UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

OR

For the transition period from                          to                         

Commission file number 001-32559

Commission file number 333-177186

 

MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

MPT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

 

REGISTRANT’S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE: (205) 969-3755

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of May 4, 2018, Medical Properties Trust, Inc. had 364,736,886 shares of common stock, par value $0.001, outstanding.

 

 

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2018 of Medical Properties Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, through which Medical Properties Trust, Inc. conducts substantially all of its operations. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this report to “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company,” “Medical Properties,” “MPT,” or “the company” refer to Medical Properties Trust, Inc. together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “our operating partnership” or “the operating partnership” refer to MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. together with its consolidated subsidiaries.

 

 

 

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MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC. AND MPT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED March 31, 2018

Table of Contents

 

 

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income

(Unaudited)

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MPT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MPT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income

(Unaudited)

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MPT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MPT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC. AND MPT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Organization

Medical Properties Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, was formed on August 27, 2003, under the Maryland General Corporation Law for the purpose of engaging in the business of investing in, owning, and leasing commercial real estate. Our operating partnership subsidiary, MPT Operating Partnership, L.P., (the “Operating Partnership”) through which we conduct all of our operations, was formed in September 2003. Through another wholly-owned subsidiary, Medical Properties Trust, LLC, we are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. At present, we directly own substantially all of the limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership and have elected to report our required disclosures and that of the Operating Partnership on a combined basis except where material differences exist.

We have operated as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) since April 6, 2004 and elected REIT status upon the filing in September 2005 of the calendar year 2004 federal income tax return. Accordingly, we will generally not be subject to federal income tax in the United States (“U.S.”), provided that we continue to qualify as a REIT and our distributions to our stockholders equal or exceed our taxable income. Certain non-real estate activities we undertake are conducted by entities which we elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”). Our TRS entities are subject to both U.S. federal and state income taxes. For our properties located outside the U.S., we are subject to local taxes; however, we do not expect to incur additional taxes in the U.S. as such income flows through our REIT.

Our primary business strategy is to acquire and develop real estate and improvements, primarily for long-term lease to providers of healthcare services such as operators of general acute care hospitals, inpatient physical rehabilitation hospitals, long-term acute care hospitals, surgery centers, centers for treatment of specific conditions such as cardiac, pulmonary, cancer, and neurological hospitals, and other healthcare-oriented facilities. We also make mortgage and other loans to operators of similar facilities. In addition, we may obtain profits or equity interests in our tenants, from time to time, in order to enhance our overall return. We manage our business as a single business segment. Our properties are located in the U.S. and Europe.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements: The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. for interim financial information, including rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2018, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. for complete financial statements.

For information about significant accounting policies, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. There have been no material changes to these significant accounting policies other than the following:

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business” (“ASU 2017-01”). ASU 2017-01 provides an initial screen to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, in which case, the transaction would be accounted for as an asset acquisition rather than as a business combination. In addition, ASU 2017-01 clarifies the requirements for a set of activities to be considered a business and narrows the definition of an output. With this accounting change, we expect to recognize a majority of our future real estate acquisitions as asset transactions rather than business combinations, which will result in the capitalization of third party transaction costs that are directly related to an acquisition and significantly decrease acquisition expenses. Indirect and internal transaction costs will continue to be expensed, but we do not expect to treat these costs as acquisition expenses for purposes of deriving normalized funds from operations in the future. Accordingly, this change in accounting increased our general and administrative expenses by $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to prior year.

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” Under the new standard, revenue is recognized at the time a good or service is transferred to a customer for the amount of consideration received for that specific good or service. This standard should not have a significant impact on our financial results, as a substantial portion of our revenue consists of rental income from leasing arrangements and interest income from loans, which are specifically excluded from ASU No. 2014-09. However, we also adopted a related standard ASU No. 2017-05 “Other Income - Gains and Losses from the

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Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets” on January 1, 2018, which we expect will allow for more transactions to qualify as sales of real estate with gains on sales being recognized earlier than under previous accounting guidance, as the new guidance is based on transfer of control versus whether or not the seller has continuing involvement. Upon adoption of this new standard, we recorded a $1.9 million adjustment to retained earnings to fully recognize gains on real estate sold in prior years that was required to be deferred under previous accounting guidance.

In August and November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance on the classification of certain receipts and payments in the statements of cash flows and to require companies to separately disclose the changes in total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash on statements of cash flows (ASU 2016-18).  Restricted cash recorded in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets includes certain operating deposits, tenant capital reserve deposits and deposits related to real estate acquisitions. This guidance was adopted on January 1, 2018 by applying a retrospective transition method resulting in the restatement of all periods presented.  This change did not have a material impact on the statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively.

Recent Accounting Developments:

Leases

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases”, which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either financing or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases.

We will adopt this new standard on January 1, 2019. We are continuing to evaluate this standard and the impact to us from both a lessor and lessee perspective. We do have leases in which we are the lessee, including ground leases, on which certain of our facilities reside, along with corporate office and equipment leases, that will be required to be recorded on our balance sheet upon adoption of this standard. From a lessor perspective, we do expect certain non-lease components (including certain operating expenses that the tenants of our facilities are required to pay pursuant to our “triple-net” leases) to be recorded gross versus net of the respective expenses upon adoption of this standard in 2019 in accordance with ASU No. 2014-09.

Reclassifications and Revisions

Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Variable Interest Entities

At March 31, 2018, we had loans to and/or equity investments in certain variable interest entities (“VIEs”), which are also tenants of our facilities. We have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs. The carrying value and classification of the related assets and maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with these VIEs are presented below at March 31, 2018 (in thousands):

 

 

For the VIE types above, we do not consolidate the VIE because we do not have the ability to control the activities (such as the day-to-day healthcare operations of our borrowers or investees) that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance.

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As of March 31, 2018, we were not required to provide financial support through a liquidity arrangement or otherwise to our unconsolidated VIEs, including circumstances in which they could be exposed to further losses (e.g., cash short falls).

Typically, our loans are collateralized by assets of the borrower (some assets of which are on the premises of facilities owned by us) and further supported by limited guarantees made by certain principals of the borrower.

See Note 3 and Note 5 for additional description of the nature, purpose and activities of our more significant VIEs (such as Ernest Health Inc. (“Ernest”)) and interests therein.

3. Real Estate and Lending Activities

Acquisitions

We acquired the following assets (in thousands):

 

On January 30, 2017, we acquired an inpatient rehabilitation hospital in Germany for €8.4 million. This acquisition was the final property to close as part of the six hospital portfolio that we agreed to buy in September 2016 for an aggregate amount of €44.1 million. This property is leased to affiliates of Median Kliniken S.à r.l. (“MEDIAN”) pursuant to the existing long-term master lease agreement reached with MEDIAN in 2015.

Development Activities

During the 2018 first quarter, we completed construction on Ernest Flagstaff. This $24 million inpatient rehabilitation facility located in Flagstaff, Arizona opened on March 1, 2018 and is being leased to Ernest pursuant to a stand-alone lease, with terms generally similar to the original master lease.

See table below for a status update on our current development projects (in thousands):

 

Disposals

On March 1, 2018, we sold the real estate of St. Joseph Medical Center in Houston, Texas, for approximately $148 million to Steward Health Care System LLC (“Steward”). In return, we received a mortgage loan equal to the purchase price, with such loan secured by the underlying real estate. The mortgage loan has terms consistent with the other mortgage loans in the Steward portfolio. This transaction resulted in a gain of $1.5 million, offset by a $1.7 million non-cash charge to revenue to write-off related straight-line rent receivables on this property.

On March 31, 2017, we sold the EASTAR Health System real estate located in Muskogee, Oklahoma, which was leased to RCCH Healthcare Partners (“RCCH”). Total proceeds from this transaction were approximately $64 million resulting in a gain of $7.4 million, partially offset by a $0.6 million non-cash charge to revenue to write-off related straight-line rent receivables on this property.

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Leasing Operations

At March 31, 2018, leases on 14 Ernest facilities, ten Prime Healthcare Services, Inc. (“Prime”) facilities, and two Alecto Healthcare Services LLC (“Alecto”) facilities are accounted for as direct financing leases (“DFLs”). The components of our net investment in DFLs consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

 

On March 15, 2018, we entered into a new lease agreement of our long-term acute care facility in Boise, Idaho with a joint venture formed by Vibra Healthcare, LLC (“Vibra”) and Ernest. The new lease has an initial 15-year fixed term (ending March 2033) with three extension options of five years each. With this transaction, we incurred a non-cash charge of $1.5 million to write-off DFL unbilled interest associated with the previous lease to Ernest on this property.

Adeptus Health

As noted in previous filings, we have 16 properties that we plan to re-lease to a new operator or sell. These properties are being transitioned away from Adeptus Health in stages over a two year period as part of Adeptus Health’s confirmed plan of reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. Rent is being paid by Adeptus Health during this transition period. On January 1, 2018 and April 1, 2018, Adeptus Health vacated and stopped making rent payments on five and three properties, respectively. As a result of the shortening of our lease term on these and eight other properties, we recorded $1.8 million to accelerate straight-line rent receivable amortization in the 2018 first quarter. At March 31, 2018, Adeptus Health is current on its rent obligations to us. Although no assurances can be made that we will not recognize a loss in the future, we believe at March 31, 2018 that the sale or re-leasing of the assets related to these 16 transition facilities will not result in any material loss or impairment.

Gilbert and Florence Facilities

In the first quarter of 2018, we terminated the lease at our Gilbert and Florence, Arizona facilities due to the tenant not meeting its rent obligations pursuant to the lease. As a result of the lease terminating, we recorded a charge of $1.1 million to reserve against the straight-line rent receivables. This former tenant has continued to occupy the facility, but on April 25, 2018, this former tenant filed for involuntary bankruptcy. At March 31, 2018, all outstanding receivables were completely reserved.  Although no assurances can be made that we will not have any impairment charges in the future, we believe our investment in Gilbert and Florence of $38.1 million at March 31, 2018, is fully recoverable.

Loans

The following is a summary of our loans (in thousands):

 

 

The increase in mortgage loans relates to the St. Joseph property that was sold on March 1, 2018 – see “Disposals” section of this Note 3 for further information. Our non-mortgage loans typically consist of loans to our tenants for acquisitions and working capital purposes. At March 31, 2018, acquisition loans includes $113.9 million in loans to Ernest.

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Concentrations of Credit Risk

Our revenue concentration for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the prior year is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Revenue by Operator

(1) Includes revenue from IASIS prior to being acquired by Steward on September 29, 2017.

Revenue by U.S. State and Country

 

On a gross asset basis (as defined in the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of Item 2 of this Form 10-Q), our concentration as of March 31, 2018 as compared to December 31, 2017 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Gross Assets by Operator

(1) Includes approximately $1.8 billion of triple net leased gross assets.

 

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Gross Assets by U.S. State and Country

 

On an individual property basis, we had no investment of any single property greater than 3.7% of our total gross assets as of March 31, 2018.

4. Debt

The following is a summary of debt (dollar amounts in thousands):

 

 

As of March 31, 2018, principal payments due on our debt (which exclude the effects of any discounts, premiums, or debt issue costs recorded) are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

On February 1, 2017, we replaced our previous unsecured credit facility (which we had entered into in 2014 and amended in 2015) with a new revolving credit and term loan agreement (“Credit Facility”). The new agreement included a $1.3 billion unsecured

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revolving loan facility (same amount as the previous revolving loan facility), a $200 million unsecured term loan facility ($50 million lower than the previous term loan), and a new €200 million unsecured term loan facility.

 

On March 4, 2017, we redeemed the €200 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.750% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020.

On March 24, 2017, we completed a €500 million senior unsecured notes offering (“3.325% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2025”). A portion of the proceeds from this offering were used to prepay and extinguish the €200 million term loan facility portion of our Credit Facility on March 30, 2017.

With the replacement of our old credit facility, the redemption of the 5.750% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2020, and the payoff of our €200 million euro term loan, we incurred a debt refinancing charge of approximately $14 million in the 2017 first quarter.

Covenants

Our debt facilities impose certain restrictions on us, including restrictions on our ability to: incur debts; create or incur liens; provide guarantees in respect of obligations of any other entity; make redemptions and repurchases of our capital stock; prepay, redeem or repurchase debt; engage in mergers or consolidations; enter into affiliated transactions; dispose of real estate or other assets; and change our business. In addition, the credit agreements governing our Credit Facility limit the amount of dividends we can pay as a percentage of normalized adjusted funds from operations, as defined in the agreements, on a rolling four quarter basis. At March 31, 2018, the dividend restriction was 95% of normalized adjusted funds from operations (“NAFFO”). The indentures governing our senior unsecured notes also limit the amount of dividends we can pay based on the sum of 95% of NAFFO, proceeds of equity issuances and certain other net cash proceeds. Finally, our senior unsecured notes require us to maintain total unencumbered assets (as defined in the related indenture) of not less than 150% of our unsecured indebtedness.

In addition to these restrictions, the Credit Facility contains customary financial and operating covenants, including covenants relating to our total leverage ratio, fixed charge coverage ratio, secured leverage ratio, consolidated adjusted net worth, unsecured leverage ratio, and unsecured interest coverage ratio. This Credit Facility also contains customary events of default, including among others, nonpayment of principal or interest, material inaccuracy of representations and failure to comply with our covenants. If an event of default occurs and is continuing under the Credit Facility, the entire outstanding balance may become immediately due and payable. At March 31, 2018, we were in compliance with all such financial and operating covenants.

5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We have various assets and liabilities that are considered financial instruments. We estimate that the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values. We estimate the fair value of our interest and rent receivables using Level 2 inputs such as discounting the estimated future cash flows using the current rates at which similar receivables would be made to others with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. The fair value of our mortgage loans and working capital loans are estimated by using Level 2 inputs such as discounting the estimated future cash flows using the current rates which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. We determine the fair value of our senior unsecured notes using Level 2 inputs such as quotes from securities dealers and market makers. We estimate the fair value of our revolving credit facility and term loan using Level 2 inputs based on the present value of future payments, discounted at a rate which we consider appropriate for such debt.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, are subjective in nature, and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Settlement of such fair value amounts may not be possible and may not be a prudent management decision. The following table summarizes fair value estimates for our financial instruments (in thousands):

 

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Our equity interest in Ernest along with their related loans are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as we elected to account for these investments using the fair value option method. We have elected to account for these investments at fair value due to

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the size of the investments and because we believe this method is more reflective of current values. We have not made a similar election for other currently existing equity interests or loans.

At March 31, 2018, these amounts were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Our mortgage and other loans with Ernest are recorded at fair value based on Level 2 inputs by discounting the estimated cash flows using the market rates which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and the same remaining maturities. Our equity investment in Ernest is recorded at fair value based on Level 3 inputs, by using a discounted cash flow model, which requires significant estimates of our investee such as projected revenue and expenses and appropriate consideration of the underlying risk profile of the forecast assumptions associated with the investee. We classify the equity investment as Level 3, as we use certain unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the fair value measurement, and the valuation requires management judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices. For the cash flow model, our observable inputs include use of a capitalization rate, discount rate (which is based on a weighted average cost of capital), and market interest rates, and our unobservable input includes an adjustment for a marketability discount (“DLOM”) on our equity investment of 40% at March 31, 2018.

In regards to the underlying projection of revenues and expenses used in the discounted cash flow model, such projections are provided by Ernest. However, we will modify such projections (including underlying assumptions used) as needed based on our review and analysis of Ernest’s historical results, meetings with key members of management, and our understanding of trends and developments within the healthcare industry.

In arriving at the DLOM, we started with a DLOM range based on the results of studies supporting valuation discounts for other transactions or structures without a public market. To select the appropriate DLOM within the range, we then considered many qualitative factors including the percent of control, the nature of the underlying investee’s business along with our rights as an investor pursuant to the operating agreement, the size of investment, expected holding period, number of shareholders, access to capital marketplace, etc. To illustrate the effect of movements in the DLOM, we performed a sensitivity analysis below by using basis point variations (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Because the fair value of the Ernest investments noted above is below our original cost, we recognized an unrealized loss during the first quarter of 2018. No unrealized gain/loss on the Ernest investments was recorded in the first quarter of 2017.

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6. Earnings Per Share

Medical Properties Trust, Inc.

Our earnings per share were calculated based on the following (amounts in thousands):

 

 

MPT Operating Partnership, L.P.

Our earnings per common unit were calculated based on the following (amounts in thousands):

 

 

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

On September 28, 2016, we entered into definitive agreements to acquire an acute care hospital in Washington for a purchase price of $17.5 million. Upon closing, the facility will be leased to RCCH, pursuant to the current master lease. Closing of this transaction, which is expected to be completed in 2018 is subject to customary real estate, regulatory and other closing conditions.

Contingencies

We are a party to various legal proceedings incidental to our business. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to those proceedings is not presently expected to materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of the consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations are presented on a combined basis for Medical Properties Trust and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. as there are no material differences between these two entities.

The following discussion and analysis of the consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations should be read together with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in this Form 10-Q and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Forward-Looking Statements.

This report on Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results or future performance, achievements or transactions or events to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and as updated in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for future periods, and current reports on Form 8-K as we file them with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such factors include, among others, the following:

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Key Factors that May Affect Our Operations

Our revenue is derived from rents we earn pursuant to the lease agreements with our tenants, from interest income from loans to our tenants and other facility owners and from profits or equity interests in certain of our tenants’ operations. Our tenants operate in the healthcare industry, generally providing medical, surgical and rehabilitative care to patients. The capacity of our tenants to pay our rents and interest is dependent upon their ability to conduct their operations at profitable levels. We believe that the business environment of the industry segments in which our tenants operate is generally positive for efficient operators. However, our tenants’ operations are subject to economic, regulatory and market conditions that may affect their profitability, which could impact our results. Accordingly, we monitor certain key factors, changes to which we believe may provide early indications of conditions that may affect the level of risk in our portfolio.

Key factors that we consider in underwriting prospective tenants and borrowers and in monitoring the performance of existing tenants and borrowers include the following:

Certain business factors, in addition to those described above that directly affect our tenants and borrowers, will likely materially influence our future results of operations. These factors include:

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Refer to our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of our critical accounting policies, which include revenue recognition, investments in real estate, purchase price allocation, loans, losses from rent and interest receivables, stock-based compensation, our fair value option election, and our accounting policy on consolidation. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, there were no material changes to these policies.

Overview

We are a self-advised real estate investment trust (“REIT”) focused on investing in and owning net-leased healthcare facilities across the U.S. and selectively in foreign jurisdictions. We have operated as a REIT since April 6, 2004, and accordingly, elected REIT status upon the filing of our calendar year 2004 federal income tax return. Medical Properties Trust, Inc. was incorporated under Maryland law on August 27, 2003, and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. was formed under Delaware law on September 10, 2003. We conduct substantially all of our business through MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. We acquire and develop healthcare facilities and lease the facilities to healthcare operating companies under long-term net leases, which require the tenant to bear most of the costs associated with the property. We also make mortgage loans to healthcare operators collateralized by their real estate assets. In addition, we selectively make loans to certain of our operators through our taxable REIT subsidiaries, the proceeds of which are typically used for acquisitions and working capital. Finally, from time to time, we acquire a profits or other equity interest in our tenants that gives us a right to share in such tenant’s profits and losses.

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At March 31, 2018, our portfolio consisted of 274 properties leased or loaned to 31 operators, of which two are under development and 15 are in the form of mortgage loans.

Our investments in healthcare real estate, including mortgage and other loans, as well as any equity investments in our tenants are considered a single reportable segment. All of our investments are currently located in the U.S. and Europe. Our total assets are made up of the following (dollars in thousands):

 

 

The following is our revenue by operating type (dollar amounts in thousands):

 

 

We have 69 employees as of May 4, 2018. We believe that any foreseeable increase in the number of our employees will have only immaterial effects on our operations and general and administrative expenses. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. None of our employees are members of any labor union.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Compared to March 31, 2017

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2018, was $90.6 million, compared to $68.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase is primarily due to additional revenue from the Steward and MEDIAN investments that were made in 2017 and no debt refinancing charges in 2018 compared to $13.6 million in the 2017 first quarter. This increase is partially offset by increased interest expense from higher average outstanding debt balances to fund new investments in 2017, higher general and administrative costs from the growth of our company, higher depreciation expenses from investments made subsequent to March 31, 2017, and a larger gain on disposition made during the first quarter of 2017. Funds from operations (“FFO”), after adjusting for certain items (as more fully described in Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures), was $131.5 million, or $0.36 per diluted share for the 2018 first quarter as compared to $105.9 million, or $0.33 per diluted share for the 2017 first quarter. This 24.2% increase in FFO is due to the increase in revenue from acquisitions and completed development projects made since March 2017 (primarily our Steward investments).

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A comparison of revenues for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

 

 

Our total revenue for the 2018 first quarter is up $48.6 million, or 31.1%, over the prior year. This increase is made up of the following:

Interest expense, for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, totaled $57.0 million and $38.0 million, respectively. This increase is primarily related to the higher average debt balance during the 2018 first quarter compared to the prior year first quarter in order to fund our 2017 acquisition activity and approximately $2 million relates to foreign currency fluctuation. The impact on interest expense is partially offset by slightly lower weighted average interest rates period over period due to certain refinancing activities in our debt during 2017. Our weighted-average interest rate was 4.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to 4.6% in the same period in 2017. See Note 4 to Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for a description of our refinancing activities in 2017 that lead to a $13.6 million refinancing charge in the 2017 first quarter.

General and administrative expenses totaled $17.8 million for the 2018 first quarter, which is a $4.6 million increase from the prior year first quarter. As noted in Note 2 to Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, general and administrative expenses were higher in the 2018 first quarter by $1.6 million due to our adoption of ASU 2017-01. Excluding the $1.6 million of higher expense due to the accounting change, general and administrative expenses represented 7.9% of revenue in the 2018 first quarter, which was lower than 8.4% in 2017. On a dollar basis (exclusive of the accounting change impact), general and administrative expenses were up $3 million from the prior year first quarter due to travel and compensation expense, which are up as a result of the growth and expansion of our company.

Real estate depreciation and amortization during the first quarter of 2018 increased to $35.8 million from $27.6 million in 2017, due to the incremental depreciation from the facilities acquired (particularly the Steward facilities acquired in the 2017 third quarter) and the development properties completed in 2017 and the first quarter of 2018.

Acquisition costs decreased $2.8 million from the prior year. The acquisition costs in 2017 primarily related to the MEDIAN transaction along with deals completed subsequent to March 2017. Furthermore, in the 2018 first quarter, all third party transaction costs directly related to acquisitions were capitalized due to the adoption of ASU 2017-01 as noted previously.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we sold our St. Joseph’s property at a gain of $1.5 million. Similarly, in the 2017 first quarter, we sold one RCCH property resulting in a $7.4 million gain. See Note 3 to Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for further details.

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Income tax expense typically includes U.S. federal and state income taxes on our TRS entities, as well as non-U.S. income based or withholding taxes on certain investments located in jurisdictions outside the U.S. The income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018, reflects an increase from prior year due to an increase in financial taxable income from our international investments.  We utilize the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets are recorded to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, all available positive and negative evidence is considered, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and recent financial performance. Based upon our review of all positive and negative evidence, including our three-year cumulative pre-tax book loss position in certain entities, we concluded that a full valuation allowance should continue to be recorded against the majority of our U.S. and certain of our international net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2018. In the future, if we determine that it is more likely than not that we will realize our net deferred tax assets, we will reverse the applicable portion of the valuation allowance, recognize an income tax benefit in the period in which such determination is made, and incur higher income taxes in future periods.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Investors and analysts following the real estate industry utilize funds from operations, or FFO, as a supplemental performance measure. FFO, reflecting the assumption that real estate asset values rise or fall with market conditions, principally adjusts for the effects of GAAP depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, which assumes that the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time. We compute FFO in accordance with the definition provided by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, which represents net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (losses) on sales of real estate and impairment charges on real estate assets, plus real estate depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.

In addition to presenting FFO in accordance with the NAREIT definition, we also disclose normalized FFO, which adjusts FFO for items that relate to unanticipated or non-core events or activities or accounting changes that, if not noted, would make comparison to prior period results and market expectations less meaningful to investors and analysts.

We believe that the use of FFO, combined with the required GAAP presentations, improves the understanding of our operating results among investors and the use of normalized FFO makes comparisons of our operating results with prior periods and other companies more meaningful. While FFO and normalized FFO are relevant and widely used supplemental measures of operating and financial performance of REITs, they should not be viewed as a substitute measure of our operating performance since the measures do not reflect either depreciation and amortization costs or the level of capital expenditures and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, which can be significant economic costs that could materially impact our results of operations. FFO and normalized FFO should not be considered an alternative to net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP) as indicators of our financial performance or to cash flow from operating activities (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our liquidity.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of net income attributable to MPT common stockholders to FFO for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):

 

 

Gross Assets

Gross assets is total assets before accumulated depreciation/amortization and assumes all real estate binding commitments on new investments and unfunded amounts on development deals and commenced capital improvement projects are fully funded (see Note 7 of Item 1 on this Form 10-Q), and assumes cash on hand is fully used in these transactions. We believe total gross assets is useful to investors as it provides a more current view of our portfolio and allows for a better understanding of our concentration levels as our binding commitments close and our other commitments are fully funded. The following table presents a reconciliation of total assets to total gross assets (in thousands):

 

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

2018 Cash Flow Activity

During the 2018 first quarter, we generated $94.8 million of cash flows from operating activities, primarily consisting of rent and interest from mortgage and other loans. We used these operating cash flows along with cash on-hand to fund our dividends of $89.4 million and certain investing and financing activities (including a $33.6 million reduction in our revolving credit facility).

2017 Cash Flow Activity

During the 2017 first quarter, we generated $64.3 million of cash flows from operating activities, primarily consisting of rent and interest from mortgage and other loans. We used these operating cash flows along with cash on-hand to fund our dividends of $74.5 million and certain investing activities.

Certain financing activities in the 2017 first quarter included:

Short-term Liquidity Requirements:

As of March 31, 2018, we have no debt principal payments due in the next twelve months — see debt maturity schedule below. At May 4, 2018, our availability under our revolving credit facility plus cash on-hand approximated $0.6 billion. We believe this liquidity along with our current monthly cash receipts from rent and loan interest and availability under our at-the-market equity program is sufficient to fund our operations, interest obligations, our firm commitments (including expected funding requirements on our development projects), and dividends in order to comply with REIT requirements for the next twelve months.

We expect to lower our outstanding borrowings on our revolving credit facility, improve our leverage metrics, and reduce our tenant concentration in Steward during 2018. We expect to accomplish this by entering into joint venture arrangements, and/or completing strategic property sales, among other alternatives. However, no assurance can be made that such transactions will be available to us or that our plans will be successful.

Long-term Liquidity Requirements:

As of March 31, 2018, we have no debt principal payments due between now and January 2021 when our revolving credit facility comes due (which can be extended by one year). With our liquidity at May 4, 2018 of approximately $0.6 billion, along with our current monthly cash receipts from rent and loan interest and the availability under our at-the-market equity program, we believe we have the liquidity available to us to fund our operations, debt and interest obligations, dividends in order to comply with REIT requirements, and firm commitments (including expected funding requirements on our development projects) for the foreseeable future.

However, in order to fund our investment strategies and to fund debt maturities coming due in later years, we believe the following sources of capital are generally available in the market and we may access one or a combination of them:

However, there is no assurance that conditions will be favorable for such possible transactions or that our plans will be successful.

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As of March 31, 2018, principal payments due on our debt (which excludes the effects of any discounts, premiums, or debt issue costs recorded) are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

We presented our contractual obligations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Except for changes to our operating lease commitments, there have been no significant changes in those obligations during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The following table updates our contractual obligations schedule for updates to our operating lease commitments (in thousands):

 

 

Distribution Policy

The table below is a summary of our distributions declared during the two year period ended March 31, 2018:

 

 

We intend to pay to our stockholders, within the time periods prescribed by the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”), all or substantially all of our annual taxable income, including taxable gains from the sale of real estate and recognized gains on the sale of securities. It is our policy to make sufficient cash distributions to stockholders in order for us to maintain our status as a REIT under the Code and to avoid corporate income and excise taxes on undistributed income. However, our Credit Facility limits the amount of dividends we can pay - see Note 4 in Item 1 to this Form 10-Q for further information.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market sensitive instruments. We seek to mitigate the effects of fluctuations in interest rates by matching the terms of new investments with new long-term fixed rate borrowings to the extent possible. We may or may not elect to use financial derivative instruments to hedge interest rate or foreign currency exposure. For interest rate hedging, these decisions are principally based on our policy to match our variable rate investments with comparable borrowings, but are also based on the general trend in interest rates at the applicable dates and our perception of the future volatility of interest rates. For foreign currency hedging, these decisions are principally based on how our investments are financed, the long-term nature of our investments, the need to repatriate earnings back to the U.S. and the general trend in foreign currency exchange rates.

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In addition, the value of our facilities will be subject to fluctuations based on changes in local and regional economic conditions and changes in the ability of our tenants to generate profits, all of which may affect our ability to refinance our debt, if necessary. The changes in the value of our facilities would be impacted also by changes in “cap” rates, which is measured by the current base rent divided by the current market value of a facility.

Our primary exposure to market risks relates to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency. The following analyses present the sensitivity of the market value, earnings and cash flows of our significant financial instruments to hypothetical changes in interest rates and exchange rates as if these changes had occurred. The hypothetical changes chosen for these analyses reflect our view of changes that are reasonably possible over a one-year period. These forward looking disclosures are selective in nature and only address the potential impact from these hypothetical changes. They do not include other potential effects which could impact our business as a result of changes in market conditions. In addition, they do not include measures we may take to minimize our exposure such as entering into future interest rate swaps to hedge against interest rate increases on our variable rate debt.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

For fixed rate debt, interest rate changes affect the fair market value but do not impact net income to common stockholders or cash flows. Conversely, for floating rate debt, interest rate changes generally do not affect the fair market value but do impact net income to common stockholders and cash flows, assuming other factors are held constant. At March 31, 2018, our outstanding debt totaled $4.9 billion, which consisted of fixed-rate debt of approximately $3.9 billion and variable rate debt of $1.0 billion. If market interest rates increase by 1%, the fair value of our debt at March 31, 2018 would decrease by $10.5 million. Changes in the fair value of our fixed rate debt will not have any impact on us unless we decided to repurchase the debt in the open market.

If market rates of interest on our variable rate debt increase by 1%, the increase in annual interest expense on our variable rate debt would decrease future earnings and cash flows by $0.3 million per year. If market rates of interest on our variable rate debt decrease by 1%, the decrease in interest expense on our variable rate debt would increase future earnings and cash flows by $0.3 million per year. This assumes that the average amount outstanding under our variable rate debt for a year is $1.0 billion, the balance of such variable rate debt at March 31, 2018.

Foreign Currency Sensitivity

With our investments in Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, and Italy, we are subject to fluctuations in the euro and British pound to U.S. dollar currency exchange rates. Increases or decreases in the value of the euro to U.S. dollar and the British pound to U.S. dollar exchange rates may impact our financial condition and/or our results of operations. Based solely on operating results to-date in 2018 and on an annualized basis, if the euro exchange rate were to change by 5%, our FFO would change by approximately $5.2 million. Based solely on operating results to-date in 2018 and on an annualized basis, if the British pound exchange rate were to change by 5%, our FFO would change by less than $0.2 million.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

 

Medical Properties Trust, Inc. and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P.

We have adopted and maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

As required by Rule 13a-15(b), under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, we have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the quarter covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

The information contained in Note 7 “Contingencies” of Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors as presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

None.

Item 5. Other Information.

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Item 6. Exhibits

 

 

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

 

Date: May 10, 2018

 

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