bir10q33108.htm

United States
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-Q

 
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008
 
or
 
           TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
_____________________
 
Commission File number 001-31659
 
Berkshire Income Realty, Inc.




Maryland
 
32-0024337
   
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I. R. S. Employer Identification No.)
   
         
One Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts
 
02108
   
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
   
         
 
                                                      (617) 523-7722
   
 
                          (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
   



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.      Yes x    No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a small reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act .

Large Accelerated Filer                                                                                                        Accelerated Filer                                                                                
Non-accelerated Filer   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  x                  Smaller reporting company

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes x  No

There were 1,406,196 shares of Class B common stock outstanding as of May 14, 2008.


 
1

 



   
BERKSHIRE INCOME REALTY, INC.
   
         
         
   
TABLE OF CONTENTS
   
ITEM NO.
     
PAGE NO.
         
PART I
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
   
         
Item 1.
 
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED):
   
         
   
Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007
 
3
         
   
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007
 
4
         
   
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity / (Deficit) for the three months ended March 31, 2008
 
5
         
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007
 
6
         
   
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
8
         
Item 2.
 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
16
         
Item 3.
 
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
28
         
Item 4T
 
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
28
         
PART II
 
OTHER INFORMATION
   
         
Item 1.
 
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
29
         
Item 1 A.
 
RISK FACTORS
 
29
         
Item 2.
 
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
29
         
Item 3.
 
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
30
         
Item 4.
 
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
 
30
         
Item 5.
 
OTHER INFORMATION
 
30
         
Item 6.
 
EXHIBITS
 
30







 
2

 

             Part I                                                FINANCIAL INFORMATION
             Item 1.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BERKSHIRE INCOME REALTY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited)

   
March 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
ASSETS
           
Multifamily apartment communities, net of accumulated depreciation of $152,697,261 and $144,240,061, respectively
  $ 459,657,082     $ 464,265,061  
Cash and cash equivalents
    11,465,069       22,479,937  
Cash restricted for tenant security deposits
    1,966,687       1,953,503  
Replacement reserve escrow
    8,338,711       7,760,738  
Prepaid expenses and other assets
    10,094,303       11,026,329  
Investment in Multifamily Venture and Limited Partnership Venture
    16,264,888       16,794,450  
Acquired in place leases and tenant relationships, net of accumulated amortization of $7,202,539 and $7,136,556, respectively
    135,019       201,002  
Deferred expenses, net of accumulated amortization of $1,168,389 and $1,045,194, respectively
    3,755,639       3,581,610  
Total assets
  $ 511,677,398     $ 528,062,630  
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY / (DEFICIT)
               
                 
Liabilities:
               
Mortgage notes payable
  $ 505,637,410     $ 506,903,882  
Due to affiliates
    2,187,214       1,952,547  
Dividend and distributions payable
    1,837,607       1,837,607  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
    7,174,386       13,351,402  
Tenant security deposits
    1,920,065       1,955,389  
Total liabilities
    518,756,682       526,000,827  
                 
Commitments and contingencies
    -       -  
                 
Minority interest in properties
    -       -  
                 
Minority common interest in Operating Partnership
    -       -  
                 
Stockholders’ equity / (deficit):
               
Series A 9% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, no par value, $25 stated value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, 2,978,110 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
    70,210,830       70,210,830  
Class A common stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
    -       -  
Class B common stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, 1,406,196 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
    14,062       14,062  
Excess stock, $.01 par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
    -       -  
Accumulated deficit
    (77,304,176 )     (68,163,089 )
                 
Total stockholders’ equity / (deficit)
    (7,079,284 )     2,061,803  
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity / (deficit)
  $ 511,677,398     $ 528,062,630  


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.



 
3

 

BERKSHIRE INCOME REALTY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited)

   
For the three months ended
 
   
March 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Revenue:
           
Rental
  $ 20,242,810     $ 18,889,523  
Interest
    189,074       196,392  
Utility reimbursement
    434,573       221,383  
Other
    825,021       729,720  
Total revenue
    21,691,478       20,037,018  
                 
Expenses:
               
Operating
    5,829,250       5,748,649  
Maintenance
    1,306,787       1,137,040  
Real estate taxes
    2,528,318       2,079,242  
General and administrative
    847,567       803,320  
Management fees
    1,255,919       1,199,372  
Depreciation
    8,457,200       7,495,802  
Interest
    7,146,072       6,230,864  
Amortization of acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships
    65,983       371,238  
Total expenses
    27,437,096       25,065,527  
                 
Loss before minority interest in properties, equity in loss of Multifamily Limited Partnership, minority common interest in Operating Partnership and loss from discontinued operations
    (5,745,618 )     (5,028,509 )
                 
Minority interest in properties
    (187,344 )     (223,614 )
                 
Equity in loss of Multifamily Limited Partnership
    (529,563 )     (608,230 )
                 
Minority common interest in Operating Partnership
    (976,100 )     (976,100 )
                 
Net loss from continuing operations
    (7,438,625 )     (6,836,453 )
                 
Discontinued operations:
               
    Loss from discontinued operations
    (3,366 )     (71,079 )
Loss from discontinued operations
    (3,366 )     (71,079 )
                 
Net income (loss)
  $ (7,441,991 )   $ (6,907,532 )
                 
Preferred dividend
    (1,675,196 )     (1,675,198 )
                 
Net loss available to common shareholders
  $ (9,117,187 )   $ (8,582,730 )
                 
Net loss from continuing operations per common share, basic and diluted
  $ (6.48 )   $ (6.05 )
                 
Net loss from discontinued operations per common share, basic and diluted
  $ 0.00     $ (0.05 )
                 
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
  $ (6.48 )   $ (6.10 )
                 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted
    1,406,196       1,406,196  
                 
Dividend declared per common share
  $ 0.00     $ 0.00  









The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 
4

 

BERKSHIRE INCOME REALTY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY / (DEFICIT)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2008
(unaudited)

                                 
Total
 
                           
Accumulated
   
Stockholders’
 
   
Series A Preferred Stock
   
Class B Common Stock
   
Deficit
   
Equity (Deficit)
 
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Shares
   
Amount
             
                                     
Balance at December 31, 2007
    2,978,110     $ 70,210,830       1,406,196     $ 14,062     $ (68,163,089 )   $ 2,061,803  
                                                 
 
Net loss
    -       -       -       -       (7,441,991 )     (7,441,991 )
                                                 
Distributions to common shareholders
    -       -       -       -       (23,900 )     (23,900 )
                                                 
Distributions to preferred shareholders
    -       -       -       -       (1,675,196 )     (1,675,196 )
                                                 
Balance at March 31, 2008
    2,978,110     $ 70,210,830       1,406,196     $ 14,062     $ (77,304,176 )   $ (7,079,284 )



























The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.











 
5

 

BERKSHIRE INCOME REALTY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)

   
For the three months ended March 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
           
     Net loss
  $ (7,441,991 )   $ (6,907,532 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
     Amortization of deferred financing costs
    123,197       118,290  
     Amortization of acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships
    65,983       371,239  
     Depreciation
    8,457,200       7,778,788  
     Minority interest in properties
    187,344       223,614  
     Equity in loss of Multifamily Venture and Limited Partnership Venture
    529,563       608,230  
     Minority common interest in Operating Partnership
    976,100       976,100  
     Changes in assets and liabilities:
               
          Tenant security deposits, net
    (48,508 )     (54,883 )
          Prepaid expenses and other assets
    590,776       236,324  
          Due to/from affiliates
    234,667       132,809  
          Accrued expenses and other liabilities
    (5,793,145 )     (2,046,254 )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
    (2,118,814 )     1,436,725  
                 
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
Capital improvements
    (4,233,092 )     (2,440,787 )
Acquisition of multifamily apartment communities
    -       (20,674,645 )
Earnest money deposits on future acquisitions
    -       750,000  
Deposits to replacement reserve
    (558,316 )     (52,253 )
Interest earned on replacement reserve deposits
    (19,657 )     -  
Investment in Multifamily Venture and Limited Partnership Venture
    -       (1,750,187 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (4,811,065 )     (24,167,872 )
                 
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
Borrowings from mortgage notes payable
    -       7,050,000  
Principal payments on mortgage notes payable
    (1,266,472 )     (847,917 )
Borrowings from revolving credit facility – affiliate
    -       20,000,000  
Good faith deposits on mortgage notes payable
    341,250       564,500  
Deferred financing costs
    (297,227 )     (117,260 )
Distributions to minority interest in properties
    (187,344 )     (223,614 )
Distributions on common operating partnership units
    (1,000,000 )     (1,000,000 )
Distributions to preferred shareholders
    (1,675,196 )     (1,675,198 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    (4,084,989 )     23,750,511  
                 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (11,014,868 )     1,019,364  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    22,479,937       15,393,249  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 11,465,069     $ 16,412,613  
                 
                 
Supplemental disclosure:
               
Cash paid for interest
  $ 8,421,476     $ 6,506,940  
                 
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
               
Capital improvements included in accrued expenses and other liabilities
  $ 81,622     $ 86,276  
Dividends declared and payable to preferred shareholders
    837,607       837,607  
    Dividends and distributions declared and payable on common operating partnership units and shares
    1,000,000       1,000,000  



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 


 
6

 

 
BERKSHIRE INCOME REALTY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(unaudited)

     For the three months ended March 31,  
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
Acquisition of multifamily apartment communities:
           
             
Assets purchased:
           
Multifamily apartment communities
  $ -     $ (20,779,690 )
Prepaid expenses and other assets
    -       (54,084 )
Acquired in place leases and tenant relationships
    -       (318,093 )
   Liabilities assumed:
               
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    -       318,830  
Tenant security deposits
    -       158,392  
   Net cash used for acquisition of multifamily apartment communities
  $ -     $ (20,674,645 )




The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 

 

 

 

 


 
7

 

 
BERKSHIRE INCOME REALTY, INC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
 

 
1.
ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
 

 
Berkshire Income Realty, Inc., (the “Company”), a Maryland corporation, was incorporated on July 19, 2002 and 100 Class B common shares were issued upon organization.  The Company is in the business of acquiring, owning, operating and rehabilitating multifamily apartment communities.  As of March 31, 2008, the Company owned, or had an interest in, 27 multifamily apartment communities consisting of a total 7,869 apartment units.
 

 
Discussion of acquisitions for the three months ended March 31, 2008
 
The Company did not acquire any properties during the three months period ended March 31, 2008
 

Discussion of dispositions for the three months ended March 31, 2008

The Company did not dispose of any properties during the three month period ended March 31, 2008.

 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157 “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”).   SFAS No. 157 provides guidance for, among other things, the definition of fair value and the methods used to measure fair value. The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. In February 2008, the FASB deferred the effective date of SFAS No. 157 until January 1, 2009 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.  The Company adopted SFAS No. 157 as of January 1, 2008.  The Company has assessed the impact of SFAS No. 157 and has determined that the adoption of SFAS No. 157 did not have a material impact on the financial position or operating results of the Company.
 
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115” (“SFAS No. 159”).   SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value.  The provisions of SFAS No. 159 are effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company adopted SFAS No. 159 as of January 1, 2008 and has not opted to fair value any assets or liabilities as of March 31, 2008.  The Company has assessed the impact of SFAS No. 159 and, based on not fair valuing any assets or liabilities as of March 31, 2008, has determined that the adoption of SFAS No. 159 did not have a material impact on the financial position or operating results of the Company.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (“SFAS 141R”), which is intended to improve reporting by creating greater consistency in the accounting and financial reporting of business combinations.  SFAS No. 141R establishes principles and requirements for how the acquiring entity shall recognize and measure in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity and goodwill acquired in a business combination.  This statement is effective for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008.  The Company is assessing the potential impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 141R may have on its financial position and results of operations.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment of ARB No. 51 (“SFAS No. 160”), which is intended to improve the relevance, comparability, and transparency of financial information provided to investors by establishing and expanding accounting and reporting standards for minority interests in a subsidiary.  This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008.  The Company is currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 160 may have on its financial position and results of operations.

 
8

 


 
Unaudited interim consolidated financial statements

The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements of the Company are unaudited; however, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, certain disclosures accompanying annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP are omitted. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring matters) necessary for a fair statement for the interim periods have been included. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for other interim periods or for the full fiscal year. The interim financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.

Consolidated statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, comprehensive loss equaled net loss.  Therefore, the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and Loss required to be presented has been omitted from the consolidated financial statements.

 
Reclassifications
 
 
Certain prior period balances have been reclassified in order to conform to the current period presentation.
 


2.  
MULTIFAMILY APARTMENT COMMUNITIES

The following summarizes the carrying value of the Company’s multifamily apartment communities:

   
March 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
Land
  $ 63,650,983     $ 63,636,289  
Buildings, improvements and personal property
    548,703,360       544,868,833  
                 
Multifamily apartment communities
    612,354,343       608,505,122  
Accumulated depreciation
    (152,697,261 )     (144,240,061 )
                 
Multifamily apartment communities, net
  $ 459,657,082     $ 464,265,061  
 

The Company accounts for its acquisitions of investments in real estate in accordance with SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations, which requires the fair value of the real estate acquired to be allocated to the acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of the above-market and below-market leases, the value of in-place leases and the value of other tenant relationships, based in each case on their fair values.  The value of in-place leases and tenant relationships are amortized over the specific expiration dates of the in-place leases over a period of 12 months and the tenant relationships are based on the straight-line method of amortization over a 24-month period.

Discontinued Operations

On May 30, 2007 and June 22, 2007, the Company’s operating partnership, Berkshire Income Realty – OP, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”), completed the sale of 100% of the fee simple interest of the Trellis at Lee’s Mill (“Trellis”) and the Dorsey’s Forge  (“Dorsey’s) properties, respectively.  The assets and liabilities related to the sale of the properties were removed from the accounts of the Company pursuant to the recording of the sale of the property.
 

The results of operations for Trellis and Dorsey’s Forge properties have been restated and are presented as results from discontinued operations in the statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, pursuant to FASB 144 – Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.

 
9

 



The operating results of discontinued operations for the three-months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 are summarized as follow:

   
2008
   
2007
 
Revenue:
           
Rental
  $ -     $ 1,032,045  
Interest
    -       996  
Utility reimbursement
    -       3,846  
Other
    2,196       37,731  
Total revenue
    2,196       1,074,618  
                 
Expenses:
               
Operating
    -       272,459  
Maintenance
    -       128,210  
Real estate taxes
    -       85,068  
General and administrative
    5,562       18,824  
Management fees
    -       42,768  
Depreciation
    -       282,987  
Interest
    -       315,381  
Total expenses
    5,562       1,145,697  
                 
Loss from discontinued operations
  $ (3,366 )   $ (71,079 )



 
3.
INVESTMENT IN MULTIFAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP VENTURE
 
On August 12, 2005, the Company, together with affiliates and other unaffiliated parties, entered into a subscription agreement to invest in the Berkshire Multifamily Value Fund, L.P. (“BVF”), an affiliate of Berkshire Property Advisors, L.L.C. (“Berkshire Advisor” or the “Advisor”). Under the terms of the agreement and the related limited partnership agreement, the Company and its affiliates agreed to invest up to $25,000,000, or approximately 7%, of the total capital of the partnership. The Company’s final commitment under the subscription agreement with BVF totals $23,400,000.  BVF’s investment strategy is to acquire middle-market properties where there is an opportunity to add value through repositioning or rehabilitation. Under the terms of the BVF partnership agreement, the Company’s ability to acquire additional properties is restricted to the two following conditions: (1) the Company can invest up to $8,000,000 per year in new properties from available cash or cash generated from the refinancing of existing properties, for a period of up to thirty-nine months, at which time such restriction will lapse, and (2) the Company is authorized to sell existing properties and reinvest those proceeds through transactions structured to comply with 1031 Exchanges under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended,  (the “Tax Code”), without limit.
 
The managing partner of BVF is an affiliate of the Company.  The Company has evaluated its investment in BVF and concluded that the investment, although subject to the requirements of FIN 46R, will not require the Company to consolidate the activity of BVF as the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of the venture as defined in FIN 46R.
 
In relation to its investment in BVF, the Company has elected to adopt a three-month lag period in which it recognizes its share of the equity earnings of BVF in arrears.  The lag period is allowed under the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 18 (as Amended) – The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock Statement of Position 78-9 and is necessary in order for the Company to consistently meet it regulatory filing deadlines.  As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company has accounted for its share of the equity in BVF operating activity through December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2007, respectively.  There were no capital calls during the three months ended March 31, 2008. The total direct investment by the Company in BVF as of March 31, 2008 was $21,072,251, or 90.1% of the total committed capital amount of $23,400,000.

 
10

 


 
The summarized statement of assets, liabilities and partners’ capital of BVF is as follows:
 

 

ASSETS
 
December 31, 
2007
   
September 30, 
2007
 
             
Multifamily apartment communities, net
  $ 1,134,121,122     $ 997,654,798  
Cash and cash equivalents
    6,881,082       6,649,923  
Other assets
    37,789,832       39,121,557  
Total assets
  $ 1,178,792,036     $ 1,043,426,278  
                 
LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
               
                 
Mortgage notes payable
  $ 876,035,465     $ 736,027,766  
Revolving credit facility
    15,900,000       69,000,000  
Other liabilities
    25,604,024       24,014,923  
Minority interest
    37,555,064       19,121,730  
Partners’ capital
    223,697,483       195,261,859  
Total liabilities and partners’ capital
  $ 1,178,792,036     $ 1,043,426,278  
                 
Company’s share of partners’ capital 
  $ 15,660,493     $ 13,669,787  
Basis differential (1)
    604,395       3,124,663  
Carrying value of the Company’s investment in Multifamily Limited Partnership
  $ 16,264,888     $ 16,794,450  


 
(1) - This amount represents the difference between the Company’s investment in BVF and its share of the underlying equity in the net assets of BVF (adjusted to conform with GAAP) including the timing of the lag period, as described above.  At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the differential related mainly to the contribution of capital made by the Operating Partnership, in the amount of $0 and $2,520,269, to BVF during the first quarter of 2008 and the fourth quarter of 2007, respectively.  Additionally, $583,240 represents the Company’s share of syndication costs incurred by BVF of which the Company was not required to fund via a separate capital call.



The summarized statement of operations of BVF for the three months ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 is as follows:

   
December 31, 
2007
   
December 31, 
2006
 
Revenue
  $ 28,659,446     $ 17,402,273  
                 
Expenses
    (42,876,855 )     (27,196,022 )
                 
Minority interest
    1,079,500       1,105,679  
                 
Gain on sale of properties
    5,573,536       -  
                 
Net loss attributable to investment
  $ (7,564,373 )   $ (8,688,070 )
                 
Equity in loss of Multifamily Limited Partnership
  $ (529,563 )   $ (608,230 )


 
11

 

 

4.           MORTGAGE NOTES PAYABLE

 
On January 25, 2008, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary BIR Arboretum Development L.L.C., executed a fixed rate first mortgage note for $13,650,000, which is collateralized by the related property.  The proceeds of the loan will be used to build a multifamily apartment community on a parcel of land adjacent to the Arboretum Place Apartments. The interest rate on the note is fixed at 6.20% and has a term of 7 years, including a 2 year construction period and 5 years of permanent financing.  The loan is a non-drawn mortgage note and was granted with equity requirements that provide for the Company to make an equity investment of $5,458,671, inclusive of land equity of $2,150,000, in the project.
 


5.           REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY - AFFILIATE

 
On June 30, 2005, the Company obtained financing in the form of a revolving credit facility. The revolving credit facility in the amount of $20,000,000 was provided by an affiliate of the Company. The facility provides for interest on borrowings at a rate of 5% above the 30 day LIBOR rate, as announced by Reuter’s, and fees based on borrowings under the facility and various operational and financial covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio and a maximum debt service ratio. The agreement had a maturity date of December 31, 2006, with a one-time six-month extension available at the option of the Company. The terms of the facility were agreed upon through negotiations and were approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”), which is comprised solely of directors who are independent under applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the American Stock Exchange.
 
On October 30, 2006, the Company exercised its contractual option to extend the maturity date on the revolving credit facility available from the affiliate.  The Company sent notice to the affiliate of its intent, pursuant to the credit agreement, to extend the maturity date of the revolving credit facility by six months, until June 30, 2007.
 
On May 31, 2007, the Company executed an amendment to the agreement.  The amendment provides for an extension of the maturity date by replacing the maturity date of June 30, 2007 with a 60-day notice of termination provision by which the lender can affect a termination of the commitment under the Agreement and render all outstanding amounts due and payable.  The amendment also adds a clean-up requirement to the Agreement, which requires the Company to repay in full all outstanding loans and have no outstanding obligations under the Agreement for a 14 consecutive day period during each 365-day period.  This requirement has been satisfied for the initial 365-day period starting on June 1, 2007.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company borrowed $0 and $20,000,000, respectively, under the facility related to the acquisition activities of the Company and repaid advances of $0 during the same periods.   There was $0 of borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively under the facility.  The Company incurred interest and fees of $0 and $229,200 related to the facility during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 

 
6.           STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
On March 25, 2003, the Board declared a dividend at an annual rate of 9%, on the stated liquidation preference of $25 per share of the outstanding Preferred Shares which is payable quarterly in arrears, on February 15, May 15, August 15, and November 15 of each year to shareholders of record in the amount of $0.5625 per share per quarter.  For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company’s aggregate dividends totaled $1,675,196 and $1,675,198, respectively, of which $837,607 were payable and included on the balance sheet in Dividends and Distributions Payable as of March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007.
 

 


 
12

 

 
On November 11, 2007, the Board authorized the general partner of the Operating Partnership to distribute quarterly distributions of $1,000,000 each, in the aggregate, from its operating cash flows to common general and common limited partners, payable on February 15, 2008 and May 15, 2008. On the same day, the Board also declared a common dividend of $0.016996 per share on the Company’s Class B common stock payable concurrently with the Operating Partnership distributions.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the Board did not authorize the general partner of the Operating Partnership to distribute any additional quarterly distributions to common general and common limited partners or a common dividend on the Company’s Class B common stock.
 
The Company’s policy to provide for common distributions is based on available cash and Board approval.
 

 
7.           EARNINGS PER SHARE
 
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted, is computed as net loss available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period, basic and diluted.
 
The reconciliation of the basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 follows:
 

   
March 31,
   
March 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
Net loss
  $ (7,441,991 )   $ (6,907,532 )
  Less: Preferred dividends
    (1,675,196 )     (1,675,198 )
Net loss available to common shareholders
  $ (9,117,187 )   $ (8,582,730 )
                 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted
    1,406,196       1,406,196  
                 
Net loss per common share available to common shareholders, basic and diluted
  $ (6.48 )   $ (6.10 )
 

 

 
For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company did not have any common stock equivalents, therefore basic and dilutive earnings per share were the same.
 

 
8.           COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
The Company is party to certain legal actions arising in the ordinary course of its business, such as those relating to tenant issues. All such proceedings taken together are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company. While the resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the final outcome of such legal proceedings and claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity, financial position or results of operations.
 

 

 

 


 
13

 

 

9.           RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 Amounts accrued or paid to the Company’s affiliates are as follows:

   
Three months ended
 
   
March 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
Property management fees
  $ 837,688     $ 823,780  
Expense reimbursements
    48,975       62,649  
Salary reimbursements
    2,383,298       2,532,325  
Asset management fees
    418,360       418,360  
Construction management fees
    93,874       62,258  
Development fees
    127,000       -  
Acquisition fees
    -       205,000  
Interest and fees on revolving credit facility
    -       229,200  
Total
  $ 3,909,195     $ 4,333,572  

Amounts due to affiliates of $3,125,089 and $2,891,791 are included in Due to affiliates at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Amounts due from affiliates of $937,875 and $939,244 are included in Due to affiliates at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Amounts due to affiliates of $2,187,214 and $1,952,547 at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, represent intercompany development fees and shared services.
 
The Company pays property management fees to an affiliate for property management services.  The fees are payable at a rate of 4% of gross income.
 
The Company pays asset management fees to an affiliate for asset management services.  These fees are payable quarterly, in arrears, and may be paid only after all distributions currently payable on the Company’s Preferred Shares have been paid.  Effective April 4, 2003, under the advisory services agreement, the Company will pay Berkshire Advisor an annual asset management fee equal to 0.40%, up to a maximum of $1,600,000 in any calendar year, as per an amendment to the management agreement, of the purchase price of real estate properties owned by the Company, as adjusted from time to time to reflect the then current fair market value of the properties.  The purchase price is defined as the capitalized basis of an asset under GAAP, including renovation or new construction costs, costs of acquisition or other items paid or received that would be considered an adjustment to basis.  Annual asset management fees earned by the affiliate in excess of the $1,600,000 maximum payable by the Company represent fees incurred and paid by the minority partners in the properties.  The Company also reimburses affiliates for certain expenses incurred in connection with the operation of the properties, including administrative expenses and salary reimbursements.
 
The Company pays acquisition fees to an affiliate for acquisition services.  These fees are payable upon the closing of an acquisition of real property.  The fee is equal to 1% of the purchase price of any new property acquired directly and indirectly by the Company.  The purchase price is defined as the capitalized basis of an asset under GAAP, including renovations or new construction costs, cost of acquisition or other items paid or received that would be considered an adjustment to basis.  The purchase price does not include acquisition fees and capital costs of a recurring nature.
 
As of January 1, 2005, the Company pays a construction management fee to an affiliate, Berkshire Advisor, for services related to the management and oversight of renovation and rehabilitation projects at its properties.  The Company paid or accrued $93,874 and $62,258 in construction management fees for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.  The fees are capitalized as part of the project cost in the year they are incurred.
 
The Company pays development fees to an affiliate for property development services.  As of March 31, 2008, the Company has one property under development and has incurred fees totaling $127,000 in the three month period ended March 31, 2008.  The fees, of which all are related to the development phase as the project is currently under construction, are based on the project’s development/construction costs.  As of March 31, 2008, $0 has been paid to the affiliate and $127,000 remained payable.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company borrowed $0 and $20,000,000, respectively, related to the acquisition activities of the Company and repaid advances of $0 during the same periods.   There was $0 of borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.  The Company incurred interest and fees of $0 and $229,200 related to the facility during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

 
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10.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
The Company is currently party to a legal proceeding initiated by a seller/developer from whom the Company acquired a property in 2005.  The dispute involves the interpretation of certain provisions of the purchase and sales agreement related to post acquisition construction activities.  Specifically, the purchase and sales agreement provided that if certain conditions were met, the seller/developer would develop a vacant parcel of land contiguous to the acquired property with 18 new residential apartment units (the “New Units”) for the benefit of the Company at an agreed-upon price.  The purchase and sales agreement also provided the opportunity for the seller/developer to build a limited number of garages (the “Garages”) for the existing apartment units for the benefit of the Company at an agreed-upon price.
 
In 2006, the Company accrued $190,000 with respect to the New Units matter based on a settlement offer extended to the plaintiff, which was not accepted at that time.  On November 9, 2007, the judge issued a summary judgment against the Company with respect to the construction of the New Units.  The judgment did not specify damages, which the plaintiff will be required to demonstrate at trial.  On February 13, 2008, the court entered judgment related to the New Units on the seller/developer’s behalf awarding them a judgment in the amount of $774,292 for costs and damages.  The Company believes that there are reasonable grounds for appeal of this ruling and is pursuing an appeal of the judgment awarded by the court.
 
As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, the Company did not increase its accrual of $190,000 related to the New Units matter as it is moving forward with an appeal of the judgment awarded by the court.  Based on the court’s award of damages in the amount of $774,292, if the appeal were to be unsuccessful, the Company would record an additional cost of $584,292 related to the New Units matter, the amount in excess of the $190,000 accrued as of March 31, 2008.
 
The Company settled the matter related to the Garages and has executed a contract with the seller/developer for the construction of 48 Garages at an aggregate cost of $740,000.  As of March 31, 2008, the garage construction project is in the permitting stage and construction is scheduled to start when the permitting process is complete.
 
The Company and our properties are not subject to any other material pending legal proceedings and we are not aware of any such proceedings contemplated by governmental authorities.
 

 
11.           SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
 
On April 9, 2008, the Company borrowed $5,000,000 pursuant to an advance on the revolving credit facility available from an affiliate. The advance, along with available cash, was used to pay off  the outstanding balance on the mortgage loan on the Briarwood Apartments property which matured on April 10, 2008.  The advance was repaid in full on April 30, 2008.
 
On April 10, 2008, the Company paid a total of $8,600,333 to payoff the maturing mortgage loan on the Briarwood property.  The mortgage loan was assumed from the seller at the time of acquisition of the property and had a then outstanding balance of $8,811,733.  The maturity payment was funded by an advance of $5,000,000 on the revolving credit facility available from an affiliate and available cash.
 
On April 28, 2008, the Operating Partnership completed the sale of the St. Marin/Karrington Apartments (“St. Marin”), a 600-unit multifamily apartment community located in Coppell, Texas, to an unaffiliated buyer.  The sale price of the property was $61,750,000 and was subject to normal operating prorations and adjustments as provided for in the purchase and sale agreement.  Additionally, the buyer assumed the outstanding mortgage note payable balance of $31,377,607. The Company structured the transaction as an outright sale and does not intend to reinvest the proceeds in a replacement property pursuant to a transaction structured to comply with the requirements of a Section 1031 tax deferred exchange under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
 
On May 5, 2008, pursuant to the appeal proceedings related to the ongoing legal issue related to the New Units matter (see note 10), the Company filed its appeal brief with the court.  The plaintiff has 30 days to file its response with the court.

 
15

 

 
  Item 2.
  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF BERKSHIRE INCOME REALTY, INC

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with Berkshire Income Realty, Inc’s (the “Company”) consolidated financial statements and their related notes and other financial information included in this report. For further information please refer to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.

Forward Looking Statements
 
Certain statements contained in this report, including information with respect to our future business plans, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  For this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements, subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ significantly from those described in this report.  These forward-looking statements include statements regarding, among other things, our business strategy and operations, future expansion plans, future prospects, financial position, anticipated revenues or losses and projected costs, and objectives of management.  Without limiting the foregoing, the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements.  There are a number of important factors that could cause our results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements.  These factors include, but are not limited to, changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate and bond markets specifically, legislative/regulatory changes (including changes to laws governing the taxation of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”)), possible sales of assets, the acquisition restrictions placed on the Company by its investment in Berkshire Multifamily Value Fund, LP, (“BVF” or the “Fund”),  the acquisition restrictions placed on the Company by an affiliated entity Berkshire Multifamily Value Fund II, LP, (“BVF II” or “Fund II”), availability of capital, interest rates and interest rate spreads, changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and policies and guidelines applicable to REITs, those factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 filed with the SEC and other risks and uncertainties as may be detailed from time to time in our public announcements and our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
 
The foregoing risks are not exhaustive.  Other sections of this report may include additional factors that could adversely affect our business and financial performance.  Moreover, we operate in a competitive and rapidly changing environment.  New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such risks factors, nor can it assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.  Given these risks and uncertainties, undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results.
 
As used herein, the terms “we”, “us” or the “Company” refer to Berkshire Income Realty, Inc. (the “Company”), a Maryland corporation, incorporated on July 19, 2002.  The Company is in the business of acquiring, owning, operating and renovating multifamily apartment communities.  Berkshire Property Advisors, L.L.C. (“Berkshire Advisor” or “Advisor”) is an affiliated entity we have contracted with to make decisions relating to the day-to-day management and operation of our business, subject to the Board of Directors (“Board”) oversight.  Refer to Item 13 – Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 13 –Related Party Transactions of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for additional information about the Advisor.


Overview

The Company is engaged primarily in the ownership, acquisition, operation and rehabilitation of multifamily apartment communities in the Baltimore/Washington D.C., Southeast, Southwest and Midwest areas of the United States. We conduct substantially all of our business and own, either directly or through subsidiaries, substantially all of our assets through Berkshire Income Realty – OP, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”), a Delaware limited partnership. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, BIR GP, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company, is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As of May 14, 2008, the Company is the owner of 100% of the preferred limited partner units of the Operating Partnership, whose terms mirror the terms of the Company’s Series A 9% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and, through BIR GP, L.L.C., owns 100% of the general partner interest of the Operating Partnership, which represents approximately 2.39% of the common economic interest of the Operating Partnership.

 
16

 

Our general and limited partner interests in the Operating Partnership entitle us to share in cash distributions from, and in the profits and losses of, the Operating Partnership in proportion to our percentage interest therein. The other partners of the Operating Partnership are affiliates who contributed their direct or indirect interests in certain properties to the Operating Partnership in exchange for common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership.

Our highlights of the three months ended March 31, 2008 included the following:

 
•   
On January 25, 2008, the Company closed on  $13,650,000 of fixed rate mortgage debt on the development project of Arboretum Land.  The proceeds of the borrowing will be used to build multifamily buildings on a parcel of pre-purchased land adjacent to the Arboretum Place Apartments.  The loan will be a non-drawn mortgage note with a fixed interest rate of 6.20% and a term of 7 years.  This loan was granted with equity requirements that the Company would provide an equity investment for the project in the amount of $5,458,671.  The amount of $5,458,671 represented by the Land and improvements are $2,150,000 and $3,308,671 respectively.
 
•   
On February 13, 2008, the Company had a Judgment ordered against it by the court in a legal proceeding initiated by a sell/developer from whom the Company acquired a property in 2005.  The Judgment was for $774,292 and represented costs and damages in the case.  The Company has appealed the Judgment.  A second part of the proceeding related to the construction of garages on the property was dismissed and the Company has executed a contract for the construction of 48 garages at a cost of $740,000.  The garage construction project is moving forward  and construction is scheduled to begin subject to completion of the permitting process.
 
General

The Company detailed a number of significant trends and specific factors affecting the real estate industry in general and the Company’s business in particular in Part II, Item 7 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. The Company believes those trends and factors continue to be relevant to the Company’s performance and financial condition.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157 “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”).   SFAS No. 157 provides guidance for, among other things, the definition of fair value and the methods used to measure fair value. The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. In February 2008, the FASB deferred the effective date of SFAS No. 157 until January 1, 2009 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.  The Company adopted SFAS No. 157 as of January 1, 2008.  The Company has assessed the impact of SFAS No. 157 and has determined that the adoption of SFAS No. 157 did not have a material impact on the financial position or operating results of the Company.
 
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115” (“SFAS No. 159”).   SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value.  The provisions of SFAS No. 159 are effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company adopted SFAS No. 159 as of January 1, 2008 and has not opted to fair value any assets or liabilities as of march 31, 2008.  The Company has assessed the impact of SFAS No. 159 and, based on not fair valuing any assets or liabilities as of March 31, 2008, has determined that the adoption of SFAS No. 159 did not have a material impact on the financial position or operating results of the Company.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (“SFAS 141R”), which is intended to improve reporting by creating greater consistency in the accounting and financial reporting of business combinations.  SFAS No. 141R establishes principles and requirements for how the acquiring entity shall recognize and measure in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity and goodwill acquired in a business combination.  This statement is effective for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008.  The Company is assessing the potential impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 141R may have on its financial position and results of operations.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment of ARB No. 51 (“SFAS No. 160”), which is intended to improve the relevance, comparability, and transparency of financial information provided to investors by establishing and expanding accounting and reporting standards for minority interests in a subsidiary.  This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008.  The Company is currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 160 may have on its financial position and results of operations.

 
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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and Cash Flows

As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had $11,465,069 and $22,479,937 of cash and cash equivalents, respectively.

 
Three months ended
 
 
March 31,
 
 
2008
 
2007
 
             
Cash provided by / used in operating activities
  $ (2,118,814 )   $ 1,436,725  
Cash used in investing activities
    (4,811,065 )     (24,167,872 )
Cash provided by / used in financing activities
    (4,084,989 )     23,750,511  

During the three months ended March 31, 2008, cash decreased by $11,014,868. The components of the overall decrease were contributed by operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. The cash decrease of $2,118,814 used in the Company’s operating activities is mainly due to payments of accrued expenses and liabilities, which include payments of $1,541,055 of accounts payables, $866,607 of purchase order,  $259,137 of benefits accruals, $539,654 of management fees,  $1,398,603 of accrued mortgage interests, $1,353,417 of real estate tax.  The $4,811,062 used by the Company’s investing activities, which include $3,885,951 capital improvement that is mainly from investment in Arboretum Land development, $435,135 and $605,210 rehabs for Berkshire of Columbia and The Seasons, respectively. The $4,084,989 used by decreases from the financings were due payments of principal on existing mortgage loans, distributions to common and preferred shareholders and distributions to minority owners in the properties.
 
The Company’s principal liquidity demands are expected to be distributions to our preferred and common shareholders and Operating Partnership unitholders, capital improvements, rehabilitation projects and repairs and maintenance for the properties, acquisition of additional properties within the investment restrictions placed on it by BVF and BVF II, debt repayment and investment in the affiliated BVF. (See footnote 3 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information).
 
The Company intends to meet its short-term liquidity requirements through net cash flows provided by operating activities, cash distributions from its investments, including the Company’s investments in the Multifamily limited Partnership, and advances from the revolving credit facility. The Company considers its ability to generate cash to be adequate to meet all operating requirements and make distributions to its stockholders in accordance with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, applicable to REITs.  Funds required to make distributions to our preferred and common shareholders and Operating Partnership unitholders that are not provided by operating activities will expect to supplement by property debt financing and refinancing activities.
 
The Company intends to meet its long-term liquidity requirements through property debt financing and refinancing, and, to a lesser degree, advances from the revolving credit facility. The Company may seek to expand its purchasing power through the use of venture relationships with other companies.

As of March 31, 2008, the Company has obtained fixed interest rate mortgage financing on all of the properties in the portfolio including a fixed rate construction to permanent mortgage on the Arboretum Land Development project, a parcel of vacant land adjacent to the Arboretum Place Apartments that is currently under development.   The Arboretum Land development is currently under construction and is anticipated to be complete in early 2009.
 
The Company has a $20,000,000 revolving credit facility in place with an affiliate of the Company. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company did not have any borrowings outstanding on the revolving credit facility.
 

Capital Expenditures
 
The Company incurred $445,045 and $399,237 in recurring capital expenditures during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Recurring capital expenditures typically include items such as appliances, carpeting, flooring, HVAC equipment, kitchen and bath cabinets, site improvements and various exterior building improvements.

The Company incurred $3,404,176 and $2,041,550 in renovation-related capital expenditures during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Renovation related capital expenditures generally include capital expenditures of a significant non-recurring nature, including construction management fees payable to an affiliate of the Company, where the Company expects to see a financial return on the expenditure or where the Company believes the expenditure preserves the status of a property within its sub-market.

 
18

 

 
 
In January 2004, the Company authorized the renovation of 252 apartment units at its Berkshires of Columbia (formerly Hannibal Grove) property (“Columbia”) to provide for in-unit washer and dryer hookups. The total cost of the project was estimated to be approximately $1,455,000, or $5,775 per apartment unit.  The Company believes the renovations are necessary to maintain the property’s competitiveness in its sub-market and that the property will also achieve significant growth in rental rates as a result of the renovations.  In September 2005, in addition to the washer and dryer program, the Company approved, after a successful trial project on a limited number of units, the interior renovation of all 252 units at Columbia, including the in-unit washer and dryer hookups in units not yet converted, at an anticipated total cost of $5,292,000, or $21,000 per unit.  As of March 31, 2008, 244 units, or 97%, of 252 apartment units at Columbia have been renovated, of which 229 units, or 94%, of those completed units have been leased. The Company currently anticipates completing the project in the second quarter of 2008.  Total costs committed to date are below original estimates and are anticipated to remain under budget through the remainder of the project.
 
In December 2006, the Company, as part of the decision to acquire the Standard at Lenox Park property, approved a rehabilitation project at the 375-unit property of approximately $5,000,000 for interior and exterior improvements.  As of March 31, 2008, the exterior improvements have been completed and the interior portion of the project, which includes rehabilitation of the kitchens, bathrooms, lighting and fixtures, was 82% complete as 308 of the 375 units had been completed, of which 297 units, or 96%, of those completed units have been leased.  Project costs to date approximate $4,000,000 of the total estimated costs of $5,108,000.
 
In December 2007, the Company authorized the renovation of the Hampton House property, a 222 unit high-rise building. Approximately $6,126,000 has been budgeted for 2008 for interior and exterior improvements.  Exterior improvements include replacement of windows, sliding doors and balcony railings and interior improvements include updates to apartment units including rehabilitation of the kitchens, bathrooms, lighting and fixtures and updates  to common areas and systems, including the lobby, hallways and updates to the buildings central systems.  As of March 31, 2008, both the interior and exterior improvements have begun and are in the early stages of completion.
 
The Company owns two parcels of vacant land. One parcel is the Arboretum Land which is contiguous with an existing property owned by the Company and the other is also a parcel contiguous with an existing property owned by the Company.  A decision to move forward with the development of the Arboretum Land, which is contiguous with the Arboretum Place Apartments, had been made by the Company.  Development plans have been approved and as of November 1, 2007, the Company commenced construction on the development of the vacant land.  The development plans include the construction of five buildings, containing 143 units, and a clubhouse.  The project cost is estimated at $17,000,000 and is expected to be completed in early 2009.  As of March 31, 2008, project costs to date approximate $2,222,000. The development plans include the construction of five buildings, containing 143 units, and a clubhouse.  Interest costs are capitalized on development projects until construction is substantially complete.  There was $41,115 and $0 of interest capitalized in three months ended March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007, respectively.
 
Pursuant to terms of the mortgage debt on certain properties in the Company’s portfolio, lenders require the Company to fund repair or replacement escrow accounts.  The funds in the escrow accounts are disbursed to the Company upon completion of the required repairs or renovations activities.  The Company is required to provide to the lender documentation evidencing the completion of the repairs, and in some cases, are subject to inspection by the lender.
 
The Company’s capital budgets for 2008 anticipate spending approximately $32,935,000 for ongoing rehabilitation, including the Hampton House project and development of current portfolio properties, including the Arboretum Land development project during the year.  As of March 31, 2008, the Company has not committed to any new significant rehabilitation projects.
 

Acquisitions
 
The Company did not acquire any properties during the three months period ended March 31, 2008


Dispositions

The Company did not dispose of any properties during the three month period ended March 31, 2008.


Declaration of Dividends and Distributions

 
On March 25, 2003, the Board declared a dividend at an annual rate of 9% on the stated liquidation preference of $25 per share of the outstanding Preferred Shares which is payable quarterly in arrears, on February 15, May 15, August 15, and November 15 of each year to shareholders of record in the amount of $0.5625 per share, per quarter.  For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company’s aggregate dividends totaled $1,675,196 and $1,675,198, respectively, of which $837,607 were payable and included on the balance sheet in Dividends and Distributions Payable as of March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007.

 
19

 

 
 On November 11, 2007, the Board authorized the general partner of the Operating Partnership to distribute quarterly distributions of $1,000,000 each, in the aggregate, from its operating cash flows to common general and common limited partners, payable on February 15, 2008 and May 15, 2008. On the same day, the Board also declared a common dividend of $0.016996 per share on the Company’s Class B common stock payable concurrently with the Operating Partnership distributions.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the Board did not authorize the general partner of the Operating Partnership to distribute any additional quarterly distributions to common general and common limited partners or a common dividend on the Company’s Class B common stock.

The Company’s policy to provide for common distributions is based on available cash and Board approval.



Results of Operations and Financial Condition

During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company’s portfolio (the “Total Property Portfolio”), which consists of all properties acquired or placed in service and owned through March 31, 2008, remains the same.  As a result of changes in the Total Property Portfolio over the three-month period ended March 31, 2007, the consolidated financial statements show changes in revenue and expenses from period to period. The Company does not believe that its period-to-period financial data are comparable. Therefore, the comparison of operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 reflects the changes attributable to the properties owned by the Company throughout each period presented (the “Same Property Portfolio”).

“Net Operating Income (“NOI”) falls within the definition of a “non-GAAP financial measure” as stated in Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure of our performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.  The Company believes NOI is a measure of operating results that is useful to investors to analyze the performance of a real estate company because it provides a direct measure of the operating results of the Company’s multifamily apartment communities. The Company also believes it is a useful measure to facilitate the comparison of operating performance among competitors.  The calculation of NOI requires classification of income statement items between operating and non-operating expenses, where operating items include only those items of revenue and expense which are directly relate to the income producing activities of the properties.  We believe that to achieve a more complete understanding of the Company’s performance, NOI should be compared with our reported net income (loss).  Management uses NOI to evaluate the operating results of properties without reflecting the effect of capital decisions such as the issuance of mortgage debt and investments in capital items, in turn these capital decisions have an impact on interest expense and depreciation and amortization.
 
The most directly comparable financial measure of our NOI, calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, is net income (loss), shown on the consolidated statement of operations.  For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the net income (loss) was $(7,441,991) and $(6,907,532), respectively.  A reconciliation of our NOI to net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 are presented as part of the following table on page 23.







 
20

 

 

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2008 to the three months ended March 31, 2007.
 
The table below reflects selected operating information for the Same Property Portfolio.  The Same Property Portfolio consists of the 26 properties acquired or placed in service on or prior to January 1, 2007 and owned through March 31, 2008.
 


   
Same Property Portfolio
 
   
Three months ended March 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase/
(Decrease)
   
%
Change
 
                         
Revenue:
                       
Rental
  $ 19,191,904     $ 18,698,144     $ 493,760       2.64 %
Interest, utility reimbursement and other
    1,155,387       946,918       208,469       22.02 %
Total revenue
    20,347,291       19,645,062       702,229       3.57 %
                                 
Operating expenses:
                               
Operating
    5,155,732       5,464,319       (308,587 )     (5.65 )%
Maintenance
    1,234,306       1,131,431       102,875       9.09 %
Real estate taxes
    2,404,412       2,052,155       352,257       17.17 %
General and administrative
    445,116       374,922       70,194       18.72 %
Management fees
    789,854       772,896       16,958       2.19 %
Total operating expenses
    10,029,420       9,795,723       233,697       2.39 %
                                 
Net operating income
    10,317,871       9,849,339       468,532       4.76 %
                                 
Non-operating expenses:
                               
Depreciation
    7,887,609       7,416,780       470,829       6.35 %
Interest
    6,562,423       6,000,024       562,399       9.37 %
Amortization of acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships
    29,385       315,345       (285,960 )     (90.68 )%
Total non – operating expenses
    14,479,417       13,732,149       747,268       5.44 %
                                 
Loss before minority interest in properties, equity in loss of Multifamily Limited Partnership, minority common interest in Operating Partnership and loss from discontinued operations
    (4,161,546 )     (3,882,810 )     (278,736 )     7.18 %
                                 
Minority interest in properties
    -       -       -       -  
                                 
Equity in loss of Multifamily Limited Partnership
    -       -       -       -  
                                 
Minority common interest in Operating Partnership
    -       -       -       -  
                                 
Loss from discontinuing operations
    -       -       -       -  
                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ (4,161,546 )   $ (3,882,810 )   $ (278,736 )     7.18 %













 
21

 
 
 
The table below reflects selected operating information for the Total Property Portfolio.  The Total Property Portfolio includes discontinued operations for 2 properties, Dorsey’s Forge and Trellis at Lee’s Mill, that were sold during the year ended December 31, 2007.



   
Total Property Portfolio
 
   
Three months ended March 31,
 
               
Increase /
   
%
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
(Decrease)
   
Change
 
Revenue:
                       
Rental
  $ 20,242,810     $ 18,889,523     $ 1,353,287       7.16 %
Interest, utility reimbursement and other
    1,448,668       1,147,495       301,173       26.25 %
Total revenue
    21,691,478       20,037,018       1,654,460       8.26 %
                                 
Operating Expenses:
                               
Operating
    5,829,250       5,748,649       80,601       1.40 %
Maintenance
    1,306,787       1,137,040       169,747       14.93 %
Real estate taxes
    2,528,318       2,079,242       449,076       21.60 %
General and administrative
    847,567       803,320       44,247       5.51 %
Management fees
    1,255,919       1,199,372       56,547       4.71 %
Total operating expenses
    11,767,841       10,967,623       800,218       7.30 %
                                 
Net Operating Income
    9,923,637       9,069,395       854,242       9.42 %
                                 
Non-operating expenses:
                               
Depreciation
    8,457,200       7,495,802       961,398       12.83 %
Interest
    7,146,072       6,230,864       915,208       14.69 %
Amortization of acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships
    65,983       371,238       (305,255 )     (82.23 )%
Total non-operating expenses
    15,669,255       14,097,904       1,571,351       11.15 %
                                 
Loss before minority interest in properties, equity in loss of Multifamily Limited Partnership,  minority common interest in Operating Partnership and loss from discontinued operations
    (5,745,618 )     (5,028,509 )     (717,109 )     14.26 %
                                 
Minority interest in properties
    (187,344 )     (223,614 )     36,270       (16.22 )%
                                 
Equity in loss of Multifamily Limited Partnership
    (529,563 )     (608,230 )     78,667       (12.93 )%
                                 
Minority common interest in Operating Partnership
    (976,100 )     (976,100 )     -       0.00 %
                                 
Loss from discontinuing operations
    (3,366 )     (71,079 )     67,713       (95.26 )%
                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ (7,441,991 )   $ (6,907,532 )   $ (534,459 )     7.74 %





 
22

 

 
Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2008 to the three months ended March 31, 2007.
(Same Property Portfolio)

Revenue

Rental Revenue

 
Rental revenue of the Same Property Portfolio increased for the three-month ended March 31, 2008 in comparison to the same period of 2007. The majority of the increase is attributable to properties that have completed major renovations during 2007 and are leasing the newly renovated units at premium rent levels and are raising the occupancy levels at the properties following the completion of the rehabilitation projects.  Properties experiencing increased post rehabilitation rent levels include the Berkshires of Columbia in Maryland and the Berkshires on Brompton in Texas.  Market conditions remain favorable in most of the sub-markets in which the Company owns and operates apartments.  The Company continues to benefit from property rehabilitation projects at properties in the Same Property Portfolio where successful projects improve the consumer appeal and historically have yielded increased rental revenues as rehabilitated units become available for occupancy at the incrementally higher rental rates than the pre-rehabilitation levels.

Interest, utility reimbursement and other revenue

Same Property Portfolio interest, utility reimbursement and other revenues increased for the three-months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the similar period ended March 31, 2007.  Utility reimbursements increased, mainly due to successful increases in  usage of bill back programs to tenants, period over period and were partially offset by decreases in interest. Miscellaneous revenues increased due to revenues from the fees charged to tenants and potential tenants, including late fees, valet trash fees and other similar revenue items.

Operating Expenses


Operating

Overall operating expenses decreased slightly in the quarter ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the same period of 2007.  The Company continues to realize savings from improved premiums levels when it renewed its property insurance coverage for the portfolio for the policy period as of May 1, 2007 when it was able to achieve modest cost reductions in premiums for its property insurance coverage.  Other decreases in expenses included payroll and related benefits, due to position vacancies at various properties and benefit related cost reductions.  The savings were partially offset by increases in some utilities, including gas and water and sewer, advertising publications and rubbish removal.  The Seasons of Laurel property has historically contributed significantly to the Company’s overall utility expense as the electricity charges at the property have been paid by the Company and were not billed directly to tenants for usage of their apartment unit.  The Company has undertaken a project to modify the utility infrastructure to allow for direct billing of electric costs by individual apartment unit.  The project is progressing and the changes to the infrastructure are expected to be complete in the second quarter of 2008 with the related direct billing to be implemented to all units by the end of 2008.  The Company has started to see a reduction in utility expense at Season’s and expects the reduction to increase thru the end of the year.


Maintenance
 
Maintenance expense increased slightly in the three-months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the same period of 2007 and is due mainly to normal operating fluctuations including normal maintenance activities including interior cleaning and janitorial services, interior painting as well as exterior activities such as landscaping, snow removal and pool services.  As it historically has operated it’s properties, Management continues to employ a proactive maintenance rehabilitation strategy at its multifamily apartment communities within its Same Store portfolio and considers it an effective program that contributes to preserving, and in some cases increasing, its occupancy levels through improved consumer appeal of the apartment communities.

 
23

 

 
Real Estate Taxes

Real estate taxes increased for the three-months ended March 31, 2008 from the comparable period of 2007. The increase is due mainly to savings realized in the prior comparative period due to a rebate of taxes for a prior period at one of the properties.  Additionally, the Company continues to see a trend of escalation in assessed property valuations for properties in the Same Property Portfolio.  The Company scrutinizes the assessed values of its properties and avails itself of arbitration or similar forums made available by the taxing authority for increases in assessed value that it considers to be unreasonable. The Company has been successful in achieving tax abatements for certain of its properties based on challenges made to the assessed values. The Company anticipates a continued upward trend in real estate tax expense as local and state taxing agencies continue to place significant reliance on property tax revenue.


General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses increased in the three-month period ended March 31, 2007 compared to 2006.  The overall increase is due mainly to normal operating expense fluctuations experienced throughout the properties of the Same Property Portfolio including increases in professional services, recruiting costs and temporary help as well as legal fees related to tenant issues including those related to rent collection at various properties in the portfolio.


Management Fees

Management fees of the Same Property Portfolio increased in the three-months period ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period of 2007 based on a proportionate increased level of revenues in the comparative periods.   Property management fees are assessed on the revenue stream of the properties managed by an affiliate of the Company.


Non Operating Expenses


Depreciation
 
Depreciation expense of the Same Property Portfolio increased for the three-months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The increased expense is related to the additions to the basis of fixed assets in the portfolio driven by substantial rehabilitation projects ongoing at the Seasons of Laurel, Hannibal Grove, Standard of Lenox and the Hampton House properties and to a lesser degree, normal recurring capital spending activities over the remaining properties in the Same Property Portfolio.


Interest
 
Interest expense for the three-months ended March 31, 2008 increased significantly over the comparable period of 2007. The majority of the increase is attributable to the refinancing of a mortgage on the Berkshires on Brompton property at an incrementally higher principal level than the related paid-off loan, which was partially offset by the reduced interest rate obtained on the new debt.  Additionally, new second mortgage debt on two properties that was not in place in the comparative period of 2007 also contributed to the increased interest expense..


Amortization of acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships

Amortization of acquired in-place-leases and tenant relationships decreased significantly in the three-months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the same period of 2007.  The decrease is related mainly to the completion of amortization of the acquired-in-place lease intangible assets booked at acquisition and amortized over a 12 month period which did not extend into the twelve-months period ended March 31, 2008.

 
24

 

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2008 to the three months ended March 31, 2007.  (Total Property Portfolio).
 
In general, increases in revenues, operating expenses, non-operating expenses and the related losses of the Total Property Portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2007 are due mainly to increases in net operating income of the properties across the portfolio including properties acquired in 2007 for which operating results are not comparative between the two reporting periods, which were offset in part by increased interest costs due to increased number of properties owned by the Company in the comparative periods presented and to the increase in the level of mortgage debt outstanding during the comparative periods.
 



Debt to Fair Value of Real Estate Assets

The Company’s total debt summary and debt maturity schedule, as of March 31, 2008, is as follows:


Debt Summary
       
Weighted
   
Balance
 
Average Rate
           
Total - Collateralized - Fixed Rate Debt
 
$
    505,637,410
 
5.52%

Debt Maturity Schedule
         
Year
 
Balance
 
% of Total
           
2008
 
$
11,425,337
 
2.26%
2009
   
20,257,150
 
4.00%
2010
   
4,779,543
 
0.95%
2011
   
5,088,624
 
1.00%
2012
   
34,317,623
 
6.79%
Thereafter
   
429,769,133
 
85.00%
Total
 
$
505,637,410
 
100.00%

The Company’s “Debt-to-Fair Value of Real Estate Assets” as of March 31, 2008 is presented in the following table. Fair Value of Real Estate Assets is determined based on management’s best estimate of fair value for properties purchased in prior years or purchase price for properties acquired within the current year. As with any estimate, management’s estimate of the fair value of properties purchased in prior years represents only its good faith opinion as to that value, and there can be no assurance that the actual value that might, in fact, be realized for any such property would approximate that fair value.  The following information is presented in lieu of information regarding the Company’s “Debt-to-Total Market Capitalization Ratio”, which is a commonly used measure in our industry, because the Company’s market capitalization is not readily determinable since there was no public market for its common equity during the periods presented in this report.

The Board has established investment guidelines under which management may not incur indebtedness such that at the time we incur the indebtedness our ratio of debt to total assets exceeds 75%.  This measure is calculated based on the fair value of the assets determined by management as described above.

The information regarding “Debt-to-Fair Value of Real Estate Assets” is presented to allow investors to calculate our loan-to-value ratios in a manner consistent with those used by management and others in our industry, including those used by our current and potential lenders. Management uses this information when making decisions about financing or refinancing properties. Management also uses fair value information when making decisions about selling assets as well as evaluating acquisition opportunities within markets where we have assets.

Fair Value of Real Estate Assets is not a GAAP financial measure and should not be considered as an alternative to net book value of real estate assets, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.  The net book value of our real estate assets was $459,657,082 at March 31, 2008 and is presented on the balance sheet as multifamily apartment communities, net of accumulated depreciation. The following table reconciles the fair value of our real estate assets to the net book value of real estate assets as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 
25

 
 
Debt-to-Fair Value of Real Estate Assets as of

   
March 31, 2008
   
December 31, 2007
 
             
Net book value of multifamily apartment communities
  $ 459,657,082     $ 464,265,061  
Accumulated depreciation
    152,697,261       144,240,061  
Historical cost
    612,354,343       608,505,122  
Increase in fair value over historical cost
    212,565,657       216,414,878  
Fair Value – estimated
  $ 824,920,000     $ 824,920,000  
                 
Mortgage Debt
  $ 505,637,410     $ 506,903,882  
                 
Debt-to-Fair Value of Real Estate Assets
    61.30 %     61.45 %


The Debt-to-Fair Value of Real Estate Assets includes the outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility, which were $0 at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. The revolving credit facility contains covenants that require the Company to maintain certain financial ratios, including an indebtedness to value ratio not to exceed 75%.  If the Company were to be in violation of this covenant, we would be unable to draw advances from our line, which could have a material impact on our ability to meet our short-term liquidity requirements.  Further, if we were unable to draw on the line, we may have to slow or temporarily stop our rehabilitation projects, which could have a negative impact on our results of operations and cash flows.  As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company was in compliance with the covenants of the revolving credit facility.  Fair value of the real estate assets is based on the management most current valuation of properties, which was made for all properties owned at December 31, 2007, and acquisition cost of properties acquired subsequent to December 31, 2007, if any.



Funds From Operations

The Company has adopted the revised definition of Funds from Operations (“FFO”) adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”). Management considers FFO to be an appropriate measure of performance of an equity REIT. We calculate FFO by adjusting net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP, including non-recurring items), for gains (or losses) from sales of properties, real estate related depreciation and amortization, and adjustment for unconsolidated partnerships and ventures. Management believes that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of the historical operating results of the Company, FFO should be considered in conjunction with net income as presented in the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein. Management considers FFO to be a useful measure for reviewing the comparative operating and financial performance of the Company because, by excluding gains and losses related to sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets and excluding real estate asset depreciation and amortization (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO can help one compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate between periods or as compared to different companies.

The Company’s calculation of FFO may not be directly comparable to FFO reported by other REITs or similar real estate companies that have not adopted the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition differently. FFO is not a GAAP financial measure and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure of our performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, as an indication of our performance.  FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP and is not a measure of liquidity or an indicator of our ability to make cash distributions. We believe that to further understand our performance, FFO should be compared with our reported net income (loss) and considered in addition to cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in our consolidated financial statements.

 
26

 
 
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss) to FFO for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007:

   
Three months ended
 
   
March 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
Net income (loss)
  $ (7,441,991 )   $ (6,907,532 )
Add:
               
Depreciation of real property
    7,163,662       6,219,526  
Minority common interest in Operating Partnership
    976,100       976,100  
Minority interest in properties
    187,344       259,377  
Amortization of acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships
    65,983       371,238  
Equity in loss of Multifamily Venture
    529,563       608,230  
Funds from operations of Multifamily Venture
    495,409       -  
                 
Less:
               
Funds from operations of Multifamily Venture
    -       (17,220 )
Minority interest in properties
    -       (35,763 )
Minority interest in properties share of funds from operations
    (200,535 )     (191,369 )
                 
Funds From Operations
  $ 1,775,535     $ 1,282,587  


FFO for the three months ended March 31, 2008 increased over FFO for the three-month period ended March 31, 2007.  The increase is due mainly to increases in Net Operating Income of the properties, which was offset in part by increases in interest expense related to increased debt balances in the comparative three-month periods ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

Environmental Issues
 
There are no recorded amounts resulting from environmental liabilities because there are no known contingencies with respect to environmental liabilities.  The Company obtains environmental audits through various sources, including lender evaluations and acquisition due diligence, for each of its properties at various intervals throughout a property’s life.  The Company has not been advised by any third party as to the existence of, nor has it identified on its own, any material liability for site restoration or other costs that may be incurred with respect to any of its properties.


Inflation and Economic Conditions
 
Substantially all of the leases at the initial properties are for a term of one year or less, which enables the Company to seek increased rents for new leases or upon renewal of existing leases.  These short-term leases minimize the potential adverse effect of inflation on rental income, although residents may leave without penalty at the end of their lease terms and may do so if rents are increased significantly.
 
The Company believes the domestic economy is poised for continued slow down and believes a recession is reasonably possible which would continue to disadvantage single family homeowners with unfavaorable credit arrangements.  While an economic slowdown that may result in a recession would not provide a favorable economic environment to operate within, the multifamily sector may benefit from the displacement of single family homeowners due to increasing foreclosure activity in the credit markets and continue to benefit from favorable ongoing demographic trends.  While the apartment sector had previously experienced slower growth over recent years due to rising unemployment and a significant renter migration to single family homes, the reversal of the renter migration to single family homes trend is now expected to contribute to an apartment sector recovery.  The Company believes that, for single family homebuyers over the next several years, increasing housing costs, higher interest rates, and continued escalation in foreclosure activity may make purchases increasingly expensive and out of reach as well as force existing homeowners back into the rental market.  In addition, we believe the projected demographic trends strongly favor the multifamily sector, driven primarily by the continued flow of echo boomers (children of baby boomers, age 20 to 29), the fastest growing segment of the population, and an increasing number of immigrants who are typically renters by necessity.

 
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Item 3.                      QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company’s mortgage notes are fixed rate instruments; therefore, the Company’s outstanding mortgage debt is not sensitive to changes in the capital markets except upon maturity.  The Company’s revolving credit facility is a variable rate arrangement tied to LIBOR, and is therefore sensitive to changes in the capital markets.  The table below provides information about the Company’s financial instruments, specifically its debt obligations.

The table presents principal cash flows and related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates for the mortgage notes payable as of March 31, 2008.

   
2008
   
2009
   
2010
   
2011
   
2012
   
Thereafter
   
Total
 
                                           
Fixed Rate Debt
  $ 11,425,337     $ 20,257,150     $ 4,779,543     $ 5,088,624     $ 34,317,623     $ 429,769,133     $ 505,637,410  
Average Interest Rate
    5.69 %     5.20 %     5.15 %     5.16 %     4.95 %     5.52 %     5.52 %

The level of market interest rate risk remained relatively consistent from December 31, 2007 to March 31, 2008.  As of March 31, 2008, $0 of the Company’s outstanding debt is outstanding subject to variable interest rates. The Company estimates that the effect of a 1% increase or decrease in interest rates would not have a material impact on interest expense.



Item 4T.                                           CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Based on their evaluation, as required by the Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b), the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) were effective as of March 31, 2008 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and were effective as of March 31, 2008 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of the Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a -15 or 15d-15 that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2008 that affected, or were reasonably likely to affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.




 
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PART II.                                           OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.
 
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
   
The Company is currently party to a legal proceeding initiated by a seller/developer from whom the Company acquired a property in 2005.  The dispute involves the interpretation of certain provisions of the purchase and sales agreement related to post acquisition construction activities.  Specifically, the purchase and sales agreement provided that if certain conditions were met, the seller/developer would develop a vacant parcel of land contiguous to the acquired property with 18 new residential apartment units (the “New Units”) for the benefit of the Company at an agreed-upon price.  The purchase and sales agreement also provided the opportunity for the seller/developer to build a limited number of garages (the “Garages”) for the existing apartment units for the benefit of the Company at an agreed-upon price.
In 2006, the Company accrued $190,000 with respect to the New Units matter based on a settlement offer extended to the plaintiff, which was not accepted at that time.  On November 9, 2007, the judge issued a summary judgment against the Company with respect to the construction of the New Units.  The judgment did not specify damages, which the plaintiff will be required to demonstrate at trial.  On February 13, 2008, the court entered judgment related to the New Units on the seller/developer’s behalf awarding them a judgment in the amount of $774,292 for costs and damages.  The Company believes that there are reasonable grounds for appeal of this ruling and is pursuing an appeal of the judgment awarded by the court.
As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, the Company did not increase its accrual of $190,000 related to the New Units matter as it is moving forward with an appeal of the judgment awarded by the court.  Based on the court’s award of damages in the amount of $774,292, if the appeal were to be unsuccessful, the Company would record an additional cost of $584,292 related to the New Units matter, the amount in excess of the $190,000 accrued as of March 31, 2008.
The Company settled the matter related to the Garages and has executed a contract with the seller/developer for the construction of 48 Garages at an aggregate cost of $740,000.  As of March 31, 2008, the garage construction project is in the permitting stage and construction is scheduled to start when the permitting process is complete.
The Company and our properties are not subject to any other material pending legal proceedings and we are not aware of any such proceedings contemplated by governmental authorities.
 
     
Item 1A.
 
RISK FACTORS
   
Please read the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2008.  As of March 31, 2008 there have been no material changes to the risk factors as presented therein.  Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our financial condition and/or operating results.
     
Item 2.
 
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
   
- None
     

 
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Item 3.
 
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
   
- None
     
Item 4.
 
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
   
- None
     
Item 5.
 
OTHER INFORMATION
   
- None
     
Item 6.
 
EXHIBITS
     
10.1
 
Purchase and Sale Agreement between St. Marin/Karrington Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership and Williams Asset Management, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company, dated February 26, 2008 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 2, 2008).
     
31.1
 
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to
   
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
31.2
 
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to
   
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
32.1
 
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to
   
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
32.2
 
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to
   
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.




 
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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


       
BERKSHIRE INCOME REALTY, INC.
 
 
May 15, 2008
   
 
/s/  David C. Quade
       
David C. Quade
President, Chief Financial Officer and
Principal Executive Officer
 
 
May 15, 2008
   
 
/s/  Christopher M. Nichols
       
Christopher M. Nichols
Vice President and Principal Accounting Officer

 


 
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