deficit:        
  Preferred stock      
  Common stock     382  
  Accumulated deficit     (522 )
   
 
Total stockholders' deficit     (140 )
   
 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 10,837  
   
 

See accompanying note to unaudited financial statements.

F-48


SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.

UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30

(in thousands, except per share data)

 
  2000
  1999
Revenue   $ 14,597   $ 5,087
Cost of revenue     5,228     1,626
   
 
Gross profit     9,369     3,461
Operating expenses:            
  Research and development     1,338    
  Sales and marketing     1,738     629
  General and administrative     1,551     562
   
 
Total operating expenses     4,627     1,191
   
 
Operating income     4,742     2,270
Interest expense     36     73
   
 
Income before income tax expense     4,706     2,197
Income tax expense     100     100
   
 
Net income   $ 4,606   $ 2,097
   
 
Net income (loss) per common share            
    Basic   $ (4.50 ) $ 2.75
   
 
    Diluted   $ (4.50 ) $ 2.09
   
 
Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share            
    Basic     780     750
   
 
    Diluted     780     989
   
 

See accompanying note to unaudited financial statements.

F-49


SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.

UNAUDITED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30

(in thousands)

 
  2000
  1999
 
Operating Activities:              
  Net income   $ 4,606   $ 2,097  
  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:              
    Depreciation and amortization     439     141  
    Changes in operating assets and liabilities:              
      Accounts receivable     (1,430 )   (86 )
      Accounts receivable, other     (348 )   (526 )
      Inventory     (919 )   (135 )
      Prepaid expenses     (169 )   (34 )
      Other assets     157      
      Accounts payable     571     (182 )
      Accrued compensation     401     (135 )
      Other accrued liabilities     298     (25 )
      Income tax payable     30      
   
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities     3,636     1,115  
   
 
 
Investing Activities:              
  Purchases of property and equipment     (4,055 )   (221 )
   
 
 
Financing Activities:              
  Net borrowings under line of credit     800      
  Net borrowings under notes payable     1,702     (724 )
  Proceeds from exercise of stock options     363      
  Dividends payable     5,723      
  Distributions paid to stockholders     (8,113 )   (34 )
   
 
 
Net cash provided by financing activities     475     (758 )
   
 
 
Net increase in cash     56     136  
Cash, beginning of period     371     8  
   
 
 
Cash, end of period   $ 427   $ 144  
   
 
 

See accompanying note to unaudited financial statements.

F-50


SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.

NOTE TO UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2000

1.  Basis of Presentation

    The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements as of September 30, 2000, and for the nine months period ended September 30, 2000 and 1999 have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial statements and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position at September 30, 2000 and the operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2000 and 1999 and the cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2000 and 1999. These unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited financial statements and notes for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998 included elsewhere in this Registration Statement and Prospectus.

    The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2000 and 1999 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2000.

F-51


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

As of October 31, 2000 and for the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000

F-52



REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

     The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Demeter Technologies, Inc.

    We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Demeter Technologies, Inc. as of October 31, 2000, and the related statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

    We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

    In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Demeter Technologies, Inc. at October 31, 2000, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP

Palo Alto, California
January 23, 2001

F-53


DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

BALANCE SHEET

October 31, 2000

Assets  
Current assets:        
  Cash and cash equivalents   $ 564,333  
  Short-term investments     3,371,655  
  Accounts receivable (net allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,646)     20,960  
  Inventories     233,026  
  Prepaid expenses and other current assets     107,706  
   
 
Total current assets     4,297,680  
Property, equipment, and improvements, net     608,550  
   
 
Total assets   $ 4,906,230  
   
 

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

 
Current liabilities:        
  Accounts payable   $ 527,042  
  Payable to American Xtal Technology, Inc.     827,725  
  Payable to private stockholders     175,000  
  Other accrued liabilities     209,877  
   
 
Total current liabilities     1,739,644  
Commitments        
Stockholders' equity:        
  Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized:        
    Convertible Series A, 20,000,000 shares designated, $0.001 par value, 14,000,701 shares issued and outstanding; aggregate liquidation preference of $8,000,000     14,000  
  Common stock, $0.001 par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized, 4,000,000 shares issued and outstanding     4,000  
  Additional paid-in capital     17,992,000  
  Stock subscription receivable     (4,050,000 )
  Deferred stock compensation     (7,529,000 )
  Purchased technology     (1,653,000 )
  Accumulated other comprehensive income     33,919  
  Accumulated deficit     (1,645,333 )
   
 
Total stockholders' equity     3,166,586  
   
 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 4,906,230  
   
 

See accompanying notes.

F-54


DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

Period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000

Revenues   $ 53,754  
   
 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 
  Cost of revenues     115,625  
  Research and development     518,259  
  General and administrative     649,849  
  Amortization of deferred stock compensation     371,000  
  Amortization of purchased technology     57,000  
   
 
Total operating expenses     1,711,733  
Loss from operations     (1,657,979 )
Interest and other income     12,646  
   
 
Net loss   $ (1,645,333 )
   
 

See accompanying notes.

F-55


DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000

 
  Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
  Common Stock
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
  Additional
Paid-In
Capital

  Stock
Subscription
Receivable

  Deferred
Stock
Compensation

  Contributed
Technology

  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income

  Accumulated
Deficit

  Total
Stockholders'
Equity

 
 
  Shares
  Amount
  Shares
  Amount
 
Issuance of 4,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.10 per share     $   4,000,000   $ 4,000   $ 396,000   $   $   $   $   $   $ 400,000  
Issuance of shares of Series A preferred stock at $0.5714 per share   14,000,701     14,000           7,986,000     (4,050,000 )                   3,950,000  
Issuance of warrant to purchase up to 4,500,000 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock in exchange for purchased technology                 1,710,000             (1,710,000 )            
Deferred stock compensation                 7,900,000         (7,900,000 )                
Amortization of deferred stock compensation                         371,000                 371,000  
Amortization of purchased technology                             57,000             57,000  
Unrealized gain on short-term investments                                 33,919         33,919  
Net loss                                     (1,645,333 )   (1,645,333 )
                                                           
 
Comprehensive loss                                                             (1,611,414 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at October 31, 2000   14,000,701   $ 14,000   4,000,000   $ 4,000   $ 17,992,000   $ (4,050,000 ) $ (7,529,000 ) $ (1,653,000 ) $ 33,919   $ (1,645,333 ) $ 3,166,586  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes.

F-56


DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

Period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000

Operating activities        
Net loss   $ (1,645,333 )
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:        
  Depreciation and amortization     6,655  
  Amortization of deferred stock compensation     371,000  
  Amortization of purchased technology     57,000  
  Changes in operating assets and liabilities:        
    Accounts receivable     (20,960 )
    Inventories     (233,026 )
    Prepaid expenses and other current assets     (107,706 )
    Accounts payable     527,042  
    Payable to American Xtal Technologies, Inc.     827,725  
    Other accrued liabilities     209,877  
   
 
Net cash used in operating activities     (7,726 )
   
 

Investing activities

 

 

 

 
Purchase of property and equipment     (615,205 )
Purchase of short-term investments     (3,337,736 )
   
 
Net cash used in investing activities     (3,952,941 )
   
 

Financing activities

 

 

 

 
Proceeds from issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock     3,950,000  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock     400,000  
Payable to private stockholders     175,000  
   
 
Net cash provided by financing activities     4,525,000  
   
 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and cash and cash equivalents end of period   $ 564,333  
   
 

See accompanying notes.

F-57


DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

October 31, 2000

1.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

    Demeter Technologies, Inc. (the Company) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on June 22, 2000 to engage in the development of long wavelength Fabry Perot (FP) and Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers for datacom and telecommunications applications.

    In June, 2000, the founders of the Company were issued 4,000,000 shares of common stock in exchange for cash of $400,000. In August, 2000, the Company issued 14,000,701 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock at $0.5714 per share (see Note 6). Each preferred stockholder paid approximately one half in cash and one half was recorded as a subscription receivable. Concurrently with the Series A convertible preferred stock, the Company issued a warrant for 4,500,000 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock (see Note 6) to American Xtal Technologies, Inc. (AXT) in exchange primarily for technology related to FP lasers. AXT also leases certain facilities and equipment to the Company (see Note 5). The president of the Company is the brother of the president of AXT.

Use of Estimates

    The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

    The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturity from the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Short-Term Investments

    In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities," the Company has classified its short-term investments as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are stated at market value and unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, are excluded from earnings and are reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity until realized. A decline in the market value of the security below cost that is deemed other than temporary is charged to earnings, resulting in the establishment of a new cost basis for the security. The cost of short-term investments sold is based on specific identification. The fair value of short-term investments is based on quoted market prices. The difference between market value and cost of these securities at October 31, 2000 was an unrealized gain of $33,919.

Inventories

    Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (determined on a first-in, first-out basis) or market.

Property and Equipment

    Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Property and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally two to seven years.

F-58


Revenue Recognition

    Revenue is recognized at the time of product shipment and no significant obligations remain, net of allowance for estimated returns. Warranty expenses are also estimated and provided for at the time of shipment.

Advertising Costs

    Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were not material for the period ending October 31, 2000.

Concentration of Credit Risk

    Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk include cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments with high-credit quality financial institutions. Such investments are generally in excess of FDIC insurance limits. Concentrations of credit risk, with respect to accounts receivable, exist to the extent of amounts presented in the financial statements. Accounts receivable from two customers represented 66% and 21% of the total balance at October 31, 2000. Generally, the Company does not require collateral or other security to support customer receivables. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers and maintains an allowance for potential credit losses based on historical experience and other information available to management. Losses to date have been within management's expectations.

Current Vulnerabilities Due to Certain Concentrations

    During the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000, revenues from two customers represented 50% and 31% of total revenues.

Research and Development

    Research and development expenditures are charged to operations as incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

    The Company accounts for employee stock options and common stock purchase right grants in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" (APB 25) and has adopted the disclosure-only alternative of Statement of Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" (SFAS 123).

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

    Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income" (SFAS 130) requires unrealized gains or losses on the Company's available-for-sale investments to be included in other comprehensive income. The net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities for the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000 was $33,919.

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2.  Short-Term Investments

    As of October 31, 2000, short-term investments consist of certificates of deposit with a fair value of $3,371,655 and an amortized cost of $3,337,736. The average maturity of the short-term investments was approximately two months and the weighted-average effective interest rate was 6%.

3.  Inventories

    Inventories consist of the following:

 
  October 31,
2000

Raw materials   $ 188,380
Work in-process     18,560
Finished goods     26,086
   
    $ 233,026
   

4.  Property, Equipment, and Improvements

    Property and equipment consists of the following:

 
  October 31,
2000

Computers, machinery, and equipment   $ 304,894
Furniture and fixtures     32,065
Software     36,799
Construction in progress     241,447
   
      615,205
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization     6,655
   
Property and equipment, net   $ 608,550
   

    Construction in progress consists of leasehold improvements not placed into service. No depreciation or amortization was recorded on these assets.

5.  Operating Lease Commitments

    The Company leases its facilities and equipment under various agreements with AXT expiring August 2003 and August 2002, respectively. Rent expense was approximately $117,000 for the period ended October 31, 2000. The Company has the option to extend the term of its operating leases for three additional years for leased facilities and for two additional years for leased equipment. The Company also has an option to purchase certain of the equipment for the depreciated value of the

F-60


equipment owned by AXT and at the buy-out value of the equipment leased by AXT. At October 31, 2000, minimum rental payments under operating leases are as follows:

Year ended October 31,      
  2001   $ 488,428
  2002     426,813
  2003     152,535
   
    $ 1,067,776
   

    AXT is currently constructing improvements at the leased facilities. AXT is funding the entire cost of such improvements; however, the Company is obligated to reimburse AXT on demand for any portion of such cost of improvements which exceeds $1,150,000. In addition, the Company shall pay AXT additional monthly rent equal to the total amount of AXT's depreciation costs of such improvements plus the interest cost to AXT on any funds borrowed for such purpose or the interest cost on any funds used to build such improvements (based on 10% per annum simple interest, regardless of how AXT finances such improvements), calculated on a monthly basis; the Company shall continue to pay such additional rent monthly until AXT has recovered from the Company the entire building costs of such improvements (up to $1,150,000).

6.  Stockholders' Equity

Common Stock and Preferred Stock

    Following the Company's incorporation in June 2000, the Company is authorized to issue 80,000,000 shares consisting of 40,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share and 40,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001. The board of directors has the authority to issue the undesignated preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions thereof.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

    On August 10, 2000, the Company designated 20,000,000 shares as Series A convertible preferred stock, and in August 2000, the Company issued 14,000,701 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock at $0.5714 per share, resulting in cash proceeds of approximately $4,000,000 and a receivable of $4,000,000.

    The holders of shares of Series A preferred stock are entitled to receive dividends, out of assets legally available therefore, prior and in preference to any declaration or payment of any dividend (payable other than in common stock or other securities and rights convertible into or entitling the holders thereof to receive, directly or indirectly, additional shares of common stock) on the common stock, at the rate of 8% of the liquidation preference per share per annum for the Series A preferred stock, payable when, as, and if declared by the board of directors. Such dividends will not be cumulative. No dividends have been declared.

    Each share of Series A convertible preferred stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time, into common stock at the current conversion rate (currently one-for-one). Conversion is

F-61


automatic upon the closing of an underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, which results in a price per share of not less than five times the then applicable conversion price and gross offering proceeds of not less than $10,000,000 or upon the approval of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the preferred stock. The preferred stock has voting rights on an as-if-converted to common stock basis.

    Series A convertible preferred stockholders are entitled to receive, upon liquidation, an amount per share equal to the issuance price, plus all declared but unpaid dividends. Thereafter, the remaining assets and funds, if any, shall be distributed pro rata among the common stockholders and Series A convertible preferred stockholders on an as-if-converted basis.

Warrants and Related Purchased Technology

    On August 10, 2000, the Company granted a warrant to AXT to purchase up to 4,500,000 shares of the Company's Series A convertible preferred stock at $0.5714 per share. The warrant may be exercised in whole or in part at any time, and will expire the later of (i) August 10, 2005 and (ii) the closing of a qualified public offering or the sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company or the merger or consolidation with a public company. The value of the warrant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: weighted-average, risk-free interest rate of 5%, estimated life of 5 years, volatility of 0.8%, and no dividend yield. The warrant was primarily issued for access to certain technology related to FP lasers. The Company has recorded the $1,710,000 estimated fair value of the warrant as a contra-equity amount and is being amortized to income over the 5-year estimated life of the warrant.

2000 Stock Plan

    In September 2000, the Company adopted the 2000 Stock Plan (the Plan) which provides for the issuance of common stock options and common stock purchase rights to employees and consultants of the Company of up to 3,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock. The Plan permits the Company to (i) grant incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and (ii) nonstatutory stock options, which are not intended to qualify as incentive stock options. Options generally vest 25% upon completion of one year of service and 1/48 per month thereafter. Options expire after 10 years.

    During the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000, the Company granted options for 1,137,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. None of these options were exercised or canceled during the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000 and none of the options were exercisable as of October 31, 2000. The weighted-average deemed fair value of the options granted during the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000 was $7.64 per share. The Company also reserved for issuance 1,048,000 options at an exercise price of $0.25 per share to certain individuals, not yet employees with the Company, with vesting commencing the first day of employment with the Company. The weighted-average remaining contractual life of the options outstanding as of October 31, 2000 was 9.8 years. As of October 31, 2000, 815,000 shares of common stock were available for future grants.

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Deferred Stock Compensation

    In connection with the grant of stock options to employees, the Company recorded deferred stock compensation of $7,900,000 for the period from inception (June 22, 2000) through October 31, 2000, representing the difference between the deemed fair value of the Company's common stock for accounting purposes and the option exercise price of these options at the date of grant. Deferred stock compensation is presented as a reduction of stockholders' equity, with graded amortization recorded over the four-year vesting period. The amortization expense relates to options awarded to employees in all operating expense categories. The Company will recognize additional deferred compensation for the options reserved for issuance to certain individuals who have not yet commenced employment with the Company.

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

    Pro forma information regarding net income is required by SFAS 123 as if the Company had accounted for its employee stock options granted under the fair value method of SFAS 123. The fair value for the Company's stock option grants was estimated at the date of grant using the minimum value option valuation model. The minimum value option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions. Because the Company's stock-based awards have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options and because changes in the subject input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models do not necessary provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its stock-based awards. The fair value of these options was estimated at the date of grant using the minimum value method option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: risk-free interest rates of 5%; no dividend yield; and a weighted-average expected life of the option of five years.

    For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the options is amortized to expense over the options' vesting period. For the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000 the pro forma net loss was $(1,795,333).

Shares Reserved

    Common stock subject to future issuance is as follows:

 
  October 31,
2000

Conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock   14,000,701
Exercise of outstanding options   1,137,000
Shares reserved for outstanding options   1,048,000
Common stock available for grant under stock option plan   815,000
Common stock reserved for exercise of warrant for Company's Series A convertible preferred stock   4,500,000
   
    21,500,701
   

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7.  Income Taxes

    There is no provision for U.S. federal, U.S. state or foreign income taxes as the Company has incurred operating losses since inception for all jurisdictions.

    Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

    Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets are as follows:

 
  October 31,
2000

 
Deferred tax assets:        
  Net operating loss carryforwards   $ 300,000  
  Other     200,000  
   
 
Total deferred tax assets     500,000  
Valuation allowance     (500,000 )
   
 
Net deferred tax assets   $  
   
 

    Realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, if any, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. Accordingly, the net deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance.

    As of October 31, 2000, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $800,000, which expire in 2020. The Company also had net operating loss carryforwards for state income tax purposes of approximately $800,000 expiring in 2008. Utilization of the Company's net operating loss may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. Such an annual limitation could result in the expiration of the net operating loss before utilization.

8.  Segments and Geographic Information

    The Company operates in one reportable segment, the design, manufacture, and marketing of lasers for datacom and telecommunications applications. During the period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000, 10%, 50% and 40% of the Company's revenues were from United States, Taiwan, and UK based entities, respectively.

9.  Subsequent Events

    On November 21, 2000, all of the stockholders' of the Company sold their ownership interest to Finisar Corporation (Finisar). Finisar will record the transaction using the purchase method of accounting. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, Finisar issued 6,020,012 shares of its common stock in exchange for the outstanding shares of Demeter common and preferred stock and the outstanding warrant. In addition, Finisar assumed options to purchase the Company's common stock and reserved 566,573 shares of Finisar common stock for issuance upon the exercise of the assumed options.

F-64


UNAUDITED PRO FORMA INFORMATION

FINISAR CORPORATION, SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.,
AND DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

For the year ended
April 30, 2000 and for the nine months
ended January 31, 2001

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FINISAR CORPORATION, SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.
AND DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

INTRODUCTION TO PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION

    The Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Statement of Operations for the year ended April 30, 2000 and the nine months ended January 31, 2001 are based on the historical financial statements of Finisar Corporation ("Finisar"), Sensors Unlimited, Inc. ("Sensors") and Demeter Technologies, Inc. ("Demeter"), after giving effect to the acquisition of Sensors and Demeter under the purchase method of accounting and the assumptions and adjustments described in the accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Financial Statements. The Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Statements of Operations are presented as if the combinations had taken place on May 1, 1999.

    The Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Statement of Operations for the nine months ended January 31, 2001 combines the historical nine months ended January 31, 2001 for Finisar (which includes one month of operations of Sensors), the historical five months ended September 30, 2000 for Sensors and the period from June 22, 2000 (the date of incorporation) to October 31, 2000 for Demeter. The Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Statement of Operations for the year ended April 30, 2000 combines the historical year ended April 30, 2000 for Finisar, the twelve months ended March 31, 2000 for Sensors and, since Demeter was not incorporated until after April 30, 2000, only amortization of the purchase price adjustments for the twelve months ended April 30, 2000 for Demeter. Since the acquisitions of Sensors and Demeter occurred prior to January 31, 2001, no Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Balance Sheet is presented because the balance sheet of Finisar as of January 31, 2001 includes the purchase of Sensors and Demeter.

    The Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements of Finisar, Sensors and Demeter. The pro forma information does not purport to be indicative of the results that would have been reported if the above transaction had been in effect for the period presented or which may result in the future.

F-66


FINISAR, SENSORS AND DEMETER

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

Year ended April 30, 2000

(in thousands, except per share data)

 
  Finisar
Year Ended
April 30, 2000

  Sensors
12 Months Ended
March 31, 2000

  Demeter
Year Ended
April 30, 2000

  Sensors
Pro Forma
Adjustments

  Demeter
Pro Forma
Adjustments

  Finisar
Pro Forma

 
                                       
Revenue   $ 67,147   $ 11,254   $   $   $   $ 78,401  
Cost of revenues     34,190     3,472                 37,662  
Amortization of acquired developed technology                 10,965 (A)   6,046 (B)   17,011  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit     32,957     7,782         (10,965 )   (6,046 )   23,728  

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Research and development     13,806     690                 14,496  
  Sales and marketing     7,122     1,196                 8,318  
  General and administrative     3,516     993                 4,509  
  Amortization of deferred stock compensation     5,530             2,915  (A)   3,325  (B)   11,770  
  Amortization of intangibles                 59,567  (A)   30,507  (B)   90,074  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total operating expenses     29,974     2,879         62,482     33,832     129,167  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from operations     2,983     4,903         (73,447 )   (39,878 )   (105,439 )
Interest income (expense), net     3,252     (31 )               3,221  
Other income (expense), net     (99 )                   (99 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes     6,136     4,872         (73,447 )   (39,878 )   (102,317 )
Provision for income taxes     3,255     284         (6,308 )(A)   (3,832 )(B)   (5,424 )(D)
                        1,177  (C)            
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 2,881   $ 4,588   $   $ (68,316 ) $ (36,046 ) $ (96,893 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per share:                                      
Basic   $ 0.03                           $ (0.75 )
   
                         
 
Diluted   $ 0.02                           $ (0.75 )
   
                         
 
Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share:                                      
Basic     113,930                             129,431  (E)
   
                         
 
Diluted     144,102                             129,431  (E)
   
                         
 

See accompanying notes to Finisar, Sensors and Demeter
unaudited pro forma condensed financial statements.

F-67


FINISAR, SENSORS AND DEMETER

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

Nine months ended January 31, 2001

(in thousands, except per share data)

 
  Finisar
9 Months Ended
Jan 31, 2001

  Sensors
5 Months Ended
Sep 30, 2000

  Demeter
Period From
June 22 to
Oct 31, 2000

  Sensors
Pro Forma Adjustments

  Demeter
Pro Forma Adjustments

  Finisar
Pro Forma

 
Revenue   $ 136,566   $ 8,723   $ 54   $   $   $ 145,343  
Cost of revenues     79,436     3,454     116             83,006  
Amortization of acquired developed technology     5,167             4,569  (A)   3,023  (B)   12,759  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit     51,963     5,269     (62 )   (4,569 )   (3,023 )   49,578  

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Research and development     20,890     1,110     518             22,518  
  Sales and marketing     11,304     1,214                 12,518  
  General and administrative     6,427     1,044     650             8,121  
  Amortization of deferred stock compensation     5,343         371     1,214  (A)   1,663  (B)   8,591  
  Amortization of intangibles     27,482         57     24,820  (A)   15,254  (B)   67,613  
  Acquired in-process research and development     28,797                     28,797  
  Other acquisition costs     1,127                     1,127  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total operating expenses     101,370     3,368     1,596     26,034     16,917     149,285  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from operations     (49,407 )   1,901     (1,658 )   (30,603 )   (19,940 )   (99,707 )
Interest income (expense), net     11,659     (41 )   13             11,631  
Other income (expense), net     454                     454  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes     (37,294 )   1,860     (1,645 )   (30,603 )   (19,940 )   (87,622 )
Provision for income taxes     5,897     100         (2,628)
458
(A)
(C)
  (1,916) (B)   1,911 (D)
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ (43,191 ) $ 1,760   $ (1,645 ) $ (28,433 ) $ (18,024 ) $ (89,533 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per share:                                      

Basic

 

$

(0.27

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

(0.54

)
   
                         
 
Diluted   $ (0.27 )                         $ (0.54 )
   
                         
 
Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share:                                      
Basic     157,205                             166,598  (E)
   
                         
 
Diluted     157,205                             166,598  (E)
   
                         
 

See accompanying notes to Finisar, Sensors and Demeter
unaudited pro forma condensed financial statements.

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NOTES TO FINISAR, SENSORS AND DEMETER

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

    (A) On August 16, 2000 Finisar and Sensors entered into an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the "Agreement") pursuant to which Finisar effectively acquired Sensors. The transaction closed on October 17, 2000. Sensors is headquartered in Princeton, New Jersey and is a leading supplier of optical components that monitor the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexing or DWDM, systems. Finisar designated September 30, 2000 as the acquisition date for accounting purposes.

    Pursuant to the Agreement, Finisar issued 18,962,141 shares of its common stock in exchange for the outstanding shares of Sensors common stock. In addition, Finisar assumed options to purchase Sensors common stock and reserved 381,417 shares of Finisar common stock for issuance upon the exercise of the assumed options. At the closing of the merger transaction, the assumed Sensor options converted into Finisar options vested to the extent of the greater of (i) 25% of the total number of shares subject to the option or (ii) the vested percentage of the Sensors option at the closing of the transaction, up to a maximum of 50% of the total number of shares subject to the option. The unvested portion of each assumed option will vest in three approximately equal annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of closing of the transaction, subject to the option holder's continued service with Finisar or a subsidiary.

    At the closing of the transaction, certificates representing 9,481,109 shares of Finisar common stock were issued to the former stockholders of Sensors (the "Initial Consideration") and 9,481,032 shares of common stock, or approximately one-half of the shares issued pursuant to the transaction, were deposited into escrow with U.S. Bank Trust, National Association (the "Deferred Consideration"). One-third of the shares deposited in escrow will be released on each of the first three anniversaries of October 17, 2000, the closing date, subject to the achievement of certain development milestones. If the milestones are not achieved, the escrow shares will be cancelled and returned to the status of authorized but unissued shares. Further, one-third of the escrow shares that would otherwise be delivered to the principal shareholders of Sensors on the third anniversary of the closing of the transaction will be subject to claims for indemnification by Finisar under the Agreement and the procedures specified in the escrow agreement. Those shares will remain in escrow until all pending claims for indemnification have been resolved.

    In addition to the Initial Consideration and Deferred Consideration, on each of the first three anniversaries of the closing of the transaction, Finisar will issue and deliver to the former shareholders of Sensors, on a pro rata basis, additional shares of Finisar common stock (valued on the basis of the average closing trading price per share of such stock on the Nasdaq National Market for the ten trading days preceding the applicable payment date) (the "Additional Consideration"). These shares of Finisar common stock, with an estimated value of $48 million, will be distributed as follows:

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    Only the Initial Consideration has been recorded for accounting purposes since the payment of the Deferred and Additional Consideration is contingent upon future events that are not assured of occurring beyond a reasonable doubt. The Deferred Consideration, if any, will be recorded as additional purchase cost at the then current market price of the common stock when the milestones are attained. The Additional Consideration, if any, will be recorded as additional purchase cost at the then current market price of common stock on the first, second and third anniversaries of the closing of the transaction. Accordingly, Finisar's initial cost to acquire Sensors is calculated to be $355.0 million using the price of $33.47 per share of Finisar common stock, which is the average of the closing market prices of Finisar's common stock for a period from three days before through three days after August 16, 2000, the day the transaction was announced. The fair value of the assumed stock options of $12.7 million, as well as estimated direct transaction expenses of $25.0 million, have been included as a part of the total purchase cost. Sensors currently operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Finisar.

    The cost to acquire Sensors has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed according to their respective fair values, with the excess purchase price being allocated to goodwill. The fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities is based upon an independent valuation.

    The estimated total initial purchase cost of Sensors is as follows (in thousands):

Value of securities issued   $ 317,342
Assumption of Sensors common stock options     12,675
Estimated transaction costs and expenses     25,025
   
    $ 355,042
   

    The preliminary purchase price allocation as of September 30, 2000 is as follows (in thousands):

 
  Amount
  Useful Life
in Years

  Annual
Amortization of
Intangibles

 
Net tangible assets of Sensors   $ 353            
Intangible assets acquired:                  
  Developed technology     54,825   5   $ 10,965  
  In-process research and development     22,764   N/A     N/A  
  Assembled workforce     1,539   3     513  
  Customer base     1,901   3     634  
  Tradename     3,722   5     744  
  Deferred compensation     8,744   3     2,915  
  Goodwill     288,380   5     57,676  
Deferred income tax     (27,186 ) 3-5     (6,308 )
   
     
 
Total preliminary purchase price allocation   $ 355,042       $ 67,139  
   
     
 

    An independent valuation specialist performed an allocation of the total purchase price of Sensors to its individual assets. The purchase price was allocated to Sensors' tangible assets, specific intangible

F-70


assets such as assembled workforce, customer base, tradename, and developed technology and to in-process research and development.

    The acquired developed technology, which is comprised of products that are already technologically feasible, mainly includes optical components that monitor the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexing networks. Sensors' technology enables telecommunications companies to optimize the use of existing bandwidth in fiber optic networks. Finisar will amortize the acquired developed technology of approximately $54.8 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated remaining useful life of five years.

    The acquired assembled workforce is comprised of all the skilled employees and includes the estimated cost to replace existing employees, including recruiting and training costs and loss of productivity costs. Finisar will amortize the value assigned to the assembled workforce of approximately $1.5 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated useful life of three years.

    Acquired customer base is based on historical costs incurred and is comprised of Sensors management's estimation of resources that have been devoted to the development of the relationships with key customers. Finisar will amortize the value assigned to customer relationships of approximately $1.9 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated useful life of three years.

    The acquired tradename is recognized for the intrinsic value of the Sensors name and products in the marketplace. Finisar will amortize the value assigned to the tradename of approximately $3.7 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated useful life of five years.

    Deferred compensation expense is recognized for the intrinsic value of the unvested Finisar options exchanged for options held by Sensors' employees. The $8.7 million of deferred compensation will be amortized over the remaining vesting period of approximately three years.

    Goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price of an investment in an acquired business over the fair value of the underlying net identifiable assets and deferred compensation, will be amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated remaining useful life of five years.

    In-process research and development represents that portion of the purchase price of an acquisition related to the research and development activities which: i) have not demonstrated their technological feasibility, and ii) have no alternative future uses. Accordingly, the Company recognized an expense of $22.8 million during the quarter ended October 31, 2000 in conjunction with the completion of this acquisition.

    (B) On November 21, 2000 Finisar and Demeter entered into an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the "Agreement") pursuant to which Finisar acquired Demeter. The transaction also closed on November 21, 2000. Demeter is headquartered in El Monte, California. Demeter Technologies was founded in August 2000 and is focused on the development of long wavelength Fabry Perot and distributed feedback lasers for datacom and telecommunications applications. Finisar designated November 1, 2000 as the acquisition date for accounting purposes.

    Pursuant to the Agreement, Finisar issued 6,020,012 shares of its common stock in exchange for the outstanding shares of Demeter common stock. In addition, Finisar assumed options to purchase Demeter common stock and reserved 566,573 shares of Finisar common stock for issuance upon the exercise of the assumed options. The assumed options generally vest to the extent of 25% of the total number of shares subject to the option at the end of one year after the date of grant, with the remainder vesting in 36 equal monthly installments, subject to the optionholder's continued service with Finisar or a subsidiary.

F-71


    At the closing of the transaction, certificates representing 601,993 shares of Finisar common stock were deposited into an escrow with the U.S. Bank Trust, National Association. The escrow shares will be subject to claims for indemnification by Finisar under the reorganization agreement and the procedures specified in the escrow agreement. Those shares will remain in escrow until all pending claims for indemnification, if any, have been resolved.

    Finisar's initial cost to acquire Demeter is calculated to be $187.3 million using the price of $28.05 per share of Finisar common stock, which is the average of the closing market prices of Finisar's common stock for a period from three days before through three days after November 21, 2000, the day the transaction was announced. The fair value of the assumed stock options of $15.4 million, as well as estimated direct transaction expenses of $3.0 million, have been included as a part of the total purchase cost. Demeter currently operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Finisar.

    The cost to acquire Demeter has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed according to their respective fair values, with the excess purchase price being allocated to goodwill. The fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities is based upon an independent valuation.

    The estimated total initial purchase cost of Demeter is as follows (in thousands):

Value of securities issued   $ 168,882
Assumption of Demeter common stock options     15,438
Estimated transaction costs and expenses     3,000
   
    $ 187,320
   

    The preliminary purchase price allocation as of November 1, 2000 is as follows (in thousands):

 
  Amount
  Useful Life
in Years

  Annual
Amortization of
Intangibles

 
Net tangible assets of Demeter   $ 3,217            
Intangible assets acquired:                  
  Developed technology     30,231   5   $ 6,046  
  In-process research and development     6,033   N/A     N/A  
  Assembled workforce     384   3     128  
  Customer base     247   3     82  
  Deferred compensation     13,301   4     3,325  
  Goodwill     151,484   5     30,297  
Deferred income tax     (17,577 ) 3-10     (3,832 )
   
     
 
Total preliminary purchase price allocation   $ 187,320       $ 36,046  
   
     
 

    An independent valuation specialist performed an allocation of the total purchase price of Demeter to its individual assets. The purchase price was allocated to Demeter's tangible assets, specific intangible assets such as assembled workforce, customer base and developed technology and to in-process research and development.

    The acquired developed technology, which is comprised of products that are already technologically feasible, mainly includes long wavelength Fabry Perot and distributed feedback lasers for datacom and telecommunications applications. Finisar will amortize the acquired developed technology

F-72


of approximately $30.2 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated remaining useful life of five years.

    The acquired assembled workforce is comprised of all the skilled employees and includes the estimated cost to replace existing employees, including recruiting and training costs and loss of productivity costs. Finisar will amortize the value assigned to the assembled workforce of approximately $0.4 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated useful life of three years.

    Acquired customer base is based on historical costs incurred and is comprised of Demeter management's estimation of resources that have been devoted to the development of the relationships with key customers. Finisar will amortize the value assigned to customer relationships of approximately $0.2 million on a straight-line basis over an average estimated useful life of three years.

    Deferred compensation expense is recognized for the intrinsic value of the unvested Finisar options exchanged for options held by Demeter's employees. The $13.3 million of deferred compensation will be amortized over the remaining vesting period of approximately four years.

    Goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price of an investment in an acquired business over the fair value of the underlying net identifiable assets and deferred compensation, will be amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated remaining useful life of five years.

    In-process research and development represents that portion of the purchase price of an acquisition related to the research and development activities which: i) have not demonstrated their technological feasibility, and ii) have no alternative future uses. Accordingly, the Company recognized an expense of $6.0 million during the quarter ending January 31, 2001 in conjunction with the completion of this acquisition.

    (C) Historically, Sensors elected to be treated as an "S" corporation for Federal income tax purposes; therefore the Sensors stockholders were liable for income taxes on Sensors' taxable income. The pro forma provision for income taxes includes estimated income taxes on Sensor's income at a tax rate of 30%.

    (D) The pro forma combined provision for income taxes does not represent the amounts that would have resulted had Finisar, Sensors and Demeter filed consolidated income tax returns during the periods presented.

    (E) The pro forma basic and diluted net earnings per share for the year ended April 30, 2000 are based on the weighted average number of shares of Finisar common stock outstanding, the initial 9,481,109 shares issued by Finisar in the Sensors transaction and the 6,020,012 shares issued by Finisar in the Demeter transaction. The pro forma basic and diluted net earnings per share for the nine months ended January 31, 2001 are based on the weighted average number of shares of Finisar common stock outstanding, the 5,313,589 shares (representing the difference between the shares issued by Finisar in the Sensors transaction and the amount already included in the weighted average number of shares of Finisar common stock outstanding) and the 4,079,495 shares (representing the difference between the shares issued by Finisar in the Demeter transaction and the amount already included in the weighted average number of shares of Finisar common stock outstanding) issued by Finisar in the Demeter transaction.

F-73




FINISAR CORPORATION
5,418,019 Shares

Common Stock



P R O S P E C T U S


March 23, 2001





PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

    (a) Exhibits.

Exhibit
Number

  Description of Document

2.1   Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among Finisar Corporation, Gemstone Acquisition Corp., Sensors Unlimited, Inc. and Certain Principal Shareholders of Sensors, dated August 16, 2000(1)
2.2   Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among Finisar Corporation, Onyx Acquisition Corp. and Demeter Technologies, Inc., dated November 20, 2000(2)
†3.4   Amended Bylaws of Registrant
3.5   Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant(3)
3.6   Certificate of Designation of Preferences and Rights of the Series A Preferred Stock(5)
4.1   Specimen certificate representing the common stock(3)
†5.1   Opinion of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP
10.1   Form of Indemnity Agreement between Registrant and Registrant's directors and officers(3)
10.2   1989 Stock Option Plan(3)
10.3   1999 Stock Option Plan(3)
10.4   1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan(3)
10.5   Securities Purchase Agreement between Registrant and certain investors, dated as of November 6, 1998(3)
10.6   Shareholders' Agreement among Registrant and certain of its shareholders, dated as of November 6, 1998(3)
10.7   Voting Agreement among Registrant and certain of its shareholders, dated as of November 6, 1998(3)
10.8   Loan Agreement between Registrant and Fleet National Bank, dated as of November 6,
1998(3)
10.9   Security Agreement between Registrant and Fleet National Bank, dated as of November 4, 1998(3)
10.10   Security Agreement Re: Contracts, Leases, License and Permits between Registrant and Fleet National Bank, dated as of November 4, 1998(3)
10.11   Building Office Lease for 582 Market Street, Suite 609-610, San Francisco, CA, dated December 17, 1996 between Registrant and Niantic Corporation(3)
10.12   Building Lease for 274 Ferguson Drive, Mountain View, CA, dated April 30, 1997 between Registrant and DM Group VIII and DM Group VIII-E(3)
10.13   Building Lease for 1308 Moffett Park Drive, Sunnyvale, CA, dated May 26, 1999 between Registrant and Aetna Life Insurance Company(3)
21.1   List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1   Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors
†23.2   Consent of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
23.3   Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP, Independent Auditors
†24.1   Power of Attorney. Reference is made to page II-5 of Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement, as originally filed.

II-1


27.1   Financial Data Schedule(4)

Previously filed.

(1)
Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 1, 2000 (File No. 000-27999).

(2)
Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 6, 2000 (File No. 000-27999).

(3)
Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-87017).

(4)
Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed March 10, 2000 (File No. 000-27999).

(5)
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed March 14, 2001 (File No. 000-27999).

    (b) Financial Statement Schedules.

    The following financial statement schedule of Finisar is filed as part of this Registration Statement and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes.

Schedule

  Page
II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts   S-1
 
  Additions
 
  Balance at Beginning of Period
  Charged to Costs and Expenses
  Charged to Other Accounts
  Deductions—Write-offs
  Balance at End of Period
 
  (in thousands)

                               
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts                              
  Year ended April 30, 1998   $   $ 16,538   $   $   $ 16,538
  Year ended April 30, 1999     16,538     248,600             265,138
  Year ended April 30, 2000     265,138     190,218             455,356

    Schedules not listed above have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.

Item 17. Undertakings

    Insofar as indemnification by the Registrant for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions referenced in Item 14 of this Registration Statement or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered hereunder, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

II-2


    The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

    The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

II-3



SIGNATURES

    Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-1 and has duly caused this amendment to the Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Sunnyvale, State of California on March 23, 2001.

    FINISAR CORPORATION
       

 

 

By:

/s/ 
JERRY S. RAWLS*   
Jerry S. Rawls
President and Chief Executive Officer


POWER OF ATTORNEY

    Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Name
  Title
  Date

 

 

 

 

 
/s/ JERRY S. RAWLS*   
Jerry S. Rawls
  President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)   March 23, 2001

/s/ 
FRANK H. LEVINSON*   
Frank H. Levinson

 

Chairman of the Board

 

March 23, 2001

/s/ 
STEPHEN K. WORKMAN   
Stephen K. Workman

 

Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

March 23, 2001

/s/ 
GREGORY H. OLSEN*   
Gregory H. Olsen

 

Director and Executive Vice President

 

March 23, 2001

/s/ 
MICHAEL C. CHILD*   
Michael C. Child

 

Director

 

March 23, 2001

/s/ 
ROGER C. FERGUSON*   
Roger C. Ferguson

 

Director

 

March 23, 2001

/s/ 
RICHARD B. LIEB*   
Richard B. Lieb

 

Director

 

March 23, 2001

 

 

 

 

II-6



/s/ 
LARRY D. MITCHELL*   
Larry D. Mitchell

 

Director

 

March 23, 2001

*By:

 

/s/ 
STEPHEN K. WORKMAN   
Stephen K. Workman
(Attorney-in-fact)

 

 

 

 

II-7



EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number

  Description of Document
2.1   Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among Finisar Corporation, Gemstone Acquisition Corp., Sensors Unlimited, Inc. and Certain Principal Shareholders of Sensors, dated August 16, 2000(1)
2.2   Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among Finisar Corporation, Onyx Acquisition Corp. and Demeter Technologies, Inc., dated November 20, 2000(2)
†3.4   Amended Bylaws of Registrant
3.5   Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant(3)
3.6   Certificate of Designation of Preferences and Rights of the Series A Preferred Stock(5)
4.1   Specimen certificate representing the common stock(3)
†5.1   Opinion of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP
10.1   Form of Indemnity Agreement between Registrant and Registrant's directors and officers(3)
10.2   1989 Stock Option Plan(3)
10.3   1999 Stock Option Plan(3)
10.4   1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan(3)
10.5   Securities Purchase Agreement between Registrant and certain investors, dated as of November 6, 1998(3)
10.6   Shareholders' Agreement among Registrant and certain of its shareholders, dated as of November 6, 1998(3)
10.7   Voting Agreement among Registrant and certain of its shareholders, dated as of November 6, 1998(3)
10.8   Loan Agreement between Registrant and Fleet National Bank, dated as of November 6, 1998(3)
10.9   Security Agreement between Registrant and Fleet National Bank, dated as of November 4, 1998(3)
10.10   Security Agreement Re: Contracts, Leases, License and Permits between Registrant and Fleet National Bank, dated as of November 4, 1998(3)
10.11   Building Office Lease for 582 Market Street, Suite 609-610, San Francisco, CA, dated December 17, 1996 between Registrant and Niantic Corporation(3)
10.12   Building Lease for 274 Ferguson Drive, Mountain View, CA, dated April 30, 1997 between Registrant and DM Group VIII and DM Group VIII-E(3)
10.13   Building Lease for 1308 Moffett Park Drive, Sunnyvale, CA, dated May 26, 1999 between Registrant and Aetna Life Insurance Company(3)
21.1   List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1   Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors
†23.2   Consent of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
23.3   Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP, Independent Auditors
†24.1   Power of Attorney. Reference is made to page II-5 of Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement, as originally filed.
27.1   Financial Data Schedule(4)

Previously filed.

(1)
Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 1, 2000.

(2)
Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 6, 2000.

(3)
Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-87017).

(4)
Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed March 10, 2000.

(5)
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed March 14, 2001 (File No. 000-27999).



QuickLinks

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
Finisar Corporation
Recent Developments
Corporate Information
The Offering
Summary Financial Data
RISK FACTORS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
USE OF PROCEEDS
DIVIDEND POLICY
PRICE RANGE OF OUR COMMON STOCK
CAPITALIZATION
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT
Summary Compensation Table
AGGREGATE OPTION EXERCISES IN LAST FISCAL YEAR AND FISCAL YEAR-END VALUES
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
LEGAL MATTERS
EXPERTS
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
FINISAR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except share and per share data)
FINISAR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except share and per share data)
FINISAR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands)
FINISAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Information as of January 31, 2001 and for the nine month periods ended January 31, 2001 and 2000 is unaudited)
SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998
SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. STATEMENTS OF INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998
SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998
SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998
SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998
SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. UNAUDITED BALANCE SHEET SEPTEMBER 30, 2000 (in thousands)
SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30 (in thousands, except per share data)
SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. UNAUDITED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30 (in thousands)
SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. NOTE TO UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2000
REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC. BALANCE SHEET October 31, 2000
DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC. STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS Period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000
DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC. STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS Period from inception (June 22, 2000) to October 31, 2000
DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS October 31, 2000
FINISAR CORPORATION, SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. AND DEMETER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
INTRODUCTION TO PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FINISAR, SENSORS AND DEMETER UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS Year ended April 30, 2000 (in thousands, except per share data)
FINISAR, SENSORS AND DEMETER UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS Nine months ended January 31, 2001 (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTES TO FINISAR, SENSORS AND DEMETER UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
SIGNATURES
POWER OF ATTORNEY
EXHIBIT INDEX