10-Q
Table of Contents


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended April 1, 2016
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period From              To             
Commission File Number: 001-32431

DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
90-0199783
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1275 Market Street
San Francisco, CA
94103-1410
(415) 558-0200
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  ý
 
Accelerated filer  ¨
Non-accelerated filer  ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ¨    No  ý
On April 29, 2016, the registrant had 53,575,257 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 46,688,962 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents


DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC.
FORM 10-Q
For the Fiscal Quarter Ended April 1, 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 


2
Table of Contents


GLOSSARY OF TERMS
The following table summarizes certain terms and abbreviations that may be used within the text of this report:
Abbreviation
 
Term
AAC
 
Advanced Audio Coding
AOCI
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
APIC
 
Additional-Paid In-Capital
ASP
 
Average Selling Price
ASU
 
Accounting Standards Update
ATSC
 
Advanced Television Systems Committee
AVR
 
Audio/Video Receiver
CODM
 
Chief Operating Decision-Maker
COGS
 
Cost Of Goods Sold
COSO
 
Committee Of Sponsoring Organizations (Of The Treadway Commission)
DCI
 
Digital Cinema Initiative
DD
 
Dolby Digital®
DD+
 
Dolby Digital Plus™
DMA
 
Digital Media Adapter
DTV
 
Digital Television
DVB
 
Digital Video Broadcasting
DVD
 
Digital Versatile Disc
EPS
 
Earnings Per Share
ESP
 
Estimated Selling Price
ESPP
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
FASB
 
Financial Accounting Standards Board
FCPA
 
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
G&A
 
General & Administrative
GAAP
 
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
HDR
 
High Dynamic Range
HDTV
 
High Definition Television
HE AAC
 
High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding
HEVC
 
High Efficiency Video Coding
HFR
 
High Frame Rate
HTIB
 
Home Theater In-A-Box
IC
 
Integrated Circuit
IMB
 
Integrated Media Block
IPO
 
Initial Public Offering
IPTV
 
Internet Protocol Television
ISO
 
Incentive Stock Option
ISV
 
Independent Software Vendor
IT
 
Information Technology
LCD
 
Liquid Crystal Display
LP
 
Limited Partner/Partnership
ME
 
Multiple Element
NATO
 
North American Theatre Owners
NOL
 
Net Operating Loss
NQ
 
Non-Qualified/Non-Statutory Stock Option
OCI
 
Other Comprehensive Income
ODD
 
Optical Disc Drive
OECD
 
Organization For Economic Co-Operation & Development
OEM
 
Original Equipment Manufacturer
OLED
 
Organic Light-Emitting Diode
OTT
 
Over-The-Top
PC
 
Personal Computer
PCS
 
Post-Contract Support
PP&E
 
Property, Plant And Equipment
PSO
 
Performance-Based Stock Option
R&D
 
Research & Development
RSU
 
Restricted Stock Unit
S&M
 
Sales & Marketing
SAR
 
Stock Appreciation Rights
SERP
 
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
SoC
 
System-On-A-Chip
STB
 
Set-Top Box
TAM
 
Total Available Market
TPE
 
Third Party Evidence
TSR
 
Total Stockholder Return
UHD
 
Ultra High Definition
U.S. GAAP
 
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles In The United States
VSOE
 
Vendor Specific Objective Evidence

3
Table of Contents


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC.
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


 
April 1,
2016
September 25,
2015
ASSETS
(unaudited)
 
Current assets:
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
521,202

$
531,926

Restricted cash
5,278

2,936

Short-term investments
104,267

138,901

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,665 and $1,542
102,083

101,563

Inventories
17,259

13,872

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
36,198

32,031

Total current assets
786,287

821,229

Long-term investments
268,091

321,015

Property, plant and equipment, net
416,254

403,091

Intangible assets, net
216,082

127,507

Goodwill
309,880

307,708

Deferred taxes
149,272

143,279

Other non-current assets
12,985

9,464

Total assets
$
2,158,851

$
2,133,293

 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
Accounts payable
$
17,632

$
20,710

Accrued liabilities
158,534

169,307

Income taxes payable
—

754

Deferred revenue
22,321

18,910

Total current liabilities
198,487

209,681

Long-term deferred revenue
35,652

30,581

Other non-current liabilities
70,664

77,024

Total liabilities
304,803

317,286

 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
Class A, $0.001 par value, one vote per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized: 53,265,096 shares issued and outstanding at April 1, 2016 and 50,291,426 at September 25, 2015
54

51

Class B, $0.001 par value, ten votes per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized: 46,790,462 shares issued and outstanding at April 1, 2016 and 50,743,311 at September 25, 2015
47

51

Additional paid-in capital
—

17,571

Retained earnings
1,853,602

1,800,857

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)
(8,342
)
(11,462
)
Total stockholders’ equity – Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
1,845,361

1,807,068

Controlling interest
8,687

8,939

Total stockholders’ equity
1,854,048

1,816,007

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,158,851

$
2,133,293


 






See accompanying notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

4
Table of Contents


DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC.
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)
 
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
Licensing
$
249,336

$
243,333

 
$
460,465

$
459,931

Products
20,063

22,985

 
44,872

36,248

Services
4,941

5,632

 
9,817

10,009

Total revenue
274,340

271,950

 
515,154

506,188

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of licensing
6,698

3,787

 
13,231

7,268

Cost of products
13,978

18,237

 
33,016

30,821

Cost of services
3,697

3,125

 
7,892

6,470

Total cost of revenue
24,373

25,149

 
54,139

44,559

 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross margin
249,967

246,801

 
461,015

461,629

 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
52,088

56,601

 
105,416

105,195

Sales and marketing
71,815

65,940

 
146,269

133,958

General and administrative
42,482

45,653

 
86,560

90,369

Restructuring charges/(credits)
1,255

—

 
1,255

(39
)
Total operating expenses
167,640

168,194

 
339,500

329,483

 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
82,327

78,607

 
121,515

132,146

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other income/expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
1,250

1,091

 
2,547

1,991

Interest expense
(33
)
(31
)
 
(62
)
(46
)
Other income/(expense), net
279

218

 
(693
)
110

Total other income
1,496

1,278

 
1,792

2,055

 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
83,823

79,885

 
123,307

134,201

Provision for income taxes
(16,278
)
(21,353
)
 
(24,751
)
(33,732
)
Net income including controlling interest
67,545

58,532

 
98,556

100,469

Less: net (income) attributable to controlling interest
(147
)
(558
)
 
(257
)
(1,138
)
Net income attributable to Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
$
67,398

$
57,974

 
$
98,299

$
99,331

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income Per Share:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.67

$
0.57

 
$
0.98

$
0.97

Diluted
$
0.66

$
0.56

 
$
0.97

$
0.95

Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
100,456

102,509

 
100,600

102,406

Diluted
101,555

103,904

 
101,716

104,097

 
 
 
 
 
 
Related party rent expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Included in operating expenses
$
756

$
755

 
$
1,537

$
1,543

Included in net income attributable to controlling interest
$
174

$
1,151

 
$
350

$
2,304

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividend declared per common share
$
0.12

$
0.10

 
$
0.24

$
0.20

Cash dividend paid per common share
$
0.12

$
0.10

 
$
0.24

$
0.20





See accompanying notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

5
Table of Contents


DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC.
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Net income including controlling interest
$
67,545

$
58,532

 
$
98,556

$
100,469

Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 




Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
2,872

(6,319
)
 
2,122

(11,872
)
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
1,563

842

 
703

665

Comprehensive income
71,980

53,055

 
101,381

89,262

Less: comprehensive (income)/loss attributable to controlling interest
(1
)
(425
)
 
38

(477
)
Comprehensive income attributable to Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
$
71,979

$
52,630

 
$
101,419

$
88,785
















See accompanying notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

6
Table of Contents


DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC.
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

 
Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
 
 
 
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss)
Total Dolby
Laboratories,
Inc.
Controlling
Interest
Total
Balance at September 25, 2015
$
102

$
17,571

$
1,800,857

$
(11,462
)
$
1,807,068

$
8,939

$
1,816,007

Net income
—

—

98,299

—

98,299

257

98,556

Currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $188
—

—

—

2,417

2,417

(295
)
2,122

Unrealized gains on investments, net of tax of $(17)
—

—

—

703

703

—

703

Distributions to controlling interest
—

—

—

—

—

(214
)
(214
)
Stock-based compensation expense
—

35,466

—

—

35,466

—

35,466

Repurchase of common stock
(2
)
(55,500
)
(21,354
)
—

(76,856
)
—

(76,856
)
Cash dividends declared and paid on common stock
—

—

(24,200
)
—

(24,200
)
—

(24,200
)
Tax (deficiency) from employee stock plans
—

(1,369
)
—

—

(1,369
)
—

(1,369
)
Common stock issued under employee stock plans
—

14,575

—

—

14,575

—

14,575

Tax withholdings on vesting of restricted stock
1

(10,743
)
—

—

(10,742
)
—

(10,742
)
Balance at April 1, 2016
$
101

$
—

$
1,853,602

$
(8,342
)
$
1,845,361

$
8,687

$
1,854,048



 
Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
 
 
 
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss)
Total Dolby
Laboratories,
Inc.
Controlling
Interest
Total
Balance at September 26, 2014
$
103

$
46,415

$
1,660,485

$
3,014

$
1,710,017

$
21,631

$
1,731,648

Net income
—

—

99,331

—

99,331

1,138

100,469

Currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $829
—

—

—

(11,211
)
(11,211
)
(661
)
(11,872
)
Unrealized gains on investments, net of tax of $(327)
—

—

—

665

665

—

665

Distributions to controlling interest
—

—

—

—

—

(5,628
)
(5,628
)
Stock-based compensation expense
—

34,509

—

—

34,509

—

34,509

Repurchase of common stock
(1
)
(32,363
)
—

—

(32,364
)
—

(32,364
)
Cash dividends declared and paid on common stock
—

—

(20,470
)
—

(20,470
)
—

(20,470
)
Tax benefit from employee stock plans
—

1,273

—

—

1,273

—

1,273

Common stock issued under employee stock plans
1

12,630

—

—

12,631

—

12,631

Tax withholdings on vesting of restricted stock
—

(11,809
)
—

—

(11,809
)
—

(11,809
)
Exercise of class B stock options
—

7

—

—

7

—

7

Balance at March 27, 2015
$
103

$
50,662

$
1,739,346

$
(7,532
)
$
1,782,579

$
16,480

$
1,799,059





















See accompanying notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

7
Table of Contents


DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC.
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Operating activities:
 
 
Net income including controlling interest
$
98,556

$
100,469

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
42,917

33,578

Stock-based compensation
35,466

34,509

Amortization of premium on investments
2,661

4,811

Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options
(338
)
(2,095
)
Provision for doubtful accounts
1,228

(487
)
Deferred income taxes
(5,709
)
(7,681
)
Other non-cash items affecting net income
498

1,252

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
Accounts receivable
(1,727
)
(3,457
)
Inventories
(3,533
)
1,397

Prepaid expenses and other assets
(6,979
)
(6,045
)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
(5,939
)
3,223

Income taxes, net
(8,752
)
12,064

Deferred revenue
8,495

5,486

Other non-current liabilities
22

916

Net cash provided by operating activities
156,866

177,940

 
 
 
Investing activities:
 
 
Purchase of investments
(200,944
)
(194,613
)
Proceeds from sales of investment securities
227,094

120,074

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities
59,053

79,885

Purchases of PP&E
(48,984
)
(78,488
)
Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
—

(93,516
)
Purchase of intangible assets
(105,270
)
(6,416
)
Change in restricted cash
(2,342
)
(14
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(71,393
)
(173,088
)
 
 
 
Financing activities:
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
14,575

12,638

Repurchase of common stock
(76,856
)
(32,364
)
Payment of cash dividend
(24,200
)
(20,470
)
Distribution to controlling interest
(214
)
(5,628
)
Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options
338

2,095

Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of restricted stock
(10,742
)
(11,809
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(97,099
)
(55,538
)
 
 
 
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
902

(3,792
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(10,724
)
(54,478
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
531,926

568,472

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
521,202

$
513,994

 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure:
 
 
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received
$
39,227

$
26,885

 
 
 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 
Change in PP&E purchased and unpaid at period-end
$
(9,592
)
$
27,824

Purchase consideration payable for acquisition
$
95

$
740





See accompanying notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

8
Table of Contents


DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Basis of Presentation
Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
We have prepared the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and with SEC rules and regulations, which allow for certain information and footnote disclosures that are normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP to be condensed or omitted. In our opinion, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 25, 2015 and include all adjustments necessary for fair presentation. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 25, 2015, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
The results for the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarterly or annual financial period, including the fiscal year ending September 30, 2016.
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Dolby Laboratories, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. In addition, we have consolidated the financial results of jointly owned affiliated companies in which our principal stockholder has a controlling interest. We report these controlling interests as a separate line in our consolidated statements of operations as net income attributable to controlling interest and in our consolidated balance sheets as a controlling interest. We eliminate all intercompany accounts and transactions upon consolidation.
Operating Segments
We operate as a single reporting segment, and thus all required financial segment information is included in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. This determination reflects the fact that our CODM, our Chief Executive Officer, evaluates our financial information and resources, and assesses the performance of these resources on a consolidated basis.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include estimated selling prices for elements sold in ME revenue arrangements; valuation allowances for accounts receivable; carrying values of inventories and certain property, plant, and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets; fair values of investments; accrued liabilities including liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits, deferred income tax assets and liabilities and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from our estimates.
Fiscal Year
Our fiscal year is a 52 or 53 week period ending on the last Friday in September. The fiscal periods presented herein include the 14 week period ended April 1, 2016 and the 13 week period March 27, 2015. Our fiscal year ended September 25, 2015 (fiscal 2015) consisted of 52 weeks while our fiscal year ending September 30, 2016 (fiscal 2016) will consist of 53 weeks.
Reclassifications
We have reclassified certain prior period amounts within our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to conform to our current period presentation. These reclassifications did not affect total revenue, operating income, operating cash flows or net income.

9
Table of Contents



2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
We continually assess any ASUs or other new accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB to determine their applicability and impact on us. Where it is determined that a new accounting pronouncement will result in a change to our financial reporting, we take the appropriate steps to ensure that such changes are properly reflected in our consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Adopted Standards
Balance Sheet Classification - Deferred Taxes.  During the first quarter of fiscal 2016, we elected to early-adopt ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. The new standard requires classification of all deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current, which represents a change from our historical presentation whereby certain of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were classified as current, and the remainder were classified as non-current. We elected a transition method to apply the changes from the new standard on a retrospective basis, and upon adoption, reclassified $97.1 million of deferred tax assets from current assets to non-current assets on our consolidated balance sheet as of September 25, 2015.
With the exception of the impact from the adoption of ASU 2015-17 discussed above, there have not been any changes to our significant accounting policies from those that were described in our Form 10-K for the prior fiscal year ended September 25, 2015.
Standards Not Yet Effective
Revenue Recognition.  In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. This new standard will replace existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective, and may also impact the accounting for certain direct costs associated with revenues. The new standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We are evaluating the effect that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, and have yet to select a transition method or determine the effect of the standard on our ongoing financial reporting. The new standard is effective for us, and we intend to adopt it beginning September 29, 2018. Although permitted, we do not intend to early adopt the new standard beginning September 30, 2017.
Consolidation.  In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, Consolidation: Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, which amends the consolidation requirements in ASC 810 and significantly changes the consolidation analysis required under U.S. GAAP. Among others, the ASU significantly amends how variable interests held by a reporting entity’s related parties or de facto agents affect its consolidation conclusion. The ASU is effective for us on October 1, 2016. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period, and we are currently evaluating the timing, transition method, and impact of the standard on our consolidated financial statements.
Inventory.  In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which affects reporting entities that measure inventory using first-in, first-out (FIFO) or average cost. Specifically, ASU 2015-11 requires that inventory be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. The ASU is effective for us on September 30, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, and we are currently evaluating the timing and impact of the standard on our consolidated financial statements.
Leases.  In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which amends the existing accounting standards for leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee will be required to recognize a lease liability and right-of-use asset for all leases with terms in excess of twelve months. The new guidance also modifies the classification criteria and accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases, and requires additional disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. Consistent with current guidance, a lessee's recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease will continue to depend primarily on its classification. The ASU is effective for us on September 28, 2019, and must be applied using a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an

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interim period, and we are currently evaluating the timing and impact of the standard on our consolidated financial statements.
Share-Based Compensation.  In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The ASU is effective for us on September 30, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period, and we are currently evaluating the timing and impact of the standard on our consolidated financial statements.

3. Composition of Certain Financial Statement Captions
The following tables present detailed information from our consolidated balance sheets as of April 1, 2016 and September 25, 2015 (amounts displayed in thousands, except as otherwise noted).
Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable, Net
April 1,
2016
September 25,
2015
Trade accounts receivable
$
87,114

$
94,559

Accounts receivable from patent administration program customers
17,634

8,546

Accounts receivable, gross
104,748

103,105

Less: allowance for doubtful accounts
(2,665
)
(1,542
)
Total
$
102,083

$
101,563

Inventories
Inventories
April 1,
2016
September 25,
2015
Raw materials
$
4,293

$
3,246

Work in process
5,628

3,279

Finished goods
7,338

7,347

Total
$
17,259

$
13,872


Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Inventory with a consumption period expected to exceed twelve months is recorded within other non-current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. In addition to the amounts shown in the table above, we have included $1.5 million and $1.4 million of raw materials inventory within other non-current assets in our consolidated balance sheets as of April 1, 2016 and September 25, 2015, respectively. Based on anticipated inventory consumption rates, and aside from existing write-downs due to excess and obsolete inventory, we do not believe that material risk of obsolescence exists prior to ultimate sale.
Prepaid Expenses And Other Current Assets
Prepaid Expenses And Other Current Assets
April 1,
2016
September 25,
2015
Prepaid expenses
$
17,945

$
13,680

Other current assets
7,071

7,525

Income tax receivable
11,182

10,826

Total
$
36,198

$
32,031

Accrued Liabilities
Accrued Liabilities
April 1,
2016
September 25,
2015
Accrued royalties
$
2,156

$
1,951

Amounts payable to patent administration program partners
55,676

40,466

Accrued compensation and benefits
51,229

70,317

Accrued professional fees
4,274

6,523

Other accrued liabilities
45,199

50,050

Total
$
158,534

$
169,307


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Other accrued liabilities include the accrual for unpaid PP&E additions of $13.2 million and $20.5 million as of April 1, 2016 and September 25, 2015, respectively.
Other Non-Current Liabilities
Other Non-Current Liabilities
April 1,
2016
September 25,
2015
Supplemental retirement plan obligations
$
2,418

$
2,400

Non-current tax liabilities
56,545

62,843

Other liabilities
11,701

11,781

Total
$
70,664

$
77,024

 
4. Investments & Fair Value Measurements
Investment Strategy.    Under our investment management strategy, we use cash holdings to purchase investment grade securities that are diversified among security types, industries and issuers. Each of the investments within our investment portfolio is measured at fair value, and is recorded within cash equivalents, short-term investments, and long-term investments in our consolidated balance sheets.
With the exception of our mutual fund investments held in our supplemental retirement plan, all of our investments are classified as available-for-sale securities. Investments held in our supplemental retirement plan are classified as trading securities. Our investments primarily consist of municipal debt securities, corporate bonds, United States agency securities and commercial paper. In addition to the security types noted above, our cash and cash equivalents also consist of highly-liquid money market funds. Consistent with our investment policy, none of the municipal debt investments that we hold are supported by letters of credit or standby purchase agreements.

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Our cash and investment portfolio, which is recorded as cash equivalents and both short and long-term investments, consists of the following (in thousands):
 
April 1,
2016
 
Cost
Unrealized
 
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Gains
Losses
Total
 
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
$
494,964

 
 
$
494,964

 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
26,238

—

—

26,238

 
26,238

 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
521,202

—

—

521,202


26,238

—

—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
13,867

22

(7
)
13,882

 
 
13,882

 
Corporate bonds
71,851

—

(51
)
71,800

 
 
71,800

 
Municipal debt securities
18,591

8

(14
)
18,585

 
 
18,585

 
Short-term investments
104,309

30

(72
)
104,267


—

104,267

—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certificate of deposit (1)
13,000

—

(15
)
12,985

 
 
12,985

 
U.S. agency securities
11,631

39

(1
)
11,669

 
11,669

 
 
Government bonds
14,483

70

(1
)
14,552

 
14,552

 
 
Corporate bonds
189,585

810

(197
)
190,198

 
 
190,198

 
Municipal debt securities
35,033

121

(22
)
35,132

 
 
35,132

 
Other long-term investments (2)
3,046

509

—

3,555

 
509

 


Long-term investments
266,778

1,549

(236
)
268,091


26,730

238,315

—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and investments
$
892,289

$
1,579

$
(308
)
$
893,560

 
$
52,968

$
342,582

$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments held in supplemental retirement plan:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
2,404

 
 
2,404

 
2,404

 
 
Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets & other non-current assets
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
2,404

 
 
2,404

 
2,404

 
 
Included in accrued liabilities & other non-current liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration related to acquisition:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
95

 
 
95

 


 
95

Included in accrued liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
The certificate of deposit includes marketable securities, and has a maturity in excess of one year as of April 1, 2016.
(2)
Other long-term investments as of April 1, 2016 include a marketable equity security of $0.5 million, and other investments that are not carried at fair value including an equity method investment of $0.6 million and two cost method investments of $2.0 million and $0.5 million.




13
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September 25,
2015
 
Cost
Unrealized
 
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Gains
Losses
Total
 
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
$
511,736

 
 
$
511,736

 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
19,014

—

—

19,014

 
19,014

 
 
Corporate bonds
1,176

—

—

1,176

 
 
1,176

 
Cash and cash equivalents
531,926

—

—

531,926

 
19,014

1,176

—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government bonds
2,000

1

—

2,001

 
2,001

 
 
Commercial paper
6,478

—

—

6,478

 
 
6,478

 
Corporate bonds
86,543

46

(11
)
86,578

 
 
86,578

 
Municipal debt securities
43,746

98

—

43,844

 
 
43,844

 
Short-term investments
138,767

145

(11
)
138,901

 
2,001

136,900

—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. agency securities
1,999

1

—

2,000

 
2,000

 
 
Government bonds
30,505

19

(17
)
30,507

 
30,507

 
 
Corporate bonds
167,394

138

(392
)
167,140

 
 
167,140

 
Municipal debt securities
117,552

189

(60
)
117,681

 
 
117,681

 
Other long-term investments (1)
2,961

726

—

3,687

 
726

 
 
Long-term investments
320,411

1,073

(469
)
321,015

 
33,233

284,821

—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and investments
$
991,104

$
1,218

$
(480
)
$
991,842

 
$
54,248

$
422,897

$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments held in supplemental retirement plan:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
2,498

 
 
2,498

 
2,498

 
 
Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets & other non-current assets
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
2,498

 
 
2,498

 
2,498

 
 
Included in accrued liabilities & other non-current liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration related to acquisition:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
95

 
 
95

 
 
 
95

Included in accrued liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Other long-term investments as of September 25, 2015 include a marketable equity security of $0.7 million, and other investments that are not carried at fair value including an equity method investment of $0.5 million and two cost method investments of $2.0 million and $0.5 million.
Fair Value Hierarchy.    Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We minimize the use of unobservable inputs and use observable market data, if available, when determining fair value. We classify our inputs to measure fair value using the following three-level hierarchy:
Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets at the measurement date for identical assets and liabilities. We base the fair value of our Level 1 financial instruments, which are traded in active markets, using quoted market prices for identical instruments.
Level 2: Prices may be based upon quoted prices in active markets or inputs not quoted on active markets but are corroborated by market data. We obtain the fair value of our Level 2 financial instruments from a professional pricing service, which may use quoted market prices for identical or comparable instruments, or model driven valuations using observable market data or inputs corroborated by observable market data. To validate the fair value determination provided by our primary pricing service, we perform quality controls over values received which include comparing our pricing service provider’s assessment of the fair values of our investment securities against the fair values of our investment securities obtained from another independent source, reviewing the pricing movement in the context of overall market trends, and reviewing trading information from our investment managers. In addition, we assess the inputs and methods used in determining the fair value in order to determine the classification of securities in the fair value hierarchy.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available and reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

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Securities In Gross Unrealized Loss Position.    We periodically evaluate our investments for other-than- temporary declines in fair value. The unrealized losses on our available-for-sale securities were primarily the result of unfavorable changes in interest rates subsequent to the initial purchase of these securities. The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and fair value for those available-for-sale securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of April 1, 2016 and September 25, 2015 (in thousands):
 
April 1, 2016
 
September 25, 2015
Investment Type
Fair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses (1)
 
Fair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses (1)
Certificate of deposit
$
12,986

$
(15
)
 
$
—

$
—

U.S. agency securities
2,996

(2
)
 
19,005

(17
)
Commercial paper
13,860

(7
)
 
—

—

Corporate bonds
71,460

(248
)
 
148,034

(403
)
Municipal debt securities
18,338

(36
)
 
35,476

(60
)
Total
$
119,640

$
(308
)
 
$
202,515

$
(480
)
(1)
Our available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position were in such position for less than twelve months as of both April 1, 2016 and September 25, 2015.
Although we had certain securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of April 1, 2016, we expect to recover the full carrying value of these securities as we do not intend to, nor do we currently anticipate a need to sell these securities prior to recovering the associated unrealized losses. As a result, we do not consider any portion of the unrealized losses at either April 1, 2016 or September 25, 2015 to represent an other-than-temporary impairment, nor do we consider any of the unrealized losses to be credit losses.
Investment Maturities.    The following table summarizes the amortized cost and estimated fair value of the available-for-sale securities within our investment portfolio based on stated maturities as of April 1, 2016 and September 25, 2015, which are recorded within cash equivalents and both short and long-term investments in our consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):
 
April 1, 2016
 
September 25, 2015
Range of maturity
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Due within 1 year
$
130,547

$
130,505

 
$
158,957

$
159,090

Due in 1 to 2 years
125,706

125,932

 
173,571

173,577

Due in 2 to 3 years
138,027

138,604

 
143,879

143,752

Total
$
394,280

$
395,041

 
$
476,407

$
476,419


5. Property, Plant & Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, with depreciation expense included in cost of products, cost of services, R&D, S&M and G&A expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. PP&E consist of the following (in thousands):
Property, Plant And Equipment
April 1,
2016
 
September 25,
2015
Land
$
43,457

 
$
43,537

Buildings and building improvements
261,857

 
248,390

Leasehold improvements
60,648

 
61,455

Machinery and equipment
74,556

 
70,143

Computer systems and software
149,112

 
136,666

Furniture and fixtures
27,197

 
25,489

Equipment provided under operating leases
22,318

 
7,638

Construction-in-progress
4,673

 
11,448

Property, plant and equipment, gross
643,818

 
604,766

Less: accumulated depreciation
(227,564
)
 
(201,675
)
Property, plant and equipment, net
$
416,254

 
$
403,091


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6. Goodwill & Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table outlines changes to the carrying amount of goodwill (in thousands):
 
Goodwill
Balance at September 25, 2015
$
307,708

Translation adjustments
2,172

Balance at April 1, 2016
$
309,880

Intangible Assets
Our intangible assets are stated at their original cost less accumulated amortization, and principally consist of acquired technology, patents, trademarks, customer relationships and contracts. Intangible assets subject to amortization consist of the following (in thousands):
 
April 1, 2016
 
September 25, 2015
Intangible Assets, Net
Cost
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
 
Cost
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Acquired patents and technology
$
278,222

$
(88,261
)
$
189,961

 
$
172,787

$
(74,398
)
$
98,389

Customer relationships
56,826

(31,262
)
25,564

 
56,933

(28,275
)
28,658

Other intangibles
22,722

(22,165
)
557

 
22,564

(22,104
)
460

Total
$
357,770

$
(141,688
)
$
216,082

 
$
252,284

$
(124,777
)
$
127,507

During both the fiscal year-to-date period ended April 1, 2016 and March 27, 2015, we purchased various patents and developed technology for cash consideration that enable us to further develop our audio, imaging and potential product offerings.
Patent Portfolio Acquisition.    On September 30, 2015, we completed an asset purchase of a patent portfolio that fits within our existing patent licensing programs for total consideration of $105.0 million. These assets are categorized within the "Acquired patents and technology" intangible asset class, and will be amortized over their weighted-average useful life of 9.0 years.
Other.    During the first quarter of fiscal 2016, we also acquired other intangible assets for cash consideration of $0.3 million, which will be amortized over their weighted-average useful life of 18.0 years.
With regard to our purchase of intangible assets during the periods presented, the following table summarizes the cash consideration paid, the weighted-average useful lives over which the acquired assets will be amortized using the greater of either the straight-line basis or a ratio-to-revenue method, and the classification of their amortized expense in our consolidated statements of operations:
Fiscal Period
Total Purchase Consideration
Weighted-Average Useful Life
Income Statement Classification: Amortization Expense
 
(in millions)
(in years)
 
Fiscal 2015
 
 
 
Q1 - Quarter ended December 26, 2014
$6.4
18.0
Cost of Revenue
Q2 - Quarter ended March 27, 2015
—
0
 
 
$6.4
18.0
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal 2016
 
 
 
Q1 - Quarter ended January 1, 2016
$105.3
9.0
Cost of Revenue
Q2 - Quarter ended April 1, 2016
—
0
 
 
$105.3
9.0
 
Amortization expense for our intangible assets is included in cost of licensing, cost of products, R&D and S&M expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Amortization expense was $8.2 million and $5.6 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $16.7 million and $11.0 million in the fiscal year-to-date period ended April 1, 2016 and March 27, 2015, respectively. As of April 1, 2016, estimated amortization expense in

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future fiscal periods was as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Year
 Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2016
$
16,140

2017
29,660

2018
24,214

2019
23,630

2020
23,405

Thereafter
99,033

Total
$
216,082

 
7. Stockholders' Equity & Stock-Based Compensation
We provide stock-based awards as a form of compensation for employees, officers and directors. We have issued stock-based awards in the form of stock options and RSUs under our equity incentive plans, as well as shares under our ESPP.
Common Stock - Class A and Class B
Our Board of Directors has authorized two classes of common stock, Class A and Class B. At April 1, 2016, we had authorized 500,000,000 Class A shares and 500,000,000 Class B shares. At April 1, 2016, we had 53,265,096 shares of Class A common stock and 46,790,462 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding. Holders of our Class A and Class B common stock have identical rights, except that holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share. Shares of Class B common stock can be converted to shares of Class A common stock at any time at the option of the stockholder and automatically convert upon sale or transfer, except for certain transfers specified in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation.
Stock Incentive Plans
2005 Stock Plan.    In January 2005, our stockholders approved our 2005 Stock Plan, which our Board of Directors adopted in November 2004. The 2005 Stock Plan became effective on February 16, 2005, the day prior to the completion of our initial public offering. Our 2005 Stock Plan, as amended and restated, provides for the ability to grant ISOs, NQs, restricted stock, RSUs, SARs, deferred stock units, performance units, performance bonus awards and performance shares. A total of 29.0 million shares of our Class A common stock is authorized for issuance under the 2005 Stock Plan. For awards granted prior to February 2011, any shares subject to an award with a per share price less than the fair market value of our Class A common stock on the date of grant and any shares subject to an outstanding RSU award will be counted against the authorized share reserve as two shares for every one share subject to the award, and if returned to the 2005 Stock Plan, such shares will be counted as two shares for every one share returned. For those awards granted from February 2011 onward, any shares subject to an award with a per share price less than the fair market value of our Class A common stock on the date of grant and any shares subject to an outstanding RSU award will be counted against the authorized share reserve as 1.6 shares for every one share subject to the award, and if returned to the 2005 Stock Plan, such shares will be counted as 1.6 for every one share returned.
Stock Options.    Stock options are generally granted at fair market value on the date of grant. Options granted to employees and officers prior to June 2008 generally vest over four years, with equal annual cliff-vesting and expire on the earlier of 10 years after the date of grant or 3 months after termination of service. Options granted to employees and officers from June 2008 onward generally vest over four years, with 25% of the shares subject to the option becoming exercisable on the one-year anniversary of the date of grant and the balance of the shares vesting in equal monthly installments over the following 36 months. These options expire on the earlier of 10 years after the date of grant or 3 months after termination of service. All options granted vest over the requisite service period and upon the exercise of stock options, we issue new shares of Class A common stock under the 2005 Stock Plan. Our 2005 Stock Plan also allows us to grant stock awards which vest based on the satisfaction of specific performance criteria.
Performance-Based Stock Options.    On December 15, 2015, we granted PSOs to our executive officers with shares of our Class A common stock underlying such options. The contractual term for the PSOs is seven years, with vesting contingent upon market-based performance conditions, representing the achievement of specified Dolby annualized TSR targets at the end of a three-year measurement period ending December 15, 2018. If the minimum conditions are met, the PSOs earned will cliff vest on the third anniversary of the grant date, upon certification of achievement of the performance conditions by our Compensation Committee. Anywhere from 0% to 125% of the

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shares subject to a PSO may vest based on achievement of the performance conditions at the end of the three-year performance period.
During the first quarter of fiscal 2016, we granted 419,623 PSOs to our executive officers. In valuing the PSOs which will be recognized as compensation cost, we used a Monte Carlo valuation model. Aside from the use of an expected term for the PSOs commensurate with their shorter contractual term, the nature of the valuation inputs used in the Monte Carlo valuation model were consistent with those used to value our non-performance based options granted under the 2005 Plan. Compensation cost is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
The following table summarizes information about all stock options issued under our 2005 Stock Plan:
 
Shares
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (1)
 
(in thousands)
 
(in years)
(in thousands)
Options outstanding at September 25, 2015
8,835

$
35.85

 
 
Grants
2,187

33.21

 
 
Exercises
(345
)
29.18

 
 
Forfeitures and cancellations
(230
)
40.32

 
 
Options outstanding at April 1, 2016
10,447

35.41

7.3
$
83,774

Options vested and expected to vest at April 1, 2016
9,718

35.35

7.2
78,586

Options exercisable at April 1, 2016
5,451

$
33.90

6.0
51,366

(1)
Aggregate intrinsic value is based on the closing price of our common stock on April 1, 2016 of $43.37 and excludes the impact of options that were not in-the-money.
Restricted Stock Units.    Beginning in fiscal 2008, we began granting RSUs to certain directors, officers and employees under our 2005 Stock Plan. Awards granted to employees and officers generally vest over four years, with equal annual cliff-vesting. Awards granted to directors prior to November 2010 generally vest over three years, with equal annual cliff-vesting. Awards granted after November 2010 and prior to fiscal 2014 to new directors vest over approximately two years, with 50% vesting per year, while awards granted from November 2010 onward to ongoing directors generally vest over approximately one year. Awards granted to new directors from fiscal 2014 onward vest on the earlier of the first anniversary of the award’s date of grant, or the day immediately preceding the date of the next annual meeting of stockholders that occurs after the award’s date of grant. Our 2005 Stock Plan also allows us to grant RSUs which vest based on the satisfaction of specific performance criteria, although no such awards have been granted as of April 1, 2016. At each vesting date, the holder of the award is issued shares of our Class A common stock. Compensation expense from these awards is equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
The following table summarizes information about RSUs issued under our 2005 Stock Plan:
 
Shares
Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value 
 
(in thousands)
 
Non-vested at September 25, 2015
2,830

$
40.73

Granted
1,260

33.57

Vested
(953
)
36.45

Forfeitures
(113
)
38.76

Non-vested at April 1, 2016
3,024

$
39.17

Employee Stock Purchase Plan.   Our plan allows eligible employees to have up to 10 percent of their eligible compensation withheld and used to purchase Class A common stock, subject to a maximum of $25,000 worth of stock purchased in a calendar year or no more than 1,000 shares in an offering period, whichever is less. An offering period consists of successive six-month purchase periods, with a look back feature to our stock price at the commencement of a one-year offering period. The plan provides for a discount equal to 15 percent of the lower of the closing price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the first and last day of the offering periods. The plan also includes an automatic reset feature that provides for an offering period to be reset and recommenced to a new lower-priced offering if the offering price of a new offering period is less than that of the immediately preceding offering period.

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Stock Option Valuation Assumptions
We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the estimated fair value of employee stock options at the date of the grant. The Black-Scholes model includes inputs that require us to make certain estimates and assumptions regarding the expected term of the award, as well as the future risk-free interest rate, and the volatility of our stock price over the expected term of the award.
Expected Term.    The expected term of an award represents the estimated period of time that options granted will remain outstanding, and is measured from the grant date to the date at which the option is either exercised or canceled. Our determination of the expected term involves an evaluation of historical terms and other factors such as the exercise and termination patterns of our employees who hold options to acquire our common stock, and is based on certain assumptions made regarding the future exercise and termination behavior.
Risk-Free Interest Rate.    The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield curve of United States Treasury instruments in effect on the date of grant. In determining an estimate for the risk-free interest rate, we use average interest rates based on these instruments’ constant maturities with a term that approximates and corresponds with the expected term of our awards.
Expected Stock Price Volatility.    The expected volatility represents the estimated volatility in the price of our common stock over a time period that approximates the expected term of the awards, and is determined using a blended combination of historical and implied volatility. Historical volatility is representative of the historical trends in our stock price for periods preceding the measurement date for a period that is commensurate with the expected term. Implied volatility is based upon externally traded option contracts of our common stock.
Dividend Yield.    The dividend yield is based on our anticipated dividend payout over the expected term of our option awards. Dividend declarations and the establishment of future record and payment dates are subject to the Board of Directors’ continuing determination that the dividend policy is in the best interests of our stockholders. The dividend policy may be changed or canceled at the discretion of the Board of Directors at any time.
The weighted-average assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of our stock options were as follows:
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Expected term (in years)
5.24

5.21

 
5.24

4.60

Risk-free interest rate
1.5
%
1.6
%
 
1.7
%
1.5
%
Expected stock price volatility
30.1
%
29.5
%
 
29.8
%
29.7
%
Dividend yield
1.4
%
1.0
%
 
1.4
%
0.9
%
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense for equity awards granted to employees is determined by estimating their fair value on the date of grant, and recognizing that value as an expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in which our employees earn the awards. Compensation expense related to these equity awards is recognized net of estimated forfeitures, which reduce the expense recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. The selection of applicable estimated forfeiture rates is based on an evaluation of trends in our historical forfeiture data with consideration for other potential driving factors. If in subsequent periods actual forfeitures significantly differ from our initial estimates, we will revise such estimates accordingly.
The following two tables separately present stock-based compensation expense both by award type and classification in our consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

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Expense - By Award Type
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Compensation Expense - By Type
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options
$
4,998

$
5,729

 
$
11,364

$
12,012

Restricted stock units
10,267

10,077

 
22,343

20,292

Employee stock purchase plan
821

861

 
1,759

2,205

Total stock-based compensation
16,086

16,667

 
35,466

34,509

Benefit from income taxes
(4,706
)
(4,890
)
 
(10,412
)
(10,041
)
Total stock-based compensation, net of tax
$
11,380

$
11,777

 
$
25,054

$
24,468


Expense - By Income Statement Line Item Classification
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Compensation Expense - By Classification
 
 
 
 
Cost of products
$
219

$
224

 
$
499

$
470

Cost of services
114

115

 
243

237

Research and development
4,268

4,938

 
9,375

10,212

Sales and marketing
6,441

5,576

 
14,151

11,485

General and administrative
5,044

5,814

 
11,198

12,105

Total stock-based compensation
16,086

16,667

 
35,466

34,509

Benefit from income taxes
(4,706
)
(4,890
)
 
(10,412
)
(10,041
)
Total stock-based compensation, net of tax
$
11,380

$
11,777

 
$
25,054

$
24,468

The tax benefit that we recognize from certain exercises of ISOs and shares issued under our ESPP are excluded from the tables above. This benefit was as follows (in thousands):
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Tax benefit - stock option exercises & shares issued under ESPP
$
28

$
19

 
$
123

$
187

Unrecognized Compensation Expense.    At April 1, 2016, total unrecorded compensation expense associated with employee stock options expected to vest was approximately $41.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years. At April 1, 2016, total unrecorded compensation expense associated with RSUs expected to vest was approximately $84.5 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.
Common Stock Repurchase Program
In November 2009, we announced a stock repurchase program ("program"), providing for the repurchase of up to $250.0 million of our Class A common stock. The following table summarizes the initial amount of authorized repurchases as well as additional repurchases approved by our Board of Directors as of April 1, 2016 (in thousands):
Authorization Period
Authorization Amount
Fiscal 2010: November 2009
$
250,000

Fiscal 2010: July 2010
300,000

Fiscal 2011: July 2011
250,000

Fiscal 2012: February 2012
100,000

Fiscal 2015: October 2014
200,000

Total
$
1,100,000


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Stock repurchases under the program may be made through open market transactions, negotiated purchases, or otherwise, at times and in amounts that we consider appropriate. The timing of repurchases and the number of shares repurchased depend upon a variety of factors, including price, regulatory requirements, the rate of dilution from our equity compensation plans and other market conditions. The program does not have a specified expiration date, and can be limited, suspended or terminated at our discretion at any time without prior notice. Shares repurchased under the program will be returned to the status of authorized but unissued shares of Class A common stock. As of April 1, 2016, the remaining authorization to purchase additional shares is approximately $75.9 million.
The following table provides information regarding share repurchase activity under the program during fiscal 2016:
Quarterly Repurchase Activity
Shares
Repurchased
Cost (1)
Average Price Paid Per Share (2)
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Q1 - Quarter ended January 1, 2016
1,140,700

$
39,449

$
34.57

Q2 - Quarter ended April 1, 2016
975,745

37,407

38.32

Total
2,116,445

$
76,856

 
(1)
Cost of share repurchases includes the price paid per share and applicable commissions.
(2)
Average price paid per share excludes commission costs.
Dividend
In October 2014, our Board of Directors initiated a recurring quarterly dividend program for our stockholders. The following table summarizes the dividend payments made under the program during fiscal 2016:
Fiscal Period
Declaration Date
Record Date
Payment Date
Cash Dividend Per Common Share
Dividend Payment
 
Fiscal 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1 - Quarter ended January 1, 2016
January 25, 2016
February 8, 2016
February 17, 2016
$
0.12

$12.1 million
 
Q2 - Quarter ended April 1, 2016
April 25, 2016
May 9, 2016
May 18, 2016
$
0.12

$12.0 million
(1)
(1)
The amount of the dividend payment is estimated based on the number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock that we estimate will be outstanding as of the Record Date.

8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other comprehensive income consists of two components: unrealized gains or losses on our available-for-sale marketable investment securities and the gain or loss from foreign currency translation adjustments. Until realized and reported as a component of net income, these comprehensive income items accumulate and are included within accumulated other comprehensive income, a subsection within stockholders’ equity in our consolidated balance sheet. Unrealized gains and losses on our investment securities are reclassified from AOCI into earnings when realized upon sale, and are determined based on specific identification of securities sold. Gains and losses from the translation of assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are included in AOCI.

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The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated balances during the period, and includes information regarding the manner in which the reclassifications out of AOCI into earnings affect our consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
April 1, 2016
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
April 1, 2016
 
Investment Securities
Currency Translation Adjustments
Total
 
Investment Securities
Currency Translation Adjustments
Total
Balance, beginning of period
$
(510
)
$
(12,413
)
$
(12,923
)
 
$
350

$
(11,812
)
$
(11,462
)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains - investment securities
1,401



1,401

 
242



242

Foreign currency translation gains (1)


3,173

3,173

 


2,229

2,229

Income tax effect - benefit/(expense)
(94
)
(155
)
(249
)
 
105

188

293

Net of tax
1,307

3,018

4,325

 
347

2,417

2,764

Amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings:






 






Realized gains - investment securities (1)
347



347

 
478



478

Income tax effect - (expense) (2)
(91
)


(91
)
 
(122
)


(122
)
Net of tax
256

—

256

 
356

—

356

Net current-period other comprehensive income
1,563

3,018

4,581

 
703

2,417

3,120

Balance, end of period
$
1,053

$
(9,395
)
$
(8,342
)
 
$
1,053

$
(9,395
)
$
(8,342
)
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
March 27, 2015
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
March 27, 2015
 
Investment Securities
Currency Translation Adjustments
Total
 
Investment Securities
Currency Translation Adjustments
Total
Balance, beginning of period
$
328

$
(2,516
)
$
(2,188
)
 
$
505

$
2,509

$
3,014

Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains - investment securities
1,554

 
1,554

 
1,169

 
1,169

Foreign currency translation (losses) (1)
 
(6,487
)
(6,487
)
 
 
(12,040
)
(12,040
)
Income tax effect - benefit/(expense)
(507
)
301

(206
)
 
(327
)
829

502

Net of tax
1,047

(6,186
)
(5,139
)
 
842

(11,211
)
(10,369
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized (losses) - investment securities (1)
(218
)
 
(218
)
 
(204
)
 
(204
)
Income tax effect - benefit (2)
13

 
13

 
27

 
27

Net of tax
(205
)
—

(205
)
 
(177
)
—

(177
)
Net current-period other comprehensive income/(loss)
842

(6,186
)
(5,344
)
 
665

(11,211
)
(10,546
)
Balance, end of period
$
1,170

$
(8,702
)
$
(7,532
)
 
$
1,170

$
(8,702
)
$
(7,532
)
(1)
Realized gains or losses from the sale of our available-for-sale investment securities or from foreign currency translation adjustments are included within other income/expense, net in our consolidated statements of operations.
(2)
The income tax benefit or expense is included within provision for income taxes in our consolidated statements of operations.
9. Earnings Per Share
Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income attributable to Dolby Laboratories, Inc. by the number of weighted-average shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding during the period. Through application of the treasury stock method, diluted EPS is computed in the same manner, except that the number of weighted-average shares outstanding is increased by the number of potentially dilutive shares from employee incentive plans during the period.
Basic and diluted EPS are computed independently for each fiscal quarter and year-to-date period presented, which involves the use of different weighted-average share count figures relating to quarterly and annual periods. As a result, and after factoring the effect of rounding to the nearest cent per share, the sum of all four quarter-to-date EPS figures may not equal year-to-date EPS.

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Potentially dilutive shares represent the hypothetical number of incremental shares issuable under the assumed exercise of outstanding stock options (both vested and non-vested), vesting of outstanding restricted stock units, and shares issued under our employee stock purchase plan. The calculation of dilutive shares outstanding excludes out-of-the-money stock options (i.e., such options' exercise prices were greater than the average market price of our common shares for the period) because their inclusion would have been antidilutive.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS attributable to Dolby Laboratories, Inc. (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
$
67,398

$
57,974

 
$
98,299

$
99,331

 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding—basic
100,456

102,509

 
100,600

102,406

Potential common shares from options to purchase common stock
748

889

 
674

941

Potential common shares from restricted stock units
351

506

 
442

750

Weighted-average shares outstanding—diluted
101,555

103,904

 
101,716

104,097

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per share attributable to Dolby Laboratories, Inc.:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.67

$
0.57

 
$
0.98

$
0.97

Diluted
$
0.66

$
0.56

 
$
0.97

$
0.95

 
 
 
 
 
 
Antidilutive awards excluded from calculation:
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options
7,124

4,604

 
6,349

3,684

Restricted stock units
733

934

 
184

106

 
10. Income Taxes
Our income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management's best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid. We are subject to income taxes in both the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense.
Unrecognized Tax Benefit
As of April 1, 2016, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $60.9 million, of which $50.2 million, if recognized, would reduce our effective tax rate. As of September 25, 2015, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $65.2 million, of which $53.0 million, if recognized, would reduce our effective tax rate. The decrease was due to the effective settlement of I.R.S. and California tax examinations.
During the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2016, the California Franchise Tax Board concluded the examination of our 2005 through 2007 tax years, and as a result, we recognized a tax benefit of $5.7 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2016.
An additional factor driving the decrease was attributed to the settlement of an I.R.S. tax examination during the first quarter of fiscal 2016 in which the related tax reserve balance was re-classified from long-term income tax payable to current income tax payable and paid. Our net liability for unrecognized tax benefits is classified within other non-current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.
Withholding Taxes
We recognize licensing revenue gross of withholding taxes, which our licensees remit directly to their local tax authorities, and for which we receive a partial foreign tax credit in our income tax provision. The foreign current tax includes this withholding tax expense while the appropriate foreign tax credit benefit is included in current federal and foreign taxes. Withholding taxes were as follows (in thousands):

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Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Withholding taxes
$
12,406

$
11,942

 
$
22,188

$
24,142

Effective Tax Rate
Each period, the combination of multiple different factors can impact our effective tax rate. These factors include both recurring items such as tax rates and the relative amount of income earned in foreign jurisdictions, as well as discrete items such as changes to our uncertain tax positions, that may occur in, but are not necessarily consistent between periods.
Our effective tax rate decreased from 27% in the second quarter of fiscal 2015 to 19% in the second quarter of fiscal 2016, which reflects the benefit from the impact of our settlement of the California audit for the 2005 - 2007 tax years and increased benefits from federal R&D tax credits.
On a year-to-date basis, our effective tax rate decreased from 25% in the fiscal year-to-date period ended
March 27, 2015 to 20% in the fiscal year-to-date period ended April 1, 2016. The overall decrease reflects the net benefit from our settlement of I.R.S. and California audits and increased benefits from federal R&D tax credits.

11. Restructuring
Restructuring charges recorded in our statement of operations represent costs associated with separate individual restructuring plans implemented in various fiscal periods. Costs arising from these actions, including fluctuations in related balances between fiscal periods, are based on the nature of activities under the various plans.
Fiscal 2016 Restructuring Plan.    In January 2016, we implemented a plan to reorganize and consolidate certain activities and positions within our global business infrastructure. As a result, we recorded $1.3 million in restructuring costs during the fiscal quarter and year-to-date period ended April 1, 2016, representing severance and other related benefits offered to approximately 30 employees that were affected by this action. As of April 1, 2016, no outstanding accrual balance remained for obligations under this plan.
Accruals for restructuring charges are included within accrued liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets while restructuring charges/(credits) are included within restructuring charges/(credits) in our consolidated statements of operations.

12. Commitments & Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contractual agreements with third parties that include non-cancelable payment obligations, for which we are liable in future periods. These arrangements can include terms binding us to minimum payments and/or penalties if we terminate the agreement for any reason other than an event of default as described by the agreement. The following table presents a summary of our contractual obligations and commitments as of April 1, 2016 (in thousands):
 
Payments Due By Fiscal Period
 
Remainder Of
Fiscal 2016
Fiscal
2017
Fiscal
2018
Fiscal
2019
Fiscal
2020
Thereafter
Total
Naming rights
$
—

$
7,619

$
7,715

$
7,811

$
7,909

$
102,980

$
134,034

Donation commitments
3,155

6,300

322

322

322

1,013

11,434

Operating leases
6,823

12,340

10,308

8,091

7,565

30,700

75,827

Purchase obligations
13,566

13,103

1,199

—

—

—

27,868

Total
$
23,544

$
39,362

$
19,544

$
16,224

$
15,796

$
134,693

$
249,163

Naming Rights.     We are party to an agreement for naming rights and related benefits with respect to the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, California, the location of the Academy Awards®. The term of the agreement is 20 years, over which we will make payments on a semi-annual basis until fiscal 2032. Our payment obligations are conditioned in part on the Academy Awards® being held and broadcast from the Dolby Theatre.
Donation Commitments.     During fiscal 2014, we entered into an agreement to contribute and install imaging and audio products to the Museum of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in Los Angeles, California, and provide maintenance services for a fifteen-year period following the Museum's expected opening date in 2017, in exchange for various marketing, branding and publicity benefits. During fiscal 2016, we entered into an agreement

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with the Academy of Motion Television Arts and Sciences Foundation in Los Angeles, California, under which we are contributing cash, imaging and audio products which we will install, and maintenance services for a ten-year period, in exchange for various promotional benefits.
Operating Leases.     Operating lease payments represent our commitments for future minimum rent made under non-cancelable leases for office space, including those payable to our principal stockholder and portions attributable to the controlling interests in our wholly owned subsidiaries.
Purchase Obligations.     Purchase obligations primarily consist of our commitments made under agreements to purchase goods and services for purposes that include IT and telecommunications, marketing and professional services, and manufacturing and other research and development activities.
Indemnification Clauses.     On a limited basis, our contractual agreements will contain a clause under which we have agreed to provide indemnification to the counterparty, most commonly to licensees in connection with licensing arrangements that include our intellectual property. Additionally, and although not a contractual requirement, we have at times elected to defend our licensees from third party intellectual property infringement claims. Since the terms and conditions of our contractual indemnification clauses do not explicitly specify our obligations, we are unable to reasonably estimate the maximum potential exposure for which we could be liable. Furthermore, we have not historically made any payments in connection with any such obligation and believe there to be a remote likelihood that any potential exposure in future periods would be of a material amount. As a result, no amounts have been accrued in our consolidated financial statements with respect to the contingent aspect of these indemnities.

13. Business Combinations
Doremi Technologies, LLC.
On October 31, 2014 ("acquisition date"), we completed our acquisition of all outstanding interests of Doremi Technologies, LLC. ("Doremi"), a privately held company, and certain assets related to the business of Doremi from Doremi Labs, Inc. and Highlands Technologies SAS (the "Doremi-related assets") for cash consideration of $98.4 million and up to an additional $20.0 million in contingent consideration that may be earned over a four-year period following the closing of the acquisition. Upon acquisition, the fair value of the contingent consideration liability was estimated as $0.7 million and was determined by applying a discounted and probability-weighted approach to potential shipments of specified products over the four-year period. Based on a revision to initial estimates, the fair value of this liability was remeasured to $0.1 million as of September 25, 2015. No further changes to our estimates have since been made, and accordingly the liability of $0.1 million remains included within our consolidated balance sheet as of April 1, 2016.
The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation made to the net tangible and intangible assets acquired (including cash of $8.4 million) and liabilities assumed based on their acquisition date fair values, with the excess amount recorded as goodwill, which is representative of the expected benefits and synergies from the integration of Doremi technology with ours as well as their assembled workforce.
Purchase Price Allocation
 
Current assets
$
17,231

Inventories
16,372

Intangible assets
45,600

Goodwill
39,672

Current liabilities
(11,653
)
Non-current liabilities
(8,820
)
Cash consideration paid to sellers
98,402

Add: contingent consideration
740

Total purchase consideration
$
99,142

The following table summarizes the fair values allocated to the various intangible assets acquired (in thousands), the weighted-average useful lives over which they will be amortized using the straight-line method, and the classification of their amortized expense in our consolidated statements of operations. The value of these acquired intangibles was determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows under various valuation techniques and inputs.

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Intangible Assets Acquired
Purchase Price Allocation
Weighted-Average Useful Life (Years)
Income Statement Classification: Amortization Expense
Customer relationships
$25,600
10
Sales & Marketing
Developed technology
17,500
7.5
Cost of Sales
Trade name
1,300
1
Sales & Marketing
Backlog
1,200
1
Cost of Sales
Total
$45,600
 
 
Total acquisition-related costs incurred in connection with the transaction were $6.3 million, of which $0.4 million were recorded during the fiscal quarter ended December 26, 2014 and none thereafter. These costs were included in G&A expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Pro forma financial information for Doremi's post-acquisition results is not deemed significant and is thus not provided.

14. Legal Matters
We are involved in various legal proceedings that occasionally arise in the normal course of business. These can include claims of alleged infringement of intellectual property rights, commercial, employment and other matters. In our opinion, resolution of these proceedings is not expected to have a material adverse impact on our operating results or financial condition. Given the unpredictable nature of legal proceedings, it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more such proceedings could materially affect our future operating results or financial condition in a particular period, including as a result of required changes to our licensing terms, monetary penalties and other potential consequences. However, based on the information known by us as of the date of this filing and the rules and regulations applicable to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, any such amount is either immaterial, or it is not possible to provide an estimated amount of any such potential loss.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations and are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to statements regarding: operating results and underlying measures; demand and acceptance for our technologies and products; market growth opportunities and trends; our plans, strategies and expected opportunities; future competition; our stock repurchase plan; and our dividend policy. Use of words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue” or similar expressions indicates a forward-looking statement. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including the risks set forth in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” Such forward-looking statements are based on management’s reasonable current assumptions and expectations. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform our prior statements to new developments or actual results.
OVERVIEW
Dolby Laboratories creates audio, imaging, and voice technologies that transform entertainment and communications at the cinema, at home, at work and on mobile devices. Founded in 1965, our core strengths stem from expertise in digital signal processing and compression technologies that have transformed the ability of artists to convey entertainment experiences to their audiences through recorded media. Such technologies led to the development of our noise-reduction systems for analog tape recordings, and have since evolved into multiple offerings that enable more immersive sound for cinema, digital television transmissions and devices, OTT video services, DVD and Blu-ray discs, gaming consoles, and mobile devices. More recently, our technologies have played a prominent role in the development of the next generation of audio for the cinema, home entertainment, mobile and gaming experiences. Today, we derive the majority of our revenue from licensing our audio technologies. We also provide products and services that enable content creators and distributors to produce, encode, transmit and playback content for superior consumer experiences. We have also developed new applications, most recently for voice conferencing, as well as imaging solutions that enable HDR picture quality in televisions and cinemas.
Revenue Generation
The following table presents a summary of the composition of our revenues for all periods presented:
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
Revenue
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
   Licensing
91%
90%
 
89%
91%
   Products
7%
8%
 
9%
7%
   Services
2%
2%
 
2%
2%
Total
100%
100%
 
100%
100%
We license our technologies in approximately 50 countries, and our licensees distribute products that incorporate our technologies throughout the world. As shown in the table below, we generate a significant portion of our revenue from outside the United States. Geographic data for our licensing revenue is based on the location of our licensees’ headquarters. Products revenue is based on the destination to which we ship our products, while services revenue is based on the location where services are performed.
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
Revenue By Geographic Location
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
United States
29%
28%
International
71%
72%
We have active licensing arrangements with over 550 electronics product OEMs and software developer licensees. As of April 1, 2016, we had approximately 5,900 issued patents relating to technologies from which we

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derive a significant portion of our licensing revenue. We have approximately 1,020 trademark registrations throughout the world for a variety of wordmarks, logos, and slogans. These trademarks are an integral part of our technology licensing program as licensees typically place them on their products which incorporate our technologies to inform consumers that they have met our quality specifications.
Licensing
The following table presents the composition of our licensing business and revenues for all periods presented:
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
Market
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Main Offerings Incorporating Our Technologies
Broadcast
45%
42%
 
46%
41%
Televisions & STBs
PC
16%
17%
 
16%
17%
Windows operating systems & DVD software players
Consumer Electronics
14%
15%
 
14%
15%
DVD and Blu-ray Disc devices, AVRs, DMAs, HTIBs & Soundbars
Mobile
11%
11%
 
10%
13%
Smartphones, tablets & other mobile devices
Other
14%
15%
 
14%
14%
Gaming consoles, auto DVD, audio conferencing & Dolby Cinema
Total
100%
100%
 
100%
100%
 
We have various licensing models: a two-tier model, an integrated licensing model, a patent licensing model, and most recently, a revenue-sharing model.
Two-Tier Licensing Model.   Most of our consumer entertainment licensing business consists of a two-tier licensing model whereby our decoding technologies, included in reference software and firmware code, are first provided under license to a semiconductor manufacturer. The manufacturer then incorporates our technologies in ICs. Licensed semiconductor manufacturers, whom we refer to as “implementation licensees,” sell their ICs to OEMs of consumer entertainment products, which we refer to as “system licensees.” System licensees separately obtain licenses from us that allow them to make and sell finished end-user products that incorporate our technologies in ICs purchased from our implementation licensees.
Implementation licensees pay us a one-time, up-front fee per license. In exchange, the licensee receives a licensing package which includes information useful in implementing our technologies into their chipsets. Once implemented, the licensee sends us a sample chipset for quality control evaluation, and after we validate the design, the licensee may sell the chipset for use to our network of system licensees.
System licensees provide us with prototypes of products, or self-test results of products that incorporate our technologies. Upon our confirmation that our technologies are optimally and consistently incorporated, the system licensee may buy ICs under a license for the same Dolby technology from our network of implementation licensees, and may further sell approved products to retailers, distributors, and consumers.
For the use of our technologies, our system licensees pay an initial licensing fee as well as royalties, which represent the majority of the revenue recognized from these arrangements. The amount of royalties we collect from a system licensee on a particular product depends on a number of factors including the mix of Dolby technologies used, the nature of the implementations, and the volume of products incorporating our technologies that are shipped by the system licensee.
Integrated Licensing Model.    We also license our technologies to software operating system vendors and ISVs, and to certain other OEMs that act as combined implementation and system licensees. These licensees incorporate our technologies in their software used on PCs, in mobile applications, or in ICs they manufacture and incorporate into their products. As with the two-tier licensing model, the combined implementation and system licensee pays us an initial licensing fee in addition to royalties as determined by the mix of Dolby technologies used, the nature of the implementations, and the volume of products incorporating our technologies that are shipped, and is subject to the same quality control evaluation process.

Patent Licensing Model.    We license our patents directly to manufacturers that use our intellectual property in their products. We also license our patents indirectly through patent pools which are arrangements between multiple patent owners to jointly offer and license pooled patents to licensees. Finally, we generate service fees for managing patent pools on behalf of third party patent owners through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Via Licensing Corporation. The Via Licensing patent pools enable product manufacturers to efficiently and transparently secure

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patent licenses for audio coding, interactive television, digital radio and wireless technologies. Currently, most of our revenues earned from patent licensing relate to the licensing of audio encoding technologies.

Collaboration Arrangements
Dolby Cinema: We partner with cinema exhibitors to create premium large-format cinematic experiences that include a Dolby Vision projection system, a Dolby Atmos audio system, and venue design concepts at new and pre-existing theaters. We receive royalties based on a portion of box-office receipts from the installed theaters.
Dolby Voice: We enter into arrangements with audio and video conferencing providers where, in return for licensing our intellectual property and know-how, we earn revenues based on specified metrics.
Settlements & Back Payments From Licensees.   Licensing revenue recognized in any given quarter may include back payments and/or settlements with licensees. Within the Results of Operations section, settlements and back payments are collectively referred to as "recoveries." Such recoveries have become a recurring element of our business which we cannot predict with certainty.
Products
We design and manufacture audio and imaging products for cinema, television, broadcast, and entertainment industries. Distributed in over 70 countries, these products are used in content creation, distribution, and playback to enhance image and sound quality, and improve transmission and playback. We also market the Dolby Conference Phone which enhances and optimizes the conference call experience when using Dolby Voice.
The following table presents the composition of our products revenue for all periods presented:
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
Market
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Cinema
98%
92%
 
98%
91%
Broadcast & Other
2%
8%
 
2%
9%
Total
100%
100%
 
100%
100%
Services
We offer a broad array of services to support theatrical and television production for cinema exhibition, broadcast, and home entertainment, as well as support and maintenance for products we sell. Our engineers assist in the integration and support of our technologies and products to create and reproduce both audio and imaging content. The specific areas in which their assistance is provided can involve equipment calibration, mixing room alignment, equalization, as well as color and light image calibration. Our engineers also provide equipment training, system and venue design consultation, as well as on-site technical expertise to cinema operators, film festivals, movie premieres, and trade shows throughout the world.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

We are focused on expanding our leadership in audio solutions for entertainment content, and bringing new audio visual experiences to market. Following are highlights of our second quarter of fiscal 2016 as well as future challenges in key areas:
CORE AUDIO LICENSING
Broadcast
Highlights: We continue to focus on growing our presence in emerging markets where both the potential for increasing TV and STB shipments is significant, and the transition to digital broadcast is still underway, particularly in Asia and Africa. Our strategy is to work with country-specific operators and standards bodies to encourage adoption of our technologies.
Challenges: To achieve growth and further adoption in emerging markets where conversion to digital television is still underway, our success will be impacted by a number of factors such as regional fragmentation of operators and regulators, and the pace of decision-making and implementation. Globally, we must continue to adapt to changing technologies and methods of content delivery, and must also continue to develop and encourage adoption of new technologies. Further, in some emerging growth countries such as China, we face significant challenges enforcing our contractual and intellectual property rights. The failure of our licensees to accurately report the shipment of products incorporating our technologies may adversely impact future revenues.
Personal Computers
Highlights: Revenues from the PC market account for approximately 16% of our licensing revenues. Our technologies enhance playback in both Mac and Windows operating systems including, via native support in their respective Safari and Microsoft Edge browsers. Dolby's presence in the browsers enables us to reach more users and provide new types of content, including streaming video entertainment.
Challenges: Demand in this sector has been subject to significant fluctuations. In recent years, unit demand for PCs has been in secular decline along with the PCs with optical disc functionality as consumer choices have shifted including rising demand for consumer electronics.
Consumer Electronics
Highlights: We continue to see opportunities in new and existing use cases such as DMAs as well as in Dolby Atmos-enabled devices for the home. Dolby Atmos is now included in AVRs from numerous leading providers, and approximately 30 Dolby Atmos-enabled speakers from various partnering companies have been announced or released. In addition, the Yamaha Dolby Atmos soundbar is now available for purchase, and three Dolby Atmos soundbars announced at CES in January 2016 from Samsung, Creative Labs and Philips, will likely be available by early fall.
We have worked with major studios to release and distribute movie titles in Dolby Atmos via Blu-ray Disc. In addition, Vudu is currently streaming in Dolby Atmos, and we will continue to work with content developers and distributors to expand entertainment selections using the Dolby Atmos format.
Challenges: We must continue to present compelling reasons for consumers to demand our audio technologies wherever they consume and enjoy premium content. To the extent that OEMs do not incorporate our technologies in current and developing products, our future revenues could be impacted.
Mobile
Highlights: This quarter, Apple released iOS 9.3, which incorporates Dolby Audio for the first time. This, along with our continued efforts to promote the adoption of our technologies across the Android™, Windows and Amazon ecosystems, further extends our audio solutions into key mobile platforms. At Mobile World Congress in February 2016, LG, HTC, BQ and Obi released new devices with Dolby Audio. In addition, Lenovo announced more Dolby Atmos enabled devices. There are now over 20 handsets and tablets that have adopted Dolby Atmos.

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Collectively, these devices deliver enhanced entertainment experiences by accessing content from a multitude of OTT services. Netflix, Apple, Microsoft, and Amazon now enable Dolby Audio experiences across an increasing array of mobile devices.
Challenges: Growth in this market is dependent on several factors, including our success in collaborating with manufacturers of mobile devices to incorporate our technologies, the development of various ecosystems, which includes the availability of content in Dolby formats, and the performance of the mobile device market as a whole. The rate of new product development in this sector continues to be rapid and can result in dramatic swings in consumer trends as well as design changes that may exclude our technologies. To facilitate our growth, we must work closely with our partners to further enhance the content, distribution and playback on all major ecosystems.

NEW GROWTH INITIATIVES
Dolby Voice®
Opportunity: Dolby Voice is an audio conferencing solution that emulates the in-person meeting experience with superior spatial perception, voice clarity, and background noise suppression. Launched in fiscal 2014 in global partnership with BT®, a leading provider of audio and imaging conferencing systems, the BT MeetMe with Dolby Voice service is available via the desktop, on mobile devices, and using the Dolby Conference Phone, which was designed specifically to further enhance and optimize the Dolby Voice experience. In January 2016, we announced that PGi, one of the largest providers of audio conferencing software and services, was added as a partner who will offer Dolby Voice to customers through their communication solutions.
Challenges: Our success in this market will depend on the number of service providers and enterprise customers we are able to attract, and ultimately, the volume of usage and Dolby Conference Phones that we are able to sell.

Dolby Vision™
Opportunity: Dolby Vision is an HDR imaging technology that offers more realistic distinctions in color, brighter highlights, and improved shadow details for cinema and digital TV. This playback technology focuses on the ability of each pixel to contribute to the overall image, and is not dependent on the number of pixels. In the current quarter, LG, began shipping various models of their OLED and Super UHD LED TVs featuring Dolby Vision in several key markets around the world. Vizio significantly expanded their offerings of Dolby Vision TVs such that Dolby Vision is now included in three of Vizio's five television lines at a variety of price points. TCL and Skyworth plan to offer TVs featuring Dolby Vision. We will continue to seek more adoption of Dolby Vision in TVs in the future.
In addition to the progress with TV OEMs, SoC providers MStar, MediaTek, Sigma Designs, Realtek and HiSilicon are in the process of integrating Dolby Vision technology in their chipsets, which is significant as these partners collectively provide these components for a majority of the current TV market. Additionally, Roku has announced that their next 4K UHD Roku TV reference design for their OEM partners will include Dolby Vision.
To support home entertainment, MGM, Universal Pictures, Warner Bros. Home Entertainment Inc. and Sony Pictures have all announced that they will provide content for the home in Dolby Vision. With Vudu already streaming in Dolby Vision, Netflix Inc. began streaming original content in this format to their 81 million global subscribers this quarter, and Amazon has announced their commitment to do the same. To date, there are over 30 Dolby Vision titles.
Challenges: To successfully establish Dolby Vision, we will need to continue to expand the array of consumer devices that incorporate Dolby Vision, expand the pipeline of Dolby Vision entertainment available from content creators, and encourage consumer adoption in the face of competing products and technologies.

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Dolby Cinema™
Opportunity: In fiscal 2015 and in partnership with established movie theater exhibitors, we launched Dolby Cinema, a branded premium cinema that features spectacular imagery using Dolby Vision laser projection, Dolby Atmos object-oriented audio technology, and inspired theater design. This quarter, we announced that the top-grossing movie site in China from 2011 to 2015, Jackie Chan Cinema's Beijing Wukesong, will launch as a Dolby Cinema later this year. Previously announced exhibitors who feature Dolby Cinema include AMC in the U.S., Wanda in China, Cineplexx in Austria, and Vue (previously JT Biscopen) in the Netherlands. So far, these exhibitors combined have committed to over 200 Dolby Cinema screens worldwide, of which just over 20 have been launched to date. Dolby Cinema has also attracted strong support from the creative community as every major studio has released or announced theatrical titles optimized for Dolby Cinema. Since launching in May of 2015, nearly numerous Dolby Vision theatrical titles have been announced or released including recent titles 'Zootopia', 'The Jungle Book', and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice'.
Challenges: Although the premium large format sector of the cinema industry is currently a growing segment, Dolby Cinema is a new offering, and will be in competition with other existing solutions. Our success with this initiative depends in large part on our ability to differentiate our offering, deploy new sites in accordance with plans, provide a compelling experience, and attract and retain a viewing audience.
PRODUCTS
Highlights: In our core cinema markets, we offer servers and audio processors to enable the playback of content in cinemas. Our product revenue base expanded last year with the inclusion of shipments from Doremi, a leading developer and manufacturer of digital cinema servers that we acquired in the first quarter of fiscal 2015. Product sales have also increased due to shipments of Dolby Atmos which continues to enjoy increasing adoption by studios, content creators, post-production facilities and exhibitors. As of the end of our current fiscal quarter, there are over 1,800 Dolby Atmos-enabled screens installed or committed to be installed, and nearly 450 Dolby Atmos theatrical titles announced or released.
Challenges: Demand for our cinema products is dependent upon industry economic cycles along with our ability to develop and introduce new technologies, further our relationships with content creators, and promote new consumer audio and imaging experiences. To the extent that we do not make progress in these areas, and are unsuccessful in resisting pricing pressures and prevailing over competing technologies, our revenues may be adversely affected.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
For a description of the critical accounting policies that affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, refer to Item 7 on Management Discussion and Analysis in our Fiscal 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.


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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
For each line item included on our consolidated statements of operations described and analyzed below, the significant factors identified as the leading drivers contributing to the overall fluctuation are presented in descending order according to the quantitative magnitude of their impact on the overall change (from an absolute value perspective). Note that recovery payments received from licensees either in the form of back payments or settlements are collectively referred to as "recoveries."
Our fiscal quarterly and annual reporting periods generally consist of 13 weeks and 52 weeks, respectively. However, our fiscal year-to-date period ended April 1, 2016 consisted of 27 weeks and our fiscal year ending September 30, 2016 consists of 53 weeks. The occurrence of an additional week during the current fiscal year-to-date period results in proportionately higher operating expenses related to compensation, depreciation and amortization that are not entirely offset by incremental revenues that may have been earned during the additional week.
Revenue and Gross Margin
Licensing
Licensing revenue consists of fees earned from licensing our technologies to customers who incorporate them into their products and services to enable and enhance audio, imaging and voice capabilities. The technologies that we license are either internally developed, acquired, or licensed from third parties. Our cost of licensing consists mainly of amortization of purchased intangible assets and intangible assets acquired in business combinations as well as third party royalty obligations paid to license intellectual property that we then sublicense to our customers.
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
Change
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
Change
Licensing
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
Revenue
$249,336
$243,333
$6,003
2%
 
$460,465
$459,931
$534
—%
Percentage of total revenue
91%
90%
 
 
 
89%
91%
 
 
Cost of licensing
6,698
3,787
2,911
77%
 
13,231
7,268
5,963
82%
Gross margin
242,638
239,546
3,092
1%
 
447,234
452,663
(5,429)
(1)%
Gross margin percentage
97%
98%
 
 
 
97%
98%
 
 


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Quarter-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Factor
Revenue
Gross Margin
Broadcast
á
Increase in recoveries along with higher volumes
â
Increase in cost of licensing primarily due to amortization on newly-acquired intangible assets
CE
â
Lower recoveries and lower units of AVRs, Blu-ray and HTiBs that incorporate our technologies, partially offset by higher units of DMAs and revenue from Via Licensing patent pools
Other
â
Lower recoveries from gaming consoles, partially offset by higher revenues from Automotive and Dolby Cinema
Mobile
â
Decrease primarily due to timing of revenue under contractual arrangements, partially offset by revenue streams from newer licensing activity
PC
á
Higher recoveries, partially offset by declines in PC market volumes

Year-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Factor
Revenue
Gross Margin
Broadcast
á
Increase in recoveries and higher volumes
â
Increase in cost of licensing primarily due to amortization on newly-acquired intangible assets
Mobile
â
Decrease primarily due to timing of revenue under contractual arrangements, partially offset by revenue streams from newer licensing activity
CE
â
Lower recoveries, lower units of DVDs, HTIBs and Blu-ray players that incorporate our technologies, partially offset by higher units of DMAs and revenue from Via Licensing patent pools
PC
â
Lower units largely attributed to declines in PC market volumes, partially offset by higher recoveries
Other
ßà
No significant fluctuations
Products
Products revenue is generated from the sale of audio, imaging and voice products for the cinema, television broadcast, and communications industries. Cost of products consists primarily of the cost of materials related to products sold, labor and manufacturing overhead, and amortization of certain intangible assets. Our cost of products also includes third party royalty obligations paid to license intellectual property that we include in our products.
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
Change
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
Change
Products
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
Revenue
$20,063
$22,985
$(2,922)
(13)%
 
$44,872
$36,248
$8,624
24%
Percentage of total revenue
7%
8%
 
 
 
9%
7%
 
 
Cost of products
13,978
18,237
(4,259)
(23)%
 
33,016
30,821
2,195
7%
Gross margin
6,085
4,748
1,337
28%
 
11,856
5,427
6,429
118%
Gross margin percentage
30%
21%
 
 
 
26%
15%
 
 

Quarter-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Factor
Revenue
Gross Margin
Cinema
â
Lower units and ASPs for both digital cinema video and audio products, partially offset by higher units of 3D glasses and Atmos products
á
Improved results on extended warranty programs combined with lower manufacturing variances, partially offset by a less favorable product mix

Year-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Factor
Revenue
Gross Margin
Cinema
á
Increased warranty revenues, higher volume from 3D, Atmos, and digital cinema audio and video products
á
More favorable product mix and lower charges from excess and obsolete inventory
Services
Services revenue consists of fees for consulting, commissioning and training services in support of film production and television broadcast, as well as software maintenance and support for our products. Cost of services primarily consists of personnel and personnel-related costs for employees performing our professional services, software maintenance and support, the cost of outside consultants, and other direct expenses incurred on behalf of customers.

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Fiscal Quarter Ended
Change
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
Change
Services
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
Revenue
$4,941
$5,632
$(691)
(12)%
 
$9,817
$10,009
$(192)
(2)%
Percentage of total revenue
2%
2%
 
 
 
2%
2%
 
 
Cost of services
3,697
3,125
572
18%
 
7,892
6,470
1,422
22%
Gross margin
1,244
2,507
(1,263)
(50)%
 
1,925
3,539
(1,614)
(46)%
Gross margin percentage
25%
45%
 
 
 
20%
35%
 
 

Quarter-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Factor
Revenue
Gross Margin
Configuration & Post-Production
â
Lower film mastering and other services
â
Lower production service revenue combined with high proportion of fixed costs
Support & Other
ßà
No significant fluctuations
â
Higher labor and maintenance-related costs

Year-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Factor
Revenue
Gross Margin
Configuration & Post-Production
â
Lower film mastering and other services
â
Lower production service revenue combined with high proportion of fixed costs
Support & Other
á
Higher support and maintenance revenue
â
Higher support and maintenance-related costs
Operating Expenses
Research & Development
R&D expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and benefits expenses, stock-based compensation, consulting and contract labor costs, depreciation and amortization, facilities costs, costs for outside materials and services, and information technology expenses.
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
Change
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
Change
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
Research and development
$52,088
$56,601
$(4,513)
(8)%
 
$105,416
$105,195
$221
—%
Percentage of total revenue
19%
21%
 
 
 
20%
21%
 
 

Quarter-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Category
Key Drivers
Product Development
â
Lower prototype costs
Technology & Communications
â
Lower expenses associated with software licensing arrangements
Compensation & Benefits
á
Higher headcount and merit increases across the employee base aimed at existing or new research and development projects
Facilities
á
Higher costs associated with our new worldwide headquarters and additional laboratories

Year-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Category
Key Drivers
Product Development
â
Lower prototype costs
Compensation & Benefits
á
Higher headcount and merit increases across the employee base aimed at existing or new research and development projects
Facilities
á
Higher costs associated with our new worldwide headquarters and additional laboratories
Technology & Communications
â
Lower expenses associated with software licensing arrangements


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Sales & Marketing
S&M expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and benefits expenses, stock-based compensation, marketing and promotional expenses particularly for events such as trade shows and conferences, and for marketing campaigns, travel-related expenses for our sales and marketing personnel, consulting fees, facilities costs, depreciation and amortization, information technology expenses, and legal costs associated with the protection of our intellectual property.
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
Change
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
Change
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
Sales and marketing
$71,815
$65,940
$5,875
9%
 
$146,269
$133,958
$12,311
9%
Percentage of total revenue
26%
24%
 
 
 
28%
26%
 
 

Quarter-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Category
Key Drivers
Compensation & Benefits
á
Higher headcount and merit increases across the existing employee base, partially offset by lower variable compensation costs
Facilities
á
Higher costs associated with our new worldwide headquarters and additional laboratories
Stock-Based Compensation
á
Higher headcount relative to the prior fiscal comparative period

Year-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Category
Key Drivers
Compensation & Benefits
á
Higher headcount and merit increases across the existing employee base, partially offset by lower variable compensation costs
Facilities
á
Higher costs associated with our new worldwide headquarters and additional laboratories
Stock-Based Compensation
á
Higher headcount and an increase in award grants relative to the prior fiscal comparative period
Marketing Programs
á
Higher costs associated with the recent launch of Dolby Cinema and marketing activities supporting other growth initiatives

General & Administrative
G&A expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and benefits expenses, stock-based compensation, depreciation, facilities and information technology costs, as well as professional fees and other costs associated with external consulting and contract labor.
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
Change
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
Change
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
General and administrative
$42,482
$45,653
$(3,171)
(7)%
 
$86,560
$90,369
$(3,809)
(4)%
Percentage of total revenue
15%
17%
 
 
 
17%
18%
 
 


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Quarter-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Category
Key Drivers
Facilities
â
Lower proportionate costs associated with our new worldwide headquarters and additional laboratories
Legal, Professional & Consulting Fees
á
Higher costs associated with other legal activities
Compensation & Benefits
â
Lower variable compensation costs

Year-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Category
Key Drivers
Facilities
â
Lower proportionate costs associated with our new worldwide headquarters and additional laboratories
Legal, Professional & Consulting Fees
â
Higher costs associated with patent filings and other legal activities
Depreciation & Amortization
á
Higher depreciation from assets placed into service

Restructuring
Restructuring charges recorded in our statement of operations represent costs associated with separate individual restructuring plans implemented in various fiscal periods. The extent of our costs arising as a result of these actions, including fluctuations in related balances between fiscal periods, is based on the nature of activities under the various plans.
Restructuring charges recorded in the fiscal quarter and year-to-date period ended April 1, 2016 were incurred in relation to our fiscal 2016 Restructuring Plan implemented during the second quarter of fiscal 2016, and represent costs to reorganize and consolidate certain activities and positions within our global business infrastructure. These charges primarily related to severance and other related benefits provided to employees that were affected as a result of this action.
Note that our statement of operations for the fiscal year-to-date period ended March 27, 2015 reflects a credit coinciding with the completion of activity under our fiscal 2014 restructuring plan. For additional information on this restructuring plan, refer to Note 11 “Restructuring” to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
Other Income/Expense
Other income/(expense) primarily consists of interest income earned on cash and investments and the net gains/(losses) from foreign currency transactions, derivative instruments, and sales of marketable securities from our investment portfolio.
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
Change
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
Change
Other Income/Expense
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
$
%
Interest income
$1,250
$1,091
$159
15%
 
$2,547
$1,991
$556
28%
Interest expense
(33)
(31)
(2)
6%
 
(62)
(46)
(16)
35%
Other income/(expense), net
279
218
61
28%
 
(693)
110
(803)
(730)%
Total
$1,496
$1,278
$218
17%
 
$1,792
$2,055
$(263)
(13)%

Quarter-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Category
Key Drivers
Interest Income
á
Increase due to higher yields on our investment balances relative to the prior fiscal comparative period

Year-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Category
Key Drivers
Other Income/(Expense)
â
Increase in other expense primarily from higher currency translation losses caused by unfavorable fluctuations in foreign exchange rates
Interest Income
á
Increase due to higher yields on our investment balances relative to the prior fiscal comparative period

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Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate is based on a projection of our annual fiscal year results, and is affected each quarter-end by several factors. These include changes in our projected fiscal year results, recurring items such as tax rates and relative income earned in foreign jurisdictions, as well as discrete items such as changes to our uncertain tax positions that may occur in, but are not necessarily consistent between periods. For additional information related to effective tax rates, see Note 10 “Income Taxes” to our consolidated financial statements.
 
Fiscal Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Provision for income taxes
$(16,278)
$(21,353)
 
$(24,751)
$(33,732)
Effective tax rate
19%
27%
 
20%
25%

Quarter-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Factor
Impact On Effective Tax Rate
Tax Contingencies
â
Increased benefit from the settlement of a California state audit for the tax years 2005 to 2007
Federal R&D Credits
â
Increased benefit from federal R&D credits

Year-To-Date: Q2'16 vs. Q2'15
Factor
Impact On Effective Tax Rate
Tax Contingencies
â
Increased benefit due to the impact of the settlement of the California audit for the tax years 2005 to 2007
Federal R&D Credits
â
Increased benefit from federal R&D credits

LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES, AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash, cash equivalents, and investments, as well as cash flows from operations. We believe that these sources will be sufficient to satisfy our currently anticipated cash requirements through at least the next twelve months. As of April 1, 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents of $521.2 million, which consisted of cash and highly-liquid money market funds. In addition, we had short and long-term investments of $372.4 million, which consisted primarily of municipal debt securities, commercial paper, corporate bonds, and U.S. agency securities.
Our policy is to indefinitely reinvest a portion of our undistributed earnings in certain foreign subsidiaries to support the operations and growth of these subsidiaries. Of our total cash, cash equivalents, and investments held as of April 1, 2016, approximately $572 million, or 64%, was held by our foreign subsidiaries. This represented a $26 million increase from the $546 million that was held by our foreign subsidiaries as of September 25, 2015. If these undistributed earnings held by foreign subsidiaries are repatriated to the U.S., they may be subject to U.S. federal income taxes and foreign withholding taxes, less the applicable foreign tax credits.
 
April 1,
2016
September 25,
2015
 
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
521,202

$
531,926

Short-term investments
104,267

138,901

Long-term investments
268,091

321,015

Accounts receivable, net
102,083

101,563

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
176,166

190,017

Working capital (1)
587,800

611,548

(1)
Working capital consists of total current assets less total current liabilities.
Capital Expenditures and Uses of Capital
Our capital expenditures consist of purchases of land, building, building fixtures, laboratory equipment, office equipment, computer hardware and software, leasehold improvements, and production and test equipment. We continue to invest in sales and marketing, and R&D that contribute to the overall growth of our business and technological innovation.

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Business Combinations. During fiscal 2015, we completed the business combination of Doremi and the Doremi-related assets for total purchase consideration of $98.4 million, net of cash acquired. For additional details, see Note 13 “Business Combinations” to our interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
Asset Acquisition. During the first quarter of fiscal 2016, we completed an asset purchase of a patent portfolio that fits within our existing patent licensing programs for total consideration of $105.0 million.
We retain sufficient cash holdings to support our operations and we also purchase investment grade securities diversified among security types, industries, and issuers. We have used cash generated from our operations to fund a variety of activities related to our business in addition to our ongoing operations, including business expansion and growth, acquisitions, and repurchases of our common stock. We have historically generated significant cash from operations, however these cash flows and the value of our investment portfolio could be affected by various risks and uncertainties, as described in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors.”
Shareholder Return
Since fiscal 2010, we have returned significant cash to stockholders through repurchases of common stock under our repurchase program, a special one-time dividend, and our quarterly dividend program initiated in fiscal 2015. Refer to Note 7 "Stockholders' Equity & Stock-Based Compensation" of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements for a summary of dividend payments made under the program to date and additional information regarding our stock repurchase program.
Stock Repurchase Program. Our stock repurchase program was initiated in fiscal 2009, and in October 2014, we announced that our Board of Directors approved an increase to the size of our stock repurchase program by an additional $200.0 million.
Quarterly Dividend Program. During the first quarter of fiscal 2015, we initiated a recurring quarterly cash dividend program for our stockholders. Under the program, current quarterly dividends of $0.12 per share are paid on our Class A and Class B common stock to eligible stockholders of record for each respective dividend record date.
Cash Flows Analysis
For the following comparative analysis performed for each of the sections of the statement of cash flows, the significant factors identified as the leading drivers contributing to the fluctuation are presented in descending order according to the magnitude of their impact relative to the overall change (amounts displayed in thousands, except as otherwise noted).
Operating Activities
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
156,866

$
177,940

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $21.1 million in the fiscal year-to-date period ended April 1, 2016 as compared to the fiscal year-to-date period ended March 27, 2015, primarily due to the following:
Factor
Impact On Cash Flows
Working Capital
â
Net overall decrease attributed to high fluctuations in income tax liabilities
Investing Activities
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Net cash used in investing activities
$
(71,393
)
$
(173,088
)
Capital expenditures
(48,984
)
(78,488
)

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Net cash used in investing activities was $101.7 million lower in the fiscal year-to-date period ended April 1, 2016 as compared to the fiscal year-to-date period ended March 27, 2015, primarily due to the following:
Factor
Impact On Cash Flows
Acquisition Of Intangible Assets
â
Significant outflows in fiscal 2016 for the purchase of a patent portfolio (refer to Note 6 for additional information)
Business Combinations
á
Lower outflows as the prior comparable period included our acquisition of Doremi in fiscal 2015
Proceeds From Investments
á
Higher inflows from the sale & maturity of marketable investment securities during the current fiscal period
Capital Expenditures
á
Lower expenditures for PP&E
Financing Activities
 
Fiscal Year-To-Date Ended
 
April 1,
2016
March 27,
2015
Net cash used in financing activities
$
(97,099
)
$
(55,538
)
Repurchase of common stock
(76,856
)
(32,364
)
Net cash used in financing activities was $41.6 million higher in the fiscal year-to-date period ended April 1, 2016 as compared to the fiscal year-to-date period ended March 27, 2015, primarily due to the following:
Factor
Impact On Cash Flows
Share Repurchases
â
Increased outflows resulting from a higher volume of common stock repurchases
Partnership Distribution
á
Lower distributions to our controlling interest for accumulated commercial property leasing fees in the current fiscal year-to-date period
Dividend Payments
â
Higher outflows for the payment of our quarterly cash dividend to common stockholders primarily as a result of a $0.02 per share increase compared to the prior fiscal year
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
Our liquidity is not dependent upon the use of off-balance sheet financing arrangements, and we have not entered into any arrangements that are expected to have a material effect on liquidity or the availability of capital resources. Since the end of our most recent fiscal year ended September 25, 2015, there have been no material changes in either our off-balance sheet financing arrangements or contractual obligations outside the ordinary course of business. For additional details regarding our contractual obligations, see Note 12 “Commitments & Contingencies” to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
Indemnification Clauses
We are party to certain contractual agreements under which we have agreed to provide indemnifications of varying scope and duration to the other party relating to our licensed intellectual property. Historically, we have not made any payments for these indemnification obligations and no amounts have been accrued in our consolidated financial statements with respect to these obligations. Since the terms and conditions of the indemnification clauses do not explicitly specify our obligations, we are unable to reasonably estimate the maximum potential exposure for which we could be liable. For additional details regarding indemnification clauses within our contractual agreements, see Note 12 “Commitments & Contingencies” to our consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Sensitivity
As of April 1, 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents of $521.2 million, which consisted of cash and highly liquid money market funds. In addition, we had both short and long-term investments of $372.4 million, which consisted primarily of municipal debt securities, corporate bonds, commercial paper and U.S. agency securities. Our investment policy is focused on the preservation of capital and support for our liquidity requirements. Under the policy, we invest in highly rated securities with a minimum credit rating of A- while limiting the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer other than the U.S. government. At April 1, 2016, the weighted-average credit quality of our investment portfolio was AA-, with a weighted-average maturity of approximately sixteen months. We do not invest in financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes, nor do we use leveraged financial instruments. We utilize external investment managers who adhere to the guidelines of our investment policy.
The investments within our fixed-income portfolio are subject to fluctuations in interest rates, which could affect our financial position, and to a lesser extent, results of operations. Based on our investment portfolio balance as of April 1, 2016, hypothetical changes in interest rates of 1% and 0.5% would have an impact on the carrying value of our portfolio of approximately $4.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We maintain business operations in foreign countries, most significantly in the United Kingdom, Australia, China, Germany, Poland and the Netherlands. Additionally, a growing portion of our business is conducted outside of the U.S. through subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar, most notably:
•
Australian Dollar
•
British Pound
•
Chinese Yuan
•
Euro
•
Indian Rupee
•
Japanese Yen
•
Korean Won
•
Polish Zloty
•
Russian Ruble
•
Swedish Krona
As a result, we face exposure to adverse movements in currency exchange rates as the financial results of our international operations are translated from local currency into U.S. dollars upon consolidation. The majority of our revenue generated from international markets is denominated in U.S. dollars, while the operating expenses of our foreign subsidiaries are predominantly denominated in local currencies. Therefore, our operating expenses will increase when the U.S. dollar weakens against the local currency and decrease when the U.S. dollar strengthens against the local currency. Additionally, foreign exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency result in gains or losses that are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations. Our foreign operations are subject to the same risks present when conducting business internationally, including, but not limited to, differing economic conditions, changes in political climate, differing tax structures, foreign exchange rate volatility and other regulations and restrictions.
In an effort to reduce the risk that our earnings will be adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge against assets and liabilities for which we have foreign currency exchange rate exposure. These derivative instruments are carried at fair value with changes in the fair value recorded to other income, net, in our consolidated statements of operations. While not designated as hedging instruments, these foreign currency forward contracts are used to reduce the exchange rate risk associated primarily with intercompany receivables and payables. These contracts do not subject us to material balance sheet risk due to exchange rate movements as gains and losses on these derivatives are intended to offset gains and losses on the related receivables and payables for which we have foreign currency exchange rate exposure. As of April 1, 2016 and September 25, 2015, the outstanding derivative instruments had maturities of 33 days or less and the total notional amounts of outstanding contracts were $14.4 million and $22.3 million, respectively. The fair values of these contracts were nominal as of April 1, 2016 and September 25, 2015, and were included within prepaid expenses and other current assets and within accrued liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. For additional

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information related to our foreign currency forward contracts, see Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to our consolidated financial statements.
A sensitivity analysis was performed on all of our foreign currency forward contracts as of April 1, 2016. This sensitivity analysis was based on a modeling technique that measures the hypothetical market value resulting from a 10% shift in the value of exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. For these forward contracts, duration modeling was used where hypothetical changes are made to the spot rates of the currency. A 10% increase in the value of the U.S. dollar would lead to an increase in the fair value of our financial instruments by $0.3 million. Conversely, a 10% decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar would result in a decrease in the fair value of these financial instruments by $0.3 million.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Subject to the limitations noted above, our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the fiscal period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to meet the objective for which they were designed and operate at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in various legal proceedings from time to time arising from the normal course of business activities, including claims of alleged infringement of intellectual property rights, commercial, employment, and other matters. In our opinion, resolution of these pending matters is not expected to have a material adverse impact on our operating results or financial condition. Given the unpredictable nature of legal proceedings, it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more such proceedings could materially affect our future operating results or financial condition in a particular period; however, based on the information known by us as of the date of this filing and the rules and regulations applicable to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, any such amount is either immaterial or it is not possible to provide an estimated amount of any such potential loss.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors and other information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem less significant may also affect our business operations or financial results. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

REVENUE GENERATION
    
Markets We Target
Dependence on Sales by Licensees. We depend on OEMs and other licensees to incorporate our technologies into their products. Our license agreements generally do not have minimum purchase commitments, are typically non-exclusive, and frequently do not require incorporation or use of our technologies. Our revenue will decline if our licensees choose not to incorporate our technologies in their products or they sell fewer products incorporating our technologies.
Impact of PC Sales. Revenue from our PC market depends on several factors, including underlying PC unit shipment growth, the extent to which our technologies are included on computers, through operating systems or otherwise, and the terms of any royalties or other payments we receive. We face challenges in the PC market, including:
•
Purchasing trends away from traditional PCs and toward computing devices without optical disc drives, such as ultrabooks and tablets;
•
Because PC OEMs are required to pay us a higher per-unit royalty for Windows 8 and Windows 10 PCs that include optical disc playback functionality than Windows 8 or Windows 10 PCs that do not include such functionality, the continued decreasing inclusion of optical disc drives in Windows 8 or Windows 10 PCs will result in lower per-unit royalties;
•
PC software that includes our technologies on an unauthorized and infringing basis, for which we receive no royalty payments; and
•
Continued decreasing inclusion of independent software vendor media applications by PC OEMs.
Declines in Optical Disc Media. For many years, movies have been distributed, purchased, and consumed through optical disc media, such as DVD and more recently, Blu-ray Disc. However, the rapid advancement of online and mobile content delivery has resulted in a trend toward movie downloading and streaming services. We expect the shift away from optical disc media to online and mobile media content consumption to continue, resulting in decreased revenue from DVD and Blu-ray Disc players.
Mobile Industry Risks. Successful penetration of the mobile device market is important to our future growth. The mobile device market, particularly smartphones and tablets, is characterized by rapidly changing market conditions, frequent product introductions and intense competition based on features and price. Our Dolby Digital and DD+ technologies are not mandated as an industry standard for mobile devices. We must continually convince mobile device OEMs and end users of mobile devices of the value of our technologies. With shorter product lifecycles, it is easier for mobile device OEMs to add or remove our technologies from mobile devices than it was for PC OEMs.
In order to increase the value of our technologies in the mobile market, we have worked with online and mobile media content service providers to encode their content with our technologies, which could affect OEM and software

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vendor demand for our decoding technologies. However, the online and mobile media content services markets are also characterized by intense competition, evolving industry standards and business and distribution models, disruptive software and hardware technology developments, frequent product and service introductions and short life cycles, and price sensitivity on the part of consumers, all of which may result in downward pressure on pricing or the removal of our technologies by these providers.
Cinema Industry Risks. Our cinema product sales are subject to fluctuations based on events and conditions in the cinema industry, such as the construction of new screens or upgrade of existing screens. In addition, in the first quarter of fiscal 2015, we launched Dolby Cinema, a branded premium cinema offering for exhibitors and movie audiences that combines Dolby Vision laser projection and Dolby Atmos sound. Recently, we announced a collaboration with Wanda Cinema Line to open 100 Dolby Cinema locations in China over the next five years. More recently, we announced the arrival of Dolby Cinema to Jackie Chan Cinema's Beijing Wukesong, the top-grossing movie site in China from 2011 to 2015. Although we have invested, and expect to continue to invest, a substantial amount of time and resources developing Dolby Cinema and building our partnerships in connection with the launch of Dolby Cinema locations, this is a new market for us and we may not recognize a meaningful amount of revenue from these efforts in the near future, or at all, if Dolby Cinema is not ultimately successful. The royalties we receive from Dolby Cinema exhibitors are based on a portion of box-office receipts from the installed theaters, and the timing of such theater installations is dependent upon a number of factors beyond our control. In addition, the success of our Dolby Cinema offering will be tied to the pipeline and success of motion pictures available at Dolby Cinema locations generally. The success of Dolby Cinema depends in large part on our ability to differentiate our offering, deploy new sites in accordance with plans, provide a compelling experience, and attract and retain a viewing audience.
In addition, a decrease in our ability to develop and introduce new cinema products and services successfully could affect licensing of our consumer technologies, because the strength of our brand and our ability to use professional product developments to introduce new consumer technologies would be impaired. A number of factors can affect the number of movies that are produced, including strikes and work stoppages within the cinema industry and budgetary constraints and changes in cinema industry business models.
Maturity of Digital Cinema Market. The industry transition to digital cinema is essentially complete, and the demand for new digital cinema screens has dropped significantly, leading to lower sales volumes of our cinema products. Future cinema product growth depends on a number of factors, including new theater construction, the introduction of new technologies, such as Dolby Atmos and Dolby Vision, our successful integration of Doremi, and entering into a replacement cycle where previously purchased cinema products are upgraded or replaced. We face a number of challenges relating to the maturity of the digital cinema market, including: 
•
Exhibitors may choose competing products with different features or lower prices; and
•
Pricing and other competitive pressures have caused us to implement pricing strategies which have adversely affected gross margins of our cinema products.

Customers and Distributors
Loss of Key Licensee or Customer. A small number of our licensees or customers may represent a significant percentage of our licensing, products, or services revenue. Although we generally have agreements with these licensees or customers, these agreements typically do not require any minimum purchases or minimum royalty fees and do not prohibit licensees from using competing technologies or customers from purchasing products and services from competitors. Because many of our markets are rapidly evolving, customer demand for our technologies and products can shift quickly. Because of our increased presence in the mobile market where our Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus technologies are not mandated as industry standards, the risk that a large licensee may reduce or eliminate its use of our technologies has increased.
Reliance on Semiconductor Manufacturers. Our licensing revenue from system licensees depends in large part upon the availability of ICs that implement our technologies. IC manufacturers incorporate our technologies into these ICs, which are then incorporated in consumer entertainment products. We do not manufacture these ICs, but rather depend on IC manufacturers to develop, produce, and then sell them to system licensees in accordance with their agreements. We do not control the IC manufacturers’ decisions whether or not to incorporate our technologies into their ICs, and we do not control their product development or commercialization efforts.

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Consumer Spending Weakness. Weakness in general economic conditions may suppress consumer demand in our markets. Many of the products in which our technologies are incorporated are discretionary goods, such as PCs, televisions, STBs, Blu-ray Disc players, video game consoles, AVRs, mobile devices, in-car entertainment systems, and home-theater systems. Weakness in general economic conditions may also lead to licensees and customers becoming delinquent on their obligations to us or being unable to pay, resulting in a higher level of write-offs. Economic conditions may increase underreporting and non-reporting of royalty-bearing revenue by our licensees as well as increase the unauthorized use of our technologies.
Reliance on Distributors. We rely significantly on a global network of independent, regional distributors to market and distribute our cinema and broadcast products. Our distributor arrangements are non-exclusive and our distributors are not obligated to buy our products and can represent competing products, and they may be unwilling or unable to dedicate the resources necessary to promote our portfolio of products. Our distributors could retain product channel inventory levels that exceed future anticipated sales, which could affect future sales to those distributors. In addition, failure of our distributors to adhere to our policies designed to promote compliance with global anticorruption laws, export controls, and local laws, could subject us to criminal or civil penalties and stockholder litigation.
Marketing and Branding
Importance of Brand Strength. Maintaining and strengthening the Dolby brand is critical to maintaining and expanding our licensing, products, and services business, as well as our ability to offer technologies for new markets, including Dolby Voice for the communications market, Dolby Cinema, Dolby Vision and other imaging offerings for the consumer market, and others. Our continued success depends on our reputation for providing high quality technologies, products, and services across a wide range of entertainment markets, including the consumer entertainment, PC, broadcast, and gaming markets. If we fail to promote and maintain the Dolby brand successfully in licensing, products or services, our business will suffer. Furthermore, we believe that the strength of our brand may affect the likelihood that our technologies are adopted as industry standards in various markets and for various applications. Our ability to maintain and strengthen our brand will depend heavily on our ability to develop innovative technologies for the entertainment industry, to enter into new markets successfully, and to provide high quality products and services in these new markets.

Industry Standards
The entertainment industry depends upon industry standards to ensure compatibility across delivery platforms and a wide variety of consumer entertainment products. We make significant efforts to design our products and technologies to address capability, quality, and cost considerations so that they either meet, or more importantly, are adopted as industry standards across the broad range of entertainment industry markets in which we participate, as well as the markets in which we hope to compete in the future. To have our products and technologies adopted as industry standards, we must convince a broad spectrum of standards-setting organizations throughout the world, as well as our major customers and licensees who are members of such organizations, to adopt them as such. The market for broadcast technologies has traditionally been heavily based on industry standards, often mandated by governments choosing from among alternative standards, and we expect this to be the case in the future.
Difficulty Becoming Incorporated in an Industry Standard. Standards-setting organizations establish technology standards for use in a wide range of consumer entertainment products. It can be difficult for companies to have their technologies adopted as an industry standard, as multiple companies, including ones that typically compete against one another, are involved in the development of new technology standards for use in entertainment-oriented products.
Participants May Choose Among Alternative Technologies within Standards. Even when a standards-setting organization incorporates our technologies in an industry standard for a particular market, our technologies may not be the sole technologies adopted for that market. Our operating results depend upon participants in that market choosing to adopt our technologies instead of competitive technologies that also may be acceptable under such standard. For example, the continued growth of our revenue from the broadcast market will depend upon both the continued global adoption of digital television generally and the choice to use our technologies where it is one of several accepted industry standards.

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Being Part of a Standard May Limit Our Licensing Practices. When a standards-setting organization mandates our technologies, we generally must agree to license such technologies on a fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory basis, which could limit our control over the use of these technologies. In these situations, we must often limit the royalty rates we charge for these technologies and we may be unable to limit to whom we license such technologies or to restrict many terms of the license. We have in the past, and may in the future, be subject to claims that our licensing of industry standard technologies may not conform to the requirements of the standards-setting organization. Allegations such as these could be asserted in private actions seeking monetary damages and injunctive relief, or in regulatory actions. Claimants in such cases could seek to restrict or change our licensing practices or our ability to license our technologies.

Royalty Reporting
Our operating results fluctuate based on the risks set forth in this section, as well as on:
•
Timing of royalty reports from our licensees and meeting revenue recognition criteria;
•
Royalty reports including positive or negative corrective adjustments;
•
Retroactive royalties that cover extended periods of time; and
•
Timing of revenue recognition under licensing agreements and other contractual arrangements, including recognition of unusually large amounts of revenue in any given quarter because not all of our revenue recognition criteria were met in prior periods.
Inaccurate Licensee Royalty Reporting. We generate licensing revenue primarily from OEMs who license our technologies and incorporate those technologies in their products. Our license agreements generally obligate our licensees to pay us a specified royalty for every product they ship that incorporates our technologies, and we rely on our licensees to report their shipments accurately. However, we have difficulty independently determining whether our licensees are reporting shipments accurately, particularly with respect to software incorporating our technologies because unauthorized copies of such software can be made relatively easily. A third party may disagree with our interpretation of the terms of a license agreement or, as a result of an audit, a third party could challenge the accuracy of our calculation. We are regularly involved in discussions with third party technology licensees regarding license terms. Most of our license agreements permit us to audit our licensees’ records and we routinely exercise these rights, but audits are generally expensive, time-consuming, and potentially detrimental to our ongoing business relationships with our licensees. In the past, licensees have understated or failed to report the number of products incorporating our technologies that they shipped, and we have not been able to collect and recognize revenue to which we were entitled. We expect that we will continue to experience understatement and non-reporting of royalties by our licensees.
Royalties We Owe Others. In some cases, the products we sell and the technologies we license to our customers include intellectual property that we have licensed from third parties. Our agreements with these third parties generally require us to pay them royalties for that use, and give the third parties the right to audit our calculation of those royalties. A third party may disagree with our interpretation of the terms of a license agreement or, as a result of an audit, a third party could challenge the accuracy of our calculation. We are regularly involved in discussions with third party technology licensors regarding license terms. A successful challenge by a third party could result in the termination of a license agreement or an increase in the amount of royalties we have to pay to the third party.

TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Technology Innovation. Our revenue growth will depend upon our success in new and existing markets for our technologies, such as digital broadcast, mobile devices, online and mobile media distribution, consumer imaging and communications. The markets for our technologies and products are defined by: 
•
Rapid technological change;
•
New and improved technology and frequent product introductions;
•
Changing consumer and licensee demands;
•
Evolving industry standards; and
•
Technology and product obsolescence.
Our future success depends on our ability to enhance our technologies and products and to develop new technologies and products that address the market needs in a timely manner. Technology development is a complex, uncertain process requiring high levels of innovation, highly-skilled engineering and development personnel, and the accurate anticipation of technological and market trends. We may not be able to identify, develop, acquire, market, or

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support new or enhanced technologies or products on a timely basis, if at all.
Experience with New Markets and Business Models. Our future growth will depend, in part, upon our expansion into areas beyond our core audio licensing business. Over the past few years, we have introduced Dolby Voice technology for the communications market, Dolby Vision for the home and cinema markets, and our branded-theater experience, Dolby Cinema. As we enter into these new markets, we will face new sources of competition, new business models, and new customer relationships. In order to be successful in these markets, we will need to cultivate new industry relationships to bring our products, services, and technologies to market. Our inexperience in one or more of these markets could limit our ability to successfully execute on our growth strategy.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Our business is dependent upon protecting our patents, trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights, and other intellectual property rights. Effective intellectual property rights protection, however, may not be available under the laws of every country in which our products and services and those of our licensees are distributed. The efforts we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient or effective. We also seek to maintain select intellectual property as trade secrets, and third parties or our employees could intentionally or accidentally compromise the intellectual property that we maintain as trade secrets. In addition, protecting our intellectual property rights is costly and time consuming. We have taken steps in the past to enforce our intellectual property rights and expect to do so in the future. However, it may not be practicable or cost effective for us to enforce our intellectual property rights fully, particularly in some countries or where the initiation of a claim might harm our business relationships.
We generally seek patent protection for our innovations. However, our patent program faces a number of challenges, including:
•
Possibility that innovations may not be protectable;
•
Failure to protect innovations that later turn out to be important;
•
Insufficient patent protection to prevent third parties from designing around our patent claims;
•
Our pending patent applications may not be approved; and
•
Possibility that an issued patent may later be found to be invalid or unenforceable.

Patent Royalties and Expiration. Many of the technologies that we license to our system licensees are covered by patents, and the licensing revenue that we receive from those licenses depends in large part upon the life of such patents. In general, our agreements with our licensees require them to pay us a full royalty with respect to a particular technology only until the last patent covering that technology expires in a particular country. As of April 1, 2016, we had approximately 5,900 issued patents in addition to approximately 3,700 pending patent applications in more than 80 jurisdictions throughout the world. Our currently issued patents expire at various times through September 2040.
We seek to mitigate this risk in a variety of ways. We regularly look for opportunities to expand our patent portfolio through organic development and acquisitions. We develop proprietary technologies to replace licensing revenue from technologies covered by expiring patents with licensing revenue supported by patents with a longer remaining life. And we develop and license our technologies in a manner designed to minimize the chance that a system licensee would develop competing technologies that do not include any Dolby intellectual property.
In particular, some of our patents relating to Dolby Digital technologies, from which we derive a significant, but declining portion of our licensing revenue, have expired and others will expire over the next several years. The primary products where Dolby Digital is widely used include DVD players (but not Blu-ray players), TVs and STBs. We have transitioned a number of our Dolby Digital licensees, and continue to make progress in transitioning other Dolby Digital licensees, to Dolby Digital Plus technologies, an extension of our Dolby Digital technologies, whose patents generally expire later than the Dolby Digital patents. To be successful, we must continue to transition licensees to Dolby Digital Plus, and discourage licensees of Dolby Digital Plus to transition back to Dolby Digital as our original patents covering this technology expire.
Unauthorized Use of Our Intellectual Property. We have often experienced, and expect to continue to experience, problems with non-licensee OEMs and software vendors, particularly in China and other emerging economies, incorporating our technologies and trademarks into their products without our authorization and without paying us any licensing fees. Manufacturers of integrated circuits, or ICs, containing our technologies occasionally sell these ICs to third parties who are not our system licensees. These sales, and the failure of such manufacturers to report the sales, facilitate the unauthorized use of our intellectual property. As emerging economies transition from

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analog to digital content, such as the transition from analog to digital broadcast, we expect to experience increased problems with this form of piracy.
Intellectual Property Litigation. Companies in the technology and entertainment industries frequently engage in litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. We have faced such claims in the past and we expect to face similar claims in the future. Any intellectual property claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, expensive to litigate or settle, and could divert management resources and attention. In the past, we have settled claims relating to infringement allegations and agreed to make payments in connection with such settlements. An adverse determination in any intellectual property claim could require that we pay damages or stop using technologies found to be in violation of a third party’s rights and could prevent us from offering our products and services to others. In order to avoid these restrictions, we may have to seek a license for the technology, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all. Licensors could also require us to pay significant royalties. As a result, we may be required to develop alternative non-infringing technologies, which could require significant effort and expense. If we cannot license or develop technologies for any aspects of our business found to be infringing, we may be forced to limit our product and service offerings and may be unable to compete effectively.
In some instances, we have contractually agreed to provide indemnifications to licensees relating to our intellectual property. Additionally, at times we have chosen to defend our licensees from third party intellectual property infringement claims even where such defense was not contractually required, and we may choose to take on such defense in the future.
Licensee Disputes. At times, we are engaged in disputes regarding the licensing of our intellectual property rights, including matters related to our royalty rates and other terms of our licensing arrangements. These types of disputes can be asserted by our customers or prospective customers or by other third parties as part of negotiations with us or in private actions seeking monetary damages or injunctive relief, or in regulatory actions. In the past, licensees have threatened to initiate litigation against us based on potential antitrust claims or regarding our licensing royalty rate practices. Damages and requests for injunctive relief asserted in claims like these could be significant, and could be disruptive to our business.
U.S. and Foreign Patent Rights. Our licensing business depends in part on the uniform and consistent treatment of patent rights in the U.S. and abroad. Changes to the patent laws and regulations in the U.S. and abroad may limit our ability to obtain, license, and enforce our rights. Additionally, court and administrative rulings may interpret existing patent laws and regulations in ways that hurt our ability to obtain, license, and enforce our patents. We face challenges protecting our intellectual property in foreign jurisdictions, including:
•
Our ability to enforce our contractual and intellectual property rights, especially in countries that do not recognize and enforce intellectual property rights to the same extent as the U.S., Japan, Korea, and European countries do, which increases the risk of unauthorized use of our technologies;
•
Limited or no patent protection for our Dolby Digital technologies in countries such as China, Taiwan, and India, which may require us to obtain patent rights for new and existing technologies in order to grow or maintain our revenue; and
•
Because of limitations in the legal systems in many countries, our ability to obtain and enforce patents in many countries is uncertain, and we must strengthen and develop relationships with entertainment industry participants worldwide to increase our ability to enforce our intellectual property and contractual rights without relying solely on the legal systems in the countries in which we operate.

OPERATIONS
Reliance on Key Suppliers. Our reliance on suppliers for some of the key materials and components we use in manufacturing our products involves risks, including limited control over the price, timely delivery, and quality of such components. We generally have no formal agreements in place with our suppliers for the continued supply of materials and components. Although we have identified alternate suppliers for most of our key materials and components, any required changes in our suppliers could cause delays in our operations and increase our production costs. In addition, our suppliers may not be able to meet our production demands as to volume, quality, or timeliness.
Moreover, we rely on sole source suppliers for some of the components that we use to manufacture our products, including specific charged coupled devices, light emitting diodes, and digital signal processors. These sole source suppliers may become unable or unwilling to deliver these components to us at an acceptable cost or at all, which could force us to redesign those specific products. Our inability to obtain timely delivery of key components of acceptable quality, any significant increases in the prices of components, or the redesign of our products could result

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in production delays, increased costs, and reductions in shipments of our products.
Product Quality. Our products, and products that incorporate our technologies, are complex and sometimes contain undetected software or hardware errors, particularly when first introduced or when new versions are released. In addition, we have limited control over manufacturing performed by contract manufacturers, which could result in quality problems. Furthermore, our products and technologies are sometimes combined with or incorporated into products from other vendors, sometimes making it difficult to identify the source of a problem. Any negative publicity or impact relating to these product problems could affect the perception of our brand and market acceptance of our products or technologies. These errors could result in a loss of or delay in market acceptance of our products or cause delays in delivering them and meeting customer demands, any of which could reduce our revenue and raise significant customer relations issues. In addition, if our products or technologies contain errors we could be required to replace or reengineer them, which would increase our costs. Moreover, if any such errors cause unintended consequences, we could incur substantial costs in defending and settling product liability claims. Although we generally attempt to contractually limit our liability, if these contract provisions are not enforced, or are unenforceable for any reason, or if liabilities arise that are not effectively limited, we could incur substantial costs in defending and settling product liability claims.
Production Processes and Production. Production difficulties or inefficiencies can interrupt production, resulting in our inability to deliver products on time in a cost effective manner, which could harm our competitive position. We have a single production facility and increasingly use contract manufacturers for a significant portion of our production capacity. Our reliance on contract manufacturers for the manufacture of our products involves risks, including limited control over timely delivery and quality of such products. If production of our products is interrupted, we may not be able to manufacture products on a timely basis. A shortage of manufacturing capacity for our products could reduce our operating results and damage our customer relationships. We may be unable to quickly adapt our manufacturing capacity to rapidly changing market conditions and a contract manufacturer may encounter similar difficulties. Likewise, we may be unable to quickly respond to fluctuations in customer demand or contract manufacturer interruptions. At times we underutilize our manufacturing facilities as a result of reduced demand for some of our products.
Data Security. We rely on information technology systems in the conduct of our business, including systems designed and managed by third parties. Many of these systems contain sensitive and confidential information, including our trade secrets and proprietary business information, personal data, and information of or pertaining to our customers, suppliers and business partners. The secure maintenance of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Increasingly, companies are subject to a wide variety of attacks on their networks and systems on an ongoing basis. Our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to penetration or attacks by computer programmers and hackers, software bugs or other technical malfunctions, or other disruptions.
While we have taken a number of steps to protect our information technology systems, the number and sophistication of malicious attacks that companies have experienced from third parties has increased over the past few years. In addition, because techniques used by computer programmers and hackers (many of whom are highly sophisticated and well-funded) to access or sabotage networks and computer systems change frequently and often are not recognized until after they are used, we may be unable to anticipate or immediately detect these techniques. This could delay our response or the effectiveness of our response and impede our operations and ability to limit our exposure to third-party claims and potential liability. Attacks on our systems are sometimes successful, and, in some instances, we might be unaware of an incident or its magnitude and effects. We also may suffer data security breaches and the unauthorized access to, misuse or acquisition of, personal data or other sensitive and confidential information as the result of intentional or inadvertent breaches by our employees or service providers. Any data security breach, whether external or internal in origin, could compromise our networks and systems, creating system disruptions or slowdowns and exploiting security vulnerabilities of our products. Any such breach can result in the information stored on our networks and systems being improperly accessed, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen, which could subject us to liability to our customers, suppliers, business partners and others. We seek to detect and investigate such attempts and incidents and to prevent their recurrence where practicable through changes to our internal processes and tools, but in some cases preventive and remedial action might not be successful. In addition, despite the implementation of network security measures, our networks also may be vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins, denial of service attacks, and similar other disruptions.
Disruptions to our information technology systems, due to outages, security breaches or other causes, can have severe consequences to our business, including financial loss and reputational damage.


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COMPETITION
The markets for our technologies are highly competitive, and we face competitive threats and pricing pressure in our markets. Consumers may perceive the quality of the visual and audio experiences produced by some of our competitors’ technologies to be equivalent or superior to the sight and sound experiences produced by our technologies. Some of our current or future competitors may have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, and other resources than we do, or may have more experience or advantages in the markets in which they compete. These competitors may also be able to offer integrated systems in markets for entertainment technologies on a royalty-free basis or at a lower price than our technologies, including audio, imaging, and other technologies, which could make competing technologies that we develop less attractive.
Pricing Pressures. The markets for the consumer entertainment products in which our technologies are incorporated are intensely competitive and price sensitive. We expect to face increased royalty pricing pressure for our technologies as we seek to drive the adoption of our technologies into online content and portable devices, such as tablets and smartphones. Retail prices for consumer entertainment products that include our sound technologies, such as DVD and Blu-ray players and home theater systems, have decreased significantly, and we expect prices to decrease for the foreseeable future. In response, OEMs have sought to reduce their product costs, which can result in downward pressure on the licensing fees we charge.
Customers as Competitors. We face competitive risks in situations where our customers are also current or potential competitors. For example, Sony and Technicolor are significant licensee customers, but are also competitors with respect to some of our consumer, broadcast, and cinema technologies. Our customers may choose to use competing technologies they have developed or in which they have an interest rather than use our technologies. The existence of important customer relationships may influence which strategic opportunities we pursue, as we may forgo some opportunities in the interests of preserving a critical customer relationship.
Competition from Other Audio Formats and Imaging Solutions. We believe that the success we have had licensing our audio technologies to system licensees is due, in part, to the strength of our brand and the perception that our technologies provide a high quality solution for multichannel audio. However, both free and proprietary sound technologies are becoming increasingly prevalent, and we expect competitors to continue to enter this field with other offerings. Furthermore, to the extent that customers perceive our competitors’ products as providing the same advantages as our technologies at a lower or comparable price, there is a risk that these customers may treat sound encoding technologies as commodities, resulting in loss of status of our technologies, decline in their use, and significant pricing pressure. In addition, we introduced our HDR imaging technology, Dolby Vision, within the last two years, and we expect to face intense competition from existing and more well-established competitors. Moreover, there can be no assurance that consumers will adopt Dolby Vision in the near future, or at all.
Competition for Employees. In order to be successful, we must attract, develop, and retain employees, including employees to work on our growth initiatives where our current employees may lack experience with the business models and markets we are pursuing. Competition for experienced employees in our markets can be intense. In order to attract and retain employees, we must provide a competitive compensation package, including cash and equity compensation. Our equity awards include stock options and restricted stock units. The future value of these awards is uncertain, and depends on our stock price performance over time. In order for our compensation packages to be viewed as competitive, prospective employees must perceive our equity awards to be a valuable benefit.

STRATEGIC ACTIVITIES
Importance of Relationships with Entertainment Industry. To be successful, we must maintain and grow our relationships with a broad range of entertainment industry participants, including:
•
Content creators, such as film directors, studios, music producers and mobile and online content producers;
•
Content distributors, such as film exhibitors, broadcasters, operators, and OTT video service providers and video game publishers; and
•
Device manufacturers.
Relationships have historically played an important role in the entertainment markets that we serve. For example, sales of our products and services are particularly dependent upon our relationships with major film studios and broadcasters, and licensing of our technologies is particularly dependent upon our relationships with system licensees and IC manufacturers. If we fail to maintain and strengthen these relationships, these entertainment industry

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participants may be less likely to purchase and use our technologies, products, and services, or create content incorporating our technologies.

Consequences of M&A Activity. We evaluate a wide array of possible strategic transactions, including acquisitions. We consider these types of transactions in connection with, among other things, our efforts to strengthen our core audio and cinema businesses and expand beyond sound technologies. Although we cannot predict whether or not we will complete any such acquisitions or other transactions in the future, any of these transactions could be significant in relation to our market capitalization, financial condition, or results of operations. The process of integrating an acquired company, business, or technology may create unforeseen difficulties and expenditures. Foreign acquisitions involve unique risks in addition to those mentioned above, including those related to integration of operations across different geographies, cultures, and languages; currency risks; and risks associated with the economic, political, and regulatory environment in specific countries. Future acquisitions could result in potentially dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses, and write-offs of goodwill. Future acquisitions may also require us to obtain additional equity or debt financing, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all. Also, the anticipated benefits of our acquisitions may not materialize.
We face various risks in integrating acquired businesses, including: 
•
Diversion of management time and focus from operating our business to acquisition integration challenges;
•
Cultural and logistical challenges associated with integrating employees from acquired businesses into our organization;
•
Retaining employees, suppliers and customers from businesses we acquire;
•
The need to implement or improve internal controls, procedures, and policies appropriate for a public company at businesses that prior to the acquisition may have lacked effective controls, procedures, and policies;
•
Possible write-offs or impairment charges resulting from acquisitions;
•
Unanticipated or unknown liabilities relating to acquired businesses; and
•
The need to integrate acquired businesses’ accounting, management information, manufacturing, human resources, and other administrative systems to permit effective management.

LEGAL AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
International Business and Compliance. We are dependent on international sales for a substantial amount of our total revenue. We are subject to a number of risks related to conducting business internationally, including: 
•
U.S. and foreign government trade restrictions, including those which may impose restrictions on importation of programming, technology, or components to or from the U.S.;
•
Compliance with applicable international laws and regulations, including antitrust laws, that may differ or conflict with laws in other countries where we conduct business, or are otherwise not harmonized with one another;
•
Foreign government taxes, regulations, and permit requirements, including foreign taxes that we may not be able to offset against taxes imposed upon us in the U.S., and other laws limiting our ability to repatriate funds to the U.S.;
•
Changes in diplomatic and trade relationships;
•
Difficulty in establishing, staffing, and managing foreign operations;
•
Adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, including risks related to any interest rate swap or other hedging activities we undertake;
•
Political or social instability, natural disasters, war or events of terrorism; and
•
The strength of international economies.
Certain foreign governments, particularly in China, have advanced arguments under their competition laws that exert downward pressure on royalties for intellectual property. The regulatory enforcement activities in such jurisdictions can be unpredictable, in some cases because these jurisdictions have only recently implemented competition laws.  For instance, in March 2014, the National Development and Reform Commission of China (“NDRC”) initiated a review of our business practices under the Chinese competition laws and requested information relating to our business practices in China. In early May 2015, the NDRC confirmed that the matters under review have been resolved on mutually agreeable terms. The implementation of these terms remains ongoing.  Additionally, in December 2013, the Korean Fair Trade Commission (“KFTC”) initiated a review of the Company under Korean competition law. The KFTC requested information relating to our business practices in Korea and we cooperated

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during its review. As a result of this review, in July 2015, the KFTC issued an order and we agreed to modify certain terms in our standard licensing agreements going forward without admitting to any liability or wrongdoing.
In many foreign countries, particularly in those with developing economies, it is common to engage in business practices that are prohibited by U.S. regulations applicable to us such as the FCPA and U.S. export controls. Although we implement policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with the FCPA and U.S. export controls, there can be no assurance that all of our employees, distributors, dealers, and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies or these regulations.
Costs of Environmental Laws and Regulation. Our operations use substances regulated under federal, state, local, and international laws governing the environment, including those governing the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, the management, disposal, and labeling of hazardous substances and wastes, and the cleanup of contaminated sites. In addition, future environmental laws and regulations have the potential to affect our operations, increase our costs, decrease our revenue, or change the way we design or manufacture our products. We face increasing complexity in our product design as we adjust to requirements relating to the materials composition of our products. For some products, substituting particular components containing regulated hazardous substances is more difficult or costly, and additional redesign efforts could result in production delays. We could incur costs, fines, and civil or criminal sanctions, third party property damage or personal injury claims, or could be required to incur substantial investigation or remediation costs, if we were to violate or become liable under environmental laws.
Conflict Minerals. The SEC has adopted rules regarding disclosure of the use of conflict minerals (commonly referred to as tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold), which are sourced from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and surrounding countries. This requirement could affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of materials used in our products as well as the companies we use to manufacture our products. In circumstances where sources of conflict minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo or surrounding countries are not validated as conflict free, Dolby may take actions to change materials, designs or manufacturers to reduce the possibility that Dolby's contracts to manufacture products that contain conflict minerals finance or benefit local armed groups in the region. The implementation of these rules could adversely affect the sourcing, supply and pricing of materials used in our products. As there may be only a limited number of suppliers that can certify to us that they are offering “conflict free” conflict minerals, we cannot be sure that we will be able to obtain necessary conflict minerals from such suppliers in sufficient quantities or at competitive prices. These actions could also add engineering and other costs in connection with the manufacturing of our products.
We may not be able to sufficiently verify the origins for the minerals used in our products. Our reputation may suffer if we determine that our products contain conflict minerals that are not determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to sufficiently verify the origins for all conflict minerals used in our products. In addition, some customers may require that all of our products are certified to be conflict free and if we cannot satisfy these customers, they may choose a competitor's products.
Tax Rates and Liabilities. Changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, the geographic mix of our revenue, or changes in tax laws or their interpretation could affect our future effective tax rates. We file income tax returns in the U.S. and in several U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions, and must use judgment in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. For example, the following could affect our income taxes: 
•
Earnings being lower than anticipated in countries that have lower tax rates and higher than anticipated in countries that have higher tax rates;
•
Changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;
•
Fluctuations in tax exempt interest income;
•
Transfer pricing adjustments;
•
Tax effects of nondeductible compensation;
•
Tax costs related to intercompany realignments;
•
Any obligations or decisions to repatriate earnings from abroad earlier than anticipated;
•
Changes in accounting principles; or
•
Changes in tax laws and regulations in the countries in which we operate, including U.S. legislative changes to the taxation of earnings of our foreign subsidiaries.

A number of international legislative and regulatory bodies have proposed draft legislation and begun investigations on the tax practices of multinational companies. One of these efforts has been led by the OECD, an international association of 34 countries including the United States, which has finalized recommendations to revise many corporate taxes, transfer pricing, and tax treaty provisions in member countries. In addition, the European Union

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and its European Commission has begun to review and opine on the appropriateness of agreements between various member countries and companies that might be in violation of European Union competition rules against unjustified state aid. While none of these bodies has identified Dolby as a potential target of its actions, it is possible that these efforts may in the future impact our income tax liabilities.
We are subject to the periodic examination of our income tax returns by tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes, but an adverse decision by tax authorities could significantly impact our financial results. Additionally, due to the evolving nature of tax rules combined with the large number of jurisdictions in which we operate, it is possible that our estimates of our tax liability and the realizability of our deferred tax assets could change in the future, which may result in additional tax liabilities.

STOCK-RELATED ISSUES
Controlling Stockholder. At April 1, 2016, the Dolby family and their affiliates owned 1,354,365 shares of our Class A common stock and 46,687,075 shares of our Class B common stock. As of April 1, 2016, the Dolby family and their affiliates had voting power of 99.8% of our outstanding Class B common stock, which combined with their shares of our Class A common stock, represented 89.8% of the combined voting power of our outstanding Class A and Class B common stock. Under our certificate of incorporation, holders of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share while holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share. Generally, shares of Class B common stock automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock upon transfer of such Class B common stock, other than transfers to certain specified persons and entities, including the spouse and descendants of Ray Dolby and the spouses and domestic partners of such descendants.
Because of this dual class structure, the Dolby family and their affiliates will, for the foreseeable future, have significant influence over our management and affairs, and will be able to control virtually all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions such as mergers or other sales of our company or assets, even if they come to own considerably less than 50% of the total number of outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock.
Moreover, these persons may take actions in their own interests that our other stockholders do not view as beneficial. Absent a transfer of Class B common stock that would trigger an automatic conversion as described above, there is no threshold or time deadline at which the shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock.
Insider Sales of Common Stock. If our founder’s family, officers, directors or employees sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market, including shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of shares of Class B common stock, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline.
Stock Repurchase Program. Our stock repurchase program may reduce the public float of shares available for trading on a daily basis. Such purchases may be limited, suspended, or terminated at any time without prior notice. There can be no assurance that we will buy additional shares of our Class A common stock under our stock repurchase program or that any future repurchases will have a positive impact on our stock price or earnings per share. Important factors that could cause us to discontinue or decrease our share repurchases include, among others, unfavorable market conditions, the market price of our Class A common stock, the nature of other investment or strategic opportunities presented to us, the rate of dilution of our equity compensation programs, our ability to make appropriate, timely, and beneficial decisions as to when, how, and whether to purchase shares under the stock repurchase program, and the availability of funds necessary to continue purchasing stock. If we curtail our repurchase program, our stock price may be negatively affected.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Our Board of Directors announced a $250.0 million stock repurchase program on November 3, 2009. The program, which has no expiration date, approved the repurchase of shares of our Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share. The authorized maximum was subsequently increased by $300.0 million, $250.0 million, $100.0 million, and $200.0 million as announced on July 27, 2010, August 4, 2011, February 8, 2012, and October 23, 2014, respectively. Stock repurchases under this program may be made through open market transactions, negotiated purchases, or otherwise, at times and in such amounts as we consider appropriate. The following table provides information regarding our share repurchases made under program during the second quarter of fiscal 2016:
Repurchase Activity
Total Shares Repurchased
Average Price
Paid Per Share (1)
Total Shares Purchased As Part Of Publicly Announced Programs
Remaining Authorized Share Repurchases (2)
January 2, 2016 - January 29, 2016
—
$—
—
$113.3 million
January 30, 2016 - February 26, 2016
673,714
37.33
673,714
$88.2 million
February 27, 2016 - April 1, 2016
302,031
40.53
302,031
$75.9 million
Total
975,745
 
975,745
 
(1)
Average price paid per share excludes commission costs.
(2)
Amounts represent the approximate dollar value of the maximum remaining number of shares that may yet be purchased under the stock repurchase program, and excludes commission costs.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
 
Description
 
Incorporated By Reference Herein
 
 
 
Form
 
File Number
 
Date
 
Filed Herewith
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
32.1‡
 
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.INS‡
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.SCH‡
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.CAL‡
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.DEF‡
 
XBRL Extension Definition
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.LAB‡
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.PRE‡
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
‡    Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: May 4, 2016
 
DOLBY LABORATORIES, INC.
By:
/S/   LEWIS CHEW
 
Lewis Chew
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)


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