UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2013
 
OR
 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from ______________ to _______________
 
Commission File Number 001-35521
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
WASHINGTON
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
26-2056298
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
12870 Interurban Avenue South
Seattle, Washington 98168
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
 
(206) 673-4848
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period than the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer,” and “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer  ¨
 
Accelerated filer  ¨
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer  ¨
 
Smaller reporting company  x
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ¨  No  x
 
As of November 11, 2013 the issuer has 8,810,674 shares of common stock, par value $.0001, issued and outstanding.
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 3
 
 
 
Item 1.
Condensed Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
Condensed Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (Unaudited)
 3
 
 
 
 
Condensed Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the period from Inception (January 23, 2008) to September 30, 2013 (unaudited)
 4
 
 
 
 
Condensed Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the period from Inception (January 23, 2008) to September 30, 2013 (Unaudited)
 5
 
 
 
 
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the period from Inception (January 23, 2008) to September 30, 2013 (Unaudited)
 6
 
 
 
 
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements
 7
 
 
 
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 15
 
 
 
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 19
 
 
 
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
 19
 
 
 
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
 19
 
 
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
 19
 
 
 
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
 19
 
 
 
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 19
 
 
 
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
19
 
 
 
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
19
 
 
 
Item 5.
Other Information
 19
 
 
 
Item 6.
Exhibits
 20
 
 
 
SIGNATURES 
 21
 
 
2

 
PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
 
Condensed Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
3,989,000
 
$
8,027,000
 
Prepaid expenses
 
 
225,000
 
 
60,000
 
Total current assets
 
 
4,214,000
 
 
8,087,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed assets, net
 
 
416,000
 
 
400,000
 
Patents and other intangible assets
 
 
1,216,000
 
 
618,000
 
Other assets
 
 
10,000
 
 
10,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Assets
 
$
5,856,000
 
$
9,115,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
$
205,000
 
$
276,000
 
Accrued compensation and taxes
 
 
706,000
 
 
168,000
 
Total current liabilities
 
 
911,000
 
 
444,000
 
Deferred rent
 
 
33,000
 
 
35,000
 
Total liabilities
 
 
944,000
 
 
479,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments and Contingencies
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, zero shares issued and outstanding
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 8,810,674 and 8,752,015 shares issued and
    outstanding at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively
 
 
1,000
 
 
1,000
 
Additional paid-in capital
 
 
17,715,000
 
 
17,314,000
 
Deficit accumulated in the development stage
 
 
(12,804,000)
 
 
(8,679,000)
 
Total stockholders' equity
 
 
4,912,000
 
 
8,636,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
 
$
5,856,000
 
$
9,115,000
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
 
 
3

 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
 
Condensed Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
For the Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
For the Period
from Inception
(January 23,
2008)
to
September 30, 
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Co-development revenue
 
$
50,000
 
$
-
 
$
50,000
 
$
-
 
$
50,000
 
Cost of co-development revenue
 
 
34,000
 
 
-
 
 
34,000
 
 
-
 
 
34,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit
 
 
16,000
 
 
-
 
 
16,000
 
 
-
 
 
16,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
 
 
470,000
 
 
331,000
 
 
1,466,000
 
 
887,000
 
 
3,174,000
 
General and administrative
 
 
911,000
 
 
811,000
 
 
2,685,000
 
 
2,145,000
 
 
9,681,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total operating expenses
 
 
1,381,000
 
 
1,142,000
 
 
4,151,000
 
 
3,032,000
 
 
12,855,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss from operations
 
 
(1,365,000)
 
 
(1,142,000)
 
 
(4,135,000)
 
 
(3,032,000)
 
 
(12,839,000)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
 
3,000
 
 
10,000
 
 
10,000
 
 
16,000
 
 
36,000
 
Interest expense
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
(1,000)
 
 
(1,000)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total other income (expense)
 
 
3,000
 
 
10,000
 
 
10,000
 
 
15,000
 
 
35,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Loss
 
$
(1,362,000)
 
$
(1,132,000)
 
$
(4,125,000)
 
$
(3,017,000)
 
$
(12,804,000)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Loss per share - basic and fully diluted
 
$
(0.15)
 
$
(0.13)
 
$
(0.47)
 
$
(0.42)
 
$
(2.89)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic and fully diluted
 
 
8,801,402
 
 
8,752,015
 
 
8,790,801
 
 
7,209,133
 
 
4,432,985
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
 
 
4

 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
 
Condensed Statement of Stockholders' Equity
(Unaudited)
For the period from Inception (January 23, 2008) to September 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
 
 
Deficit
Accumulated
in the
 
Total
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Class B
 
Additional
 
Development
 
Stockholders'
 
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Paid-In Capital
 
Stage
 
Equity
 
Shares issued to founders, at no cost
 
 
1,065,000
 
$
-
 
 
476,000
 
$
-
 
$
33,000
 
$
-
 
$
33,000
 
Shares issued for services ($0.02 per share)
 
 
125,000
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
2,000
 
 
-
 
 
2,000
 
Shares issued for cash ($0.02 per share)
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
384,000
 
 
-
 
 
10,000
 
 
-
 
 
10,000
 
Shares issued for cash ($1.80 per share)
 
 
467,310
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
841,000
 
 
-
 
 
841,000
 
Shares issued for cash ($2.20 per share)
 
 
1,363,364
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
2,999,000
 
 
-
 
 
2,999,000
 
Issuance costs
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
(813,000)
 
 
-
 
 
(813,000)
 
Shares issued in initial public offering ($4.00 per share)
 
 
3,450,000
 
 
1,000
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
13,799,000
 
 
-
 
 
13,800,000
 
Issuance costs of initial public offering
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
(2,727,000)
 
 
-
 
 
(2,727,000)
 
Share based payments of warrants
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
240,000
 
 
-
 
 
240,000
 
Shares issued for services ($1.80 per share)
 
 
146,644
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
264,000
 
 
-
 
 
264,000
 
Shares issued for services ($2.20 per share)
 
 
733,523
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
1,614,000
 
 
-
 
 
1,614,000
 
Shares issued for services ($4.00 per share)
 
 
18,000
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
72,000
 
 
-
 
 
72,000
 
Shares issued for services ($4.94 per share)
 
 
20,799
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
103,000
 
 
-
 
 
103,000
 
Shares issued to retire payable ($4.00 per share)
 
 
110,000
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
440,000
 
 
-
 
 
440,000
 
Conversion of shares
 
 
1,075,000
 
 
-
 
 
(860,000)
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
Share based compensation
 
 
177,375
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
437,000
 
 
-
 
 
437,000
 
Net loss
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
(8,679,000)
 
 
(8,679,000)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balances at December 31, 2012
 
 
8,752,015
 
 
1,000
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
17,314,000
 
 
(8,679,000)
 
 
8,636,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares issued for services ($5.00 per share)
 
 
30,000
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
150,000
 
 
-
 
 
150,000
 
Shares issued for services ($9.12 per share)
 
 
11,250
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
102,000
 
 
-
 
 
102,000
 
Shares issued upon exercise of warrant ($2.20 per share)
 
 
17,409
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
39,000
 
 
-
 
 
39,000
 
Share based compensation
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
110,000
 
 
-
 
 
110,000
 
Net loss
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
(4,125,000)
 
 
(4,125,000)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balances at September 30, 2013
 
 
8,810,674
 
$
1,000
 
 
-
 
$
-
 
$
17,715,000
 
$
(12,804,000)
 
$
4,912,000
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
 
 
5

 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
 
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
For the Period
from Inception
(January 23, 2008)
to
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
September 30, 2013
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(4,125,000)
 
$
(3,017,000)
 
$
(12,804,000)
 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used
    in operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock issued or issuable for services
 
 
181,000
 
 
119,000
 
 
1,710,000
 
Share based payments
 
 
110,000
 
 
116,000
 
 
432,000
 
Depreciation
 
 
154,000
 
 
60,000
 
 
311,000
 
Abandonment of capitalized patent
 
 
4,000
 
 
-
 
 
4,000
 
Deferred rent
 
 
(2,000)
 
 
18,000
 
 
33,000
 
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses
 
 
(94,000)
 
 
323,000
 
 
(154,000)
 
Other assets
 
 
-
 
 
10,000
 
 
(10,000)
 
Accounts payable
 
 
(71,000)
 
 
156,000
 
 
699,000
 
Accrued compensation
 
 
538,000
 
 
301,000
 
 
821,000
 
Net cash used in operating activities
 
 
(3,305,000)
 
 
(1,914,000)
 
 
(8,958,000)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition of fixed assets
 
 
(170,000)
 
 
(286,000)
 
 
(706,000)
 
Disbursements for patents and other intangible assets
 
 
(602,000)
 
 
(242,000)
 
 
(1,220,000)
 
Net cash used in investing activities
 
 
(772,000)
 
 
(528,000)
 
 
(1,926,000)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock for cash,
    net of offering costs
 
 
39,000
 
 
11,200,000
 
 
14,921,000
 
Proceeds from issuance of short term promissory note
 
 
-
 
 
98,000
 
 
98,000
 
Principal payments on promissory notes
 
 
-
 
 
(146,000)
 
 
(146,000)
 
Net cash provided by financing activities
 
 
39,000
 
 
11,152,000
 
 
14,873,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
 
(4,038,000)
 
 
8,710,000
 
 
3,989,000
 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
 
 
8,027,000
 
 
930,000
 
 
-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 
$
3,989,000
 
$
9,640,000
 
$
3,989,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for interest
 
$
-
 
$
1,000
 
$
1,000
 
   
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company:
 
 
issued 30,000 shares of common stock valued at $150,000 to directors for services to be performed in 2013, and
 
issued 11,250 shares of common stock valued at $102,000 to a consultant for services to be performed from April to December 2013.
 
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, the Company:
 
 
issued warrants to purchase 345,000 shares of common stock valued at $128,000 as part of an underwriting fee related to the initial public offering,
 
issued 110,000 shares of common stock valued at $440,000 in partial satisfaction of an account payable,
 
issued 20,799 shares of common stock valued at $103,000 to directors for services performed from April to December 2012, and
 
issued 18,000 shares of common stock valued at $72,000 to a consultant for services performed in 2012.
 
 
During the period from inception (January 23, 2008) to September 30, 2013, exclusive of the above, the Company:
 
 
issued 263,637 shares of common stock valued at $580,000 and warrants to purchase 136,368 shares of common stock valued at $64,000 for issuance costs related to a common stock offering,
 
issued 454,547 shares of common stock valued at $1,000,000 to MDB Capital Group LLC for consulting services in 2011,
 
issued 52,375 shares of common stock valued at $115,000 to certain employees to partially satisfy compensation accrued at December 31, 2010,
 
issued 68,091 shares of common stock valued at $126,000 in order to discharge $99,000 of common stock to be issued at December 31, 2010 and pay rent for the eight months ended August 31, 2011,
 
issued 49,728 shares of common stock valued at $90,000 in order to discharge the common stock to be issued at December 31, 2010,
 
canceled 5,825 shares valued at $10,000 in order to partially discharge common stock to be issued at December 31, 2010,
 
made stock grants of 50,000 and 75,000 shares to an employee valued at $275,000 which is to be earned from July 2011 to September 2016,
 
swapped 860,000 shares of Class B common stock held by its founding shareholders for 1,075,000 shares of common stock,
 
converted a $46,000 account payable to a vendor and acquired a fixed asset valued at $2,000 through a $48,000 interest-bearing  promissory note retired in 2012,
 
issued 3,555 shares of common stock valued at $8,000 in partial satisfaction of an account payable,
 
issued 10,834 shares of common stock valued at $20,000 in exchange for equipment, and
 
issued 2,000 shares of common stock valued at $4,000 to a consultant for services performed in 2011.
   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
 
 
6

 
  ClearSign Combustion Corporation
(a Development Stage Company)
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements
   
Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business
 
ClearSign Combustion Corporation (ClearSign or the Company) is a development stage company located in Seattle, Washington and incorporated in the state of Washington on January 23, 2008. The Company was formed to design, develop and market technologies that improve both the energy efficiency and emission control characteristics of combustion systems. The Company’s primary technologies include its  Electrodynamic Combustion Control™ or ECC™ technology, which introduces a computer-controlled electric field into the combustion region which may better control gas-phase chemical reactions and improve system performance and cost-effectiveness, and its Duplex™ technology, which achieves very low emissions without the need of external flue gas recirculation, selective catalytic reduction, or higher excess air operation.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2012 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements.
 
In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all normal recurring and other adjustments necessary for a fair presentation. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire fiscal year or any other future periods.
 
Development Stage Enterprise
 
The Company is a development stage company as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 915, Development Stage Entities. The Company is devoting substantially all of its present efforts to design and develop new technologies in combustion systems and its planned principal operations have not yet commenced. The Company has not generated any significant revenues from operations and has no assurance of any future revenues. All losses accumulated since January 23, 2008 have been considered as part of the Company's development stage activities.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
The Company recognizes revenue on co-development agreements using the percentage completion method. Under this method, the completion percentage is determined by dividing costs incurred to date by total estimated project costs. Since these projects will require technological development to complete, which by its nature is difficult to predict, the actual cost required to complete contracted work may vary from estimates. Estimated project costs are revised regularly which can alter the reported level of project profitability. Any estimated project losses are recognized in the current reporting period. Customer billings are recorded when cash receipt is probable and in accordance with the underlying co-development contract. If billings exceed recognized revenue, the difference is recorded as a current liability, while any recognized revenues exceeding billings are recorded as a current asset. Recognized revenues are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion and actual revenue and cost become certain. Revisions in revenue estimates are reflected in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known.
 
 
7

 
Cost of Revenue
 
Cost of co-development revenue includes both direct and allocated indirect costs of completing the scope of work of co-development agreements. Direct costs include labor, materials and other costs incurred directly in fulfilling co-development agreements. Indirect costs include labor, rent, depreciation and other costs associated with operating the Company. Due to the nature of the work involved, the cost of co-development projects may fluctuate substantially from period to period.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
Highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Cash is maintained with a commercial bank where accounts are generally guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. The Company’s deposits may at times exceed this limit.
 
Fixed Assets
 
Fixed assets are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the life of the lease or their useful life, whichever is shorter. All other fixed assets are depreciated over thirty months to four years. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.
 
Patents and Trademarks
 
Patents and trademarks are recorded at cost. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets once they are awarded, which has not yet occurred.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
The Company tests long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the long-lived assets. Loss on long-lived assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that fair values are reduced for the cost of disposal. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $4,000 from abandonment of a capitalized patent. As of December 31, 2012, the Company determined that there was no impairment.
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether or not the inputs are observable in the market and the degree that the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial assets and liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
 
The Company's financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued expenses. As of the balance sheet dates, the estimated fair values of the financial instruments were not materially different from their carrying values as presented on the balance sheets. This is primarily attributed to the short maturities of these instruments. The Company did not identify any other non-recurring assets and liabilities that are required to be presented in the balance sheets at fair value.
 
 
8

 
Research and Development
 
The cost of research and development is expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist of salaries, benefits, share based compensation, consulting fees, rent, utilities, depreciation, and consumables.
 
Deferred Rent
 
Operating lease agreements which contain provisions for future rent increases or periods in which rent payments are reduced or abated are recorded in monthly rent expense in the amount of the total payments over the lease term divided by the number of months of the lease term. The difference between rent expense recorded and the amount paid is credited or charged to deferred rent which is reflected on the accompanying balance sheet.
 
Income Taxes
 
The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach which allows for the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain.
Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
The costs of all employee stock options, as well as other equity-based compensation arrangements, are reflected in the financial statements based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the grant date. That cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Stock compensation for stock granted to non-employees is determined as the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured.
 
Stock Issuance Costs
 
Stock issuance costs are recorded as a reduction of the related proceeds through a charge to stockholders’ equity.
 
Common Stock
 
The Company records common stock issuances when all of the legal requirements for the issuance of such common stock have been satisfied.
 
Net Loss per Common Share
 
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include additional common shares available upon exercise of stock options and warrants using the treasury stock method, except for periods for which no common share equivalents are included because their effect would be anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive shares outstanding amounted to 1,107,324 and 920,743 at September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
 
 
9

 
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective standards, if adopted, will have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Emerging Growth Company
 
The Company is an emerging growth company as defined under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (JOBS Act) An emerging growth company may delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company will remain an emerging growth company until December 31, 2017, although it will lose that status sooner if its revenues exceed $1 billion, if it issues more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three year period, or if the market value of its common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30. At June 30, 2013, the market value of its common stock that is held by non-affiliates totaled $60 million.

Note 3 – Fixed Assets
 
Fixed assets are summarized as follows:
 
 
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
Machinery and equipment
 
$
596,000
 
$
444,000
 
Office furniture and equipment
 
 
91,000
 
 
71,000
 
Leasehold improvements
 
 
30,000
 
 
29,000
 
Accumulated depreciation
 
 
(311,000)
 
 
(157,000)
 
 
 
 
406,000
 
 
387,000
 
Construction in progress
 
 
10,000
 
 
13,000
 
 
 
$
416,000
 
$
400,000
 

Note 4 – Stockholders’ Equity
 
Common Stock and Preferred Stock
 
The Company is authorized to issue 62,500,000 shares of common stock and 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Preferences, limitations, voting powers and relative rights of any preferred stock to be issued may be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company has not issued any shares of preferred stock.
 
In April and May 2012, the Company completed an initial public offering (IPO) whereby 3,450,000 shares of common stock were issued at $4.00 per share, which included the exercise of the overallotment allowance by the underwriter, MDB Capital Group LLC (MDB). Gross proceeds from the IPO totaled $13.8 million and net cash proceeds approximated $11.2 million. Expenses of the offering approximated $2.7 million, including underwriter fees of $1.2 million paid to MDB along with a warrant to purchase 345,000 shares of ClearSign’s common stock at $5.00 per share exercisable from April 2013 to April 2017 and valued at $128,000, qualified independent underwriter fees of $110,000, underwriter legal fees of $125,000, underwriter expenses of $35,000, and issuer legal fees of $822,000, which was paid in part through the issuance of 110,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to its legal counsel at a price of $4.00 per share.   
 
Equity Incentive Plan
 
The Company has an Equity Incentive Plan (the Plan) which provides for the granting of options to purchase shares of common stock, stock awards to purchase shares at no less than 85% of the value of the shares, and stock bonuses to officers, employees, board members, consultants, and advisors. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors is authorized to administer the Plan and establish the grant terms, including the grant price, vesting period and exercise date. As of September 30, 2013, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Plan totaled 989,559 shares. The Plan provides for quarterly increases in the available number of authorized shares equal to the lesser of 10% of any new shares issued by the Company during the quarter immediately prior to the adjustment date or such lesser amount as the Board of Directors shall determine. 
 
 
10

 
In January 2013, the Company granted 203,990 stock options under the Plan to certain employees. The stock options have an exercise price of $4.88 per share, the grant date fair value, a contractual life of 10 years, and vest over four years. The fair value of stock options granted in January 2013 estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model was $302,000. The recognized compensation expense associated with these grants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 was $19,000 and $57,000, respectively. The following weighted-average assumptions were utilized in the calculation of the fair value of the stock options:
 
Expected life
6.25 years
 
Weighted average volatility
33%
 
Forfeiture rate
13%
 
Weighted average risk-free interest rate
1.29%
 
Expected dividend rate
-
 
 
In January 2013, the Company granted 30,000 shares of common stock from the Plan to its three independent directors in accordance with agreements for board service in 2013. The fair value of the stock at the time of grant was $5.00 per share for a total value of $150,000 which the Company will recognize in general and administrative expense on a quarterly basis in 2013, including $37,000 and $112,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively.
 
Outstanding stock option grants at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 totaled 563,365 and 359,375 with 305,636 and 242,188 being vested and exercisable at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Stock grants made to date through September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 totaled 175,799 shares and 145,799 shares, respectively. Of these amounts, 48,000 and 60,000 at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, are subject to declining repurchase rights by the Company at $0.0001 per share through September 30, 2016. The recognized compensation expense associated with these grants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the period from inception (January 23, 2008) to September 30, 2013 totaled $35,000, $110,000, $20,000, $115,000, and $432,000, respectively. At September 30, 2013, the number of shares reserved under the Plan but unissued totaled 250,395. At September 30, 2013, there was $393,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share based compensation arrangements granted under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.
 
Consultant Stock Plan
 
On May 2, 2013, the shareholders approved the 2013 Consultant Stock Plan (the Consultant Plan) which provides for the granting of shares of common stock to consultants who provide services related to capital raising, investor relations, and making a market in or promoting the Company’s securities. The Company’s officers, employees, and board members are not entitled to receive grants from the Consultant Plan. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors is authorized to administer the Consultant Plan and establish the grant terms. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the Consultant Plan on the date of adoption of May 2, 2013 and September 30, 2013 totaled 75,000 and 75,113 shares, respectively. The Consultant Plan provides for quarterly increases in the available number of authorized shares equal to the lesser of 1% of any new shares issued by the Company during the quarter immediately prior to the adjustment date or such lesser amount as the Board of Directors shall determine.  The Company granted 11,250 shares from the Consultant Plan to a consultant for 2013 services. The fair value of the stock at the time of grant was $9.12 per share for a total value of $102,000 which the Company will recognize in general and administrative expense on a quarterly basis over the remainder of 2013. The Consultant Plan expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 was $34,000 and $68,000, respectively.
 
 
11

 
Warrants
 
The Company has the following warrants outstanding at September 30, 2013:
 
 
 
 
Total Outstanding Warrants
 
Exercise Price
 
Warrants
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 
Life
(in years)
 
$
1.80
 
80,000
 
$
1.80
 
7.39
 
$
2.20
 
118,959
 
$
2.20
 
2.61
 
$
5.00
 
345,000
 
$
5.00
 
3.57
 
 
 
 
543,959
 
$
3.92
 
 
 
 
In August 2013, a warrant to purchase 17,409 shares of common stock at $2.20 per share was exercised whereby the Company received $39,000 in proceeds.

Note 5 – Related Party Transactions
 
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the period from inception (January 23, 2008) to September 30, 2013, the Company incurred consulting fees of $30,000, $90,000, $30,000, $90,000 and $389,000, respectively, to the Alternative Energy Resource Alliance, a non-profit organization whose executive director is David Goodson. In exchange, Mr. Goodson provides services as the Company’s Chief Science Officer. Mr. Goodson is a director and co-founder of the Company and, through an irrevocable trust, a significant beneficial owner of the Company's common stock.

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies
 
The Company has a triple net lease for office and laboratory space for the period November 2011 to February 2017. Under the terms of the lease, the Company paid no rent for the period November 2011 to February 2012. Rent payments commenced in March 2012 and rent escalates annually by 3%. The Company records monthly rent expense equal to the total of the payments over the lease term divided by the number of months of the lease term. Therefore, rent expense of $18,000 was accrued for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 the deferred rent was reduced by $2,000. Under the terms of the lease, the Company also pays triple net operating costs which currently approximate $2,000 per month. Minimum future payments under the lease at September 30, 2013 are as follows:
 
2013
 
$
27,000
 
2014
 
 
111,000
 
2015
 
 
115,000
 
2016
 
 
118,000
 
2017
 
 
20,000
 
 
 
$
391,000
 
 
For the three and nine months ended September 30 2013 and 2012 and for the period from inception (January 23, 2008) to September 30, 2013, rent expense amounted to $34,000, $101,000, $34,000, $103,000 and $374,000, respectively.
 
Effective January 1, 2012, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement (the Agreement) with Richard Rutkowski, its Chief Executive Officer. Unless earlier terminated, the Agreement will continue for a term of three years. Compensation includes an annual salary of $355,000 with annual cost-of-living adjustments, annual cash and equity bonuses based on performance standards established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, medical and dental benefits for Mr. Rutkowski and his family, disability insurance, and term life insurance for the benefit of his dependents. Mr. Rutkowski’s employment may be terminated by the Company without cause under certain circumstances, as defined in the Agreement. If Mr. Rutkowski’s employment is terminated without cause, a severance payment would be due in the amount of compensation that would have been due had his employment not been terminated or one year of the current annual compensation, whichever is greater.
 
 
12

 
The Company has agreements with its three independent directors to compensate them annually after the Company’s common stock commenced trading publicly. The obligation totals $300,000 per year of which $150,000 is to be paid with the Company’s common stock at fair value.
 
The Company’s former legal advisors, Perkins Coie LLP, previously advised the Company in March 2012 that they believe TWB Investment Partnership II, L.P., a party related to Perkins Coie LLP, has the right to acquire 25,250 shares of the Company’s common stock at $0.02 per share pursuant to an engagement letter dated December 4, 2007. The claim was denied since, among other defenses, management believes it entered into a full settlement of all amounts owed to Perkins Coie LLP in November 2011. There has been no further communication with Perkins Coie LLP regarding the matter since March 2012.
 
 
13

 
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND OTHER INFORMATION
CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT
 
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and the provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may,” or other similar expressions in this report. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, prospective products, applications, customers, technologies, future performance or results of anticipated products, expenses, and financial results. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
 
 
our limited cash and our history of losses;
 
our ability to achieve profitability;
 
our limited operating history;
 
emerging competition and rapidly advancing technology in our industry that may outpace our technology;
 
customer demand for the products and services we develop;
 
the impact of competitive or alternative products, technologies and pricing;
 
our ability to manufacture any products we develop;
 
general economic conditions and events and the impact they may have on us and our potential customers;
 
our ability to obtain adequate financing in the future;
 
our ability to continue as a going concern;
 
our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items; and
 
other factors discussed in this report.
 
The forward-looking statements are based upon management’s beliefs and assumptions and are made as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included in this report. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
 
 
14

 
ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our audited financial statements and related notes included in our annual report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis here and throughout this Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.
 
OVERVIEW
 
We are a development stage company located in Seattle, Washington. We were formed to design, develop and market technologies that improve both the energy efficiency and emission control characteristics of combustion systems. The Company’s primary technologies include its Electrodynamic Combustion Control™ or ECC™ technology, which introduces a computer-controlled electric field into the combustion region which may better control gas-phase chemical reactions and improve system performance and cost-effectiveness, and its Duplex™ technology, which achieves very low emissions without the need of external flue gas recirculation, selective catalytic reduction, or higher excess air operation. To date, our operations have been funded primarily through sales of our common stock. We have earned no significant revenue since inception on January 23, 2008.
 
Plan of Operation
 
We are pursuing development of our technology to enable future sales. These activities entail laboratory research, where we have successfully demonstrated our proprietary technology operating in our research facility with thermal output of 1,000,000 BTUs per hour, and business development and marketing activities with established manufacturers and other entities that use boilers, solid fuel burners, refinery heaters, and other combustion systems. We intend to enter into collaborative arrangements which would enable us to work closely with established companies in specific industries to apply developed solutions in laboratory and field settings. In April and July 2013, we announced our intention to enter into development agreements  in phased projects  with companies engaged in solid fuel combustion to develop solutions based on our ECC technology. Based upon our letter of intent and customer instruction, we commenced the first phase of a project prior to the execution of a definitive agreement and have received $50,000 of compensation in the quarter ended September 30, 2013. However, there is no assurance that additional revenues will be realized, terms will be reached, or a final agreement executed.
 
In April and May 2012, we completed an initial public offering (IPO) of our common stock whereby we sold 3,450,000 shares of common stock at $4.00 per share, which included the exercise of the underwriter’s overallotment option, resulting in gross proceeds of $13.8 million and, after reflecting certain costs paid with common stock, net proceeds of $11.6 million. The net proceeds have been used as follows through September 30, 2013: approximately $3,000,000 for the purchase of short-term certificates of deposit, $958,000 increased cash and money market funds, $5,740,000 for operations, $482,000 for capital expenditures primarily related to research and development machinery and equipment, $1,092,000 for patents, $238,000 for the payment of accrued compensation, and $129,000 for the repayment of short term indebtedness. We expect the net proceeds from the IPO to be sufficient to fund our activities at least through April 2014. Our anticipated costs include employee salaries and benefits, compensation paid to consultants, capital costs for research and other equipment, costs associated with development activities including travel and administration, legal expenses, sales and marketing costs, general and administrative expenses, and other costs associated with an early stage, publicly-traded technology company. We currently have 13 full-time employees and anticipate continuing to increase the number of employees as required in the areas of research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative functions required to support our efforts. We expect to incur consulting expenses related to technology development commensurate with our current levels and we expect to incur increasing expenses to protect our intellectual property.  We expect capital expenditures to be between $0.5 and $1.0 million annually, but these are highly dependent on the nature of the operations where co-development activities are ongoing.
 
 The amount that we spend for any specific purpose may vary significantly, and could depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the pace of progress of our commercialization and development efforts, actual needs with respect to product testing, development and research, market conditions, and changes in or revisions to our marketing strategies.
 
 
15

 
Research and development of new technologies is, by its nature, unpredictable.  Although we will undertake development efforts with commercially reasonable diligence, there can be no assurance that the net proceeds from the IPO will be sufficient to enable us to develop our technology to the extent needed to create future sales to sustain operations.  If the net proceeds from the IPO are insufficient for this purpose, we will consider other options to continue our path to commercialization, including, but not limited to: additional financing through follow-on stock offerings, debt financing, co-development agreements, sale or licensing of developed intellectual or other property, or other alternatives.
 
If management is unable to implement its proposed business plan or employ alternative financing strategies, it does not presently have any alternative proposals. In that case, we may be required to scale back our development plans by reducing expenditures for employees, consultants, business development and marketing efforts, and other envisioned expenditures or curtail or even suspend our operations.   
 
We cannot assure that our technology will be accepted, that we will ever earn revenues sufficient to support our operations, or that we will ever be profitable. Furthermore, we have no committed source of financing and we cannot assure that we will be able to raise money as and when we need it to continue our operations. If we cannot raise funds as and when we need them, we may be required to severely curtail, or even to cease, our operations.
 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment by our management or can be materially affected by changes from period to period in economic factors or conditions that are outside of our control. As a result, they are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. In applying these policies, our management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, the terms of existing contracts, our observance of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. See Note 2 to our unaudited condensed financial statements for a more complete description of our significant accounting policies.
 
Development Stage Enterprise. The Company is a development stage company as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 915, Development Stage Entities. The Company is devoting substantially all of its present efforts to design and develop new technologies in combustion systems and its planned principal operations have not yet commenced. The Company has not generated any significant revenues from operations and has no assurance of any future revenues. All losses accumulated since January 23, 2008 have been considered as part of the Company's development stage activities.
 
Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue on co-development agreements using the percentage completion method. Under this method, the completion percentage is determined by dividing costs incurred to date by total estimated project costs. Since our projects will require technological development to complete, which by its nature is difficult to predict, the actual cost required to complete contracted work may vary from estimates. Estimated project costs are revised regularly which can alter the reported level of project profitability. Any estimated project losses are recognized in the current reporting period. Customer billings are recorded when cash receipt is probable and in accordance with the underlying co-development contract. If billings exceed recognized revenue, the difference is recorded as a current liability, while any recognized revenues exceeding billings are recorded as a current asset. Recognized revenues are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion and actual revenue and cost become certain. Revisions in revenue estimates are reflected in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known.
 
Cost of Revenue. Cost of co-development revenue includes both direct and allocated indirect costs of completing the scope of work of co-development agreements. Direct costs include labor, materials and other costs incurred directly in fulfilling co-development agreements. Indirect costs include labor, rent, depreciation and other costs associated with operating the Company. Due to the nature of the work involved, the cost of co-development projects may fluctuate substantially from period to period.
 
 
16

 
Research and Development. The cost of research and development is expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist of salaries, benefits, share based compensation, consulting fees, rent, utilities, depreciation, and consumables.
 
Stock-Based Compensation. The costs of all employee stock options, as well as other equity-based compensation arrangements, are reflected in the financial statements based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the grant date. That cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Stock compensation for stock granted to non-employees is determined as the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured.
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether or not the inputs are observable in the market and the degree that the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial assets and liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
 
The Company's financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued expenses. As of the balance sheet dates, the estimated fair values of the financial instruments were not materially different from their carrying values as presented on the balance sheets. This is primarily attributed to the short maturities of these instruments. The Company did not identify any other non-recurring assets and liabilities that are required to be presented in the balance sheets at fair value.
 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ending September 30, 2013 and 2012 
 
Revenue, Cost of Revenue, and Gross Profit. The Company reported its first revenue in the quarter ended September 30, 2013. The $50,000 of revenue resulted from a solid fuel burner co-development project and resulted in a gross profit of $16,000.
 
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses, consisting of research and development (R&D) and general and administrative (G&A) expenses, increased by approximately $239,000 to $1,381,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 (Q3 2013) compared to the same period in 2012 (Q3 2012). The Company increased its R&D expenses by $139,000 to $470,000 for Q3 2013. R&D expenses rose primarily due to increased compensation of $92,000 related to increased personnel levels, increased consumables and testing materials cost of $59,000, and increased depreciation expense of $21,000, offset by a decrease in consulting expense of $41,000. G&A expenses increased by $100,000 to $911,000 in Q3 2013 resulting primarily from $51,000 from increased personnel levels and $73,000 of increased marketing costs, offset by a decrease in intellectual property consulting expense of $27,000.
 
Operating expenses increased by $1,119,000 to $4,151,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same period in 2012. The Company increased its R&D expenses by $579,000 to $1,466,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. R&D expenses rose due primarily to increased compensation of $363,000 related to increased personnel levels, increased consumables and testing materials cost of $182,000, and increased depreciation expense of $87,000, offset by a decrease in consulting expense of $111,000. G&A expenses increased by $540,000 to $2,685,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 resulting primarily from the expense of operating as a public company which increased by $320,000 since the Company completed its IPO in April 2012. Further, G&A expenses increased $74,000 from increased personnel levels and $137,000 from increased marketing costs.
 
Loss from Operations. Due to the increase in operating expenses, our loss from operations increased during Q3 2013 by $223,000 to $1,365,000 and increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 by $1,103,000 to $4,135,000.
  
 
17

 
Net Loss. Primarily as a result of the increase in operating expenses, our net loss for Q3 2013 was $1,362,000 as compared to a net loss of $1,132,000 for Q3 2012, resulting in an increased net loss of $230,000, and our net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was $4,125,000 as compared to a net loss of $3,017,000 for Q3 2012, resulting in an increased net loss of $1,108,000. 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
At September 30, 2013, our cash and cash equivalent balance totaled $3,989,000 compared to $8,027,000 at December 31, 2012. This cash reduction reflected our continued costs in research and development of our technology to enable future sales. We expect this sum to be sufficient to fund our activities at least through April 2014. Although we are pursuing co-development agreements, there is no assurance that they will be adequate to fund our operations and to commercialize our technology. To the extent co-development agreement funding is insufficient to raise adequate funds, we may undertake offerings of our securities, debt financing, selling or licensing our developed intellectual or other property, or other alternatives. In that regard, the Company filed a Form S-3 shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on May 6, 2013 that was declared effective on May 30, 2013. The registration statement allows the Company to offer up to an aggregate of thirty million dollars of common stock, preferred stock or warrants from time to time as market conditions permit. This equity funding would be used to enable further investment in our technology and product development and to maintain a strong balance sheet as we pursue strategic joint development and marketing relationships and prepare to pursue significant opportunities in various segments of the market. This information does not constitute an offer of any securities for sale.
 
At September 30, 2013, our current assets were in excess of current liabilities resulting in working capital of $3,303,000 compared to $7,643,000 at December 31, 2012.
 
Operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 resulted in cash outflows of $3,305,000 which were due primarily to the loss for the period of $4,125,000, offset by net changes in working capital, exclusive of cash, of $373,000 related primarily to an increase in accrued compensation, services paid with common stock and stock options of $291,000, and other non-cash expenses of $156,000. Operating cash outflows for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 of $1,914,000 were primarily due to the loss for the period of $3,017,000, offset by net changes in working capital, exclusive of cash, of $790,000 related primarily to capitalized costs associated with our IPO and an increase in accrued compensation, $235,000 of services paid with common stock and stock options, and other non-cash expenses of $78,000.
 
Investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 resulted in cash outflows of $772,000 for acquisition of fixed assets and development of patents and other intangible assets. Investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 resulted in cash outflows of approximately $528,000 for acquisition of fixed assets and development of patents and other intangible assets.
 
Financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 resulted in $39,000 of cash inflows from the exercise of a warrant to purchase 17,409 common shares of stock at $2.20 per share. Financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 resulted in $11,152,000 of cash inflows from the IPO of approximately $11,200,000 offset by extinguishment of debt totaling $48,000 from the IPO proceeds.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Transactions
 
We do not have any off-balance sheet transactions.
 
Trends, Events and Uncertainties
 
Our former legal advisors, Perkins Coie LLP, previously advised us in March 2012 that they believe TWB Investment Partnership II, L.P., a party related to Perkins Coie LLP, has the right to acquire 25,250 shares of our common stock at $0.02 per share pursuant to an engagement letter dated December 4, 2007. We denied the claim since, among other defenses, we believe we entered into a full settlement of all amounts owed to Perkins Coie LLP in November 2011. There has been no further communication with Perkins Coie LLP regarding the matter since March 2012.
 
 
18

 
ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
As a smaller reporting company we are not required to provide this information. 
 
ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”) is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that, as of September 30, 2013, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
 
There have been no material changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
 
PART II-OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
 
We incorporate herein by reference the risk factors included under Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 which we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 22, 2013.
 
ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
In November 2011 we filed a registration statement, number 333-177946, with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register an offering of 3 million shares of our common stock, with an option granted to the underwriter to sell an additional 450,000 shares of our common stock (the “overallotment”).  The registration statement was declared effective on April 24, 2012. The offering closed on April 30, 2012 and the offering of the overallotment closed on May 15, 2012. The common stock was offered at a price of $4.00 per share. All of the shares of common stock, including the overallotment, were sold. We raised a total of $13,800,000 in gross proceeds in the offering and received approximately $11,200,000 after expenses. Through September 30, 2013, the net proceeds from the offering were used as follows: approximately $3,000,000 for the purchase of short-term certificates of deposit, $958,000 increased cash and money market funds, $5,740,000 for operations, $482,000 for capital expenditures primarily related to research and development machinery and equipment, $1,092,000 for patents, $238,000 for the payment of accrued compensation, and $129,000 for the repayment of short term indebtedness. None of the proceeds were used for construction of plant, building and facilities, the purchase of real estate, or the acquisition of any business.
 
ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
Not applicable 
 
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION
 
Not applicable.
 
 
19

 
ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit
Number
 
Document
 
 
 
3.1
 
Articles of Incorporation of ClearSign Combustion Corporation, amended on February 2, 2011 (1)
 
 
 
3.1.1
 
Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of ClearSign Combustion Corporation filed on December 22, 2011 (1)
 
 
 
3.2
 
Bylaws (1)
 
 
 
31.1
 
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer*
 
 
 
31.2
 
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer*
 
 
 
32.1
 
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer*
 
 
 
101
 
The following financial statements from the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, formatted in XBRL: (i) Condensed Balance Sheets (Unaudited); (ii) Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited); (iii) Condensed Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited); (iv) Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited); (v) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements.*
 
*Filed herewith
 
(1) Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s registration statement on Form S-1, as amended, file number 333-177946, originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 14, 2011.
 
 
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SIGNATURES
 
In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
CLEARSIGN COMBUSTION CORPORATION
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
Date: November 11, 2013
By:
/s/ Richard F. Rutkowski
 
 
Richard F. Rutkowski
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ James N. Harmon
 
 
James N. Harmon
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
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